Akhlāq-i zīstī i.e., Bioethics Journal

Background and Aim: The development of Environmental Ethics, Character and Etiquette in human societies is necessary to improve the behavior of humans with the environment. Environmental education in formal and informal forms plays an important role in its protection. In order to effective education to be achieved in accordance with the philosophy, foundations and local culture of the society, it is necessary to use appropriate models. The purpose of this research is to identify the components of the model of Environmental Etiquette Education from the perspective of the Iranian Islamic model of progress.

Methods: This research was conducted qualitatively and by the method of theme analysis and identifying the network of themes related to the research subject among various related texts. By in-depth study of 43 sources, related sentences were identified and 1057 codes were extracted. Then, the related codes were categorized based on thematic and conceptual relationship and were revised several times to ensure the acceptability and objectivity of the data. In this way, the organizing categories were identified and by repeatedly examining the categories with an inductive approach, the components of the model were concluded. Finally, 1057 codes were organized in 49 categories and 8 components.

Ethical Considerations: Honesty and trustworthiness have been observed in the report and reference to the texts.

Results: The constituent components of the environmental education model from the perspective of the Iranian Islamic model of progress were: basics, principles, message of the model, goals, teaching and learning components, the role of the learner, the role of the instructive, the environment and context of learning and evaluation. Also indicators such as "attention to the concept of guidance", "management of genetic infrastructures of education and learning", "attention to three-dimensionality existence of environment", "environmental etiquette", "Islamic view of the motherhood of the environment for humans", "attention to the rational capacity of the audience in communication and education" and "measurement and evaluation without grade criteria" were very important variables from the islamic point of veiw in environmental etiquette education.

Conclusion: It is necessary to extract and design the foundations, principles, patterns, objectives and educational methods of educating environmental etiquette, appropriate to the biosphere and the characteristics of Iranian people, through the teachings of Islam. The need to differentiate between the widely used concepts of environmental ethics, environmental behavior and environmental etiquette is emphasized. In the environmental etiquette education, the teacher has a reference role and is not just a facilitator. The initial assessment is necessary for each audience to recognize the rational capacity of the learner, in order to personalize the programs and methods of teaching and environmental etiquette education by the teacher. The final assessment in environmental etiquette education is based on the level of effort and responsibility of the learner and without the grade criterion.

Background and Aim: Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was introduced for the first time in DSM-5. The most prominent features of this disorder consist of behavioral as well as mood disruptions. Few researches have been done on disruptive mood disorder. The purpose of the current research is the epidemiology of disruptive mood disorder in adolescents and the comparison of moral judgment of affected and non-afflicted individuals.

Methods: The research method was descriptive and it was a survey and post-event type. Statistical population included 165 thousand and 555 students from among whom 384 ones were chosen using cluster random sampling based on Morgan formula to investigate epidemiology of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Also, for analyzing moral judgment difference between the students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder and normal students, 45 ones were selected using targeted sampling. For gathering data, emotional reactivity index of Stringaris & et al (2012), moral judgment questionnaire of Rest & et al (1973) and recognition interview based on DSM-5 were used. For analyzing data, descriptive indexes and independent t-test through SPSS 18 software were applied.

Ethical Considerations: In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity and satisfaction and awareness have been respected.

Results: Descriptive results of the research showed that the prevalence of syndrome of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was 1.3 percent. Moral judgment of the students with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder was significantly different from that of the students with no disorder (P<0.05, T=2.06).

Conclusion: The prevalence rate of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in East Azarbaijan province is in the middle range compared to other studies conducted abroad. However, attention should be paid to mental health policy-making in adolescents to decrease behavioral problems and prevent future issues.

Background and Aim: Investigating the effective factors in academic success has always been one of the concerns of educational and higher education system researchers, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of academic resilience and academic ethics in predicting the academic success of students.

Methods: The current study was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included students of Farhangian University of South Khorasan in the academic year of 2021-22. According to Krejcie and Morgan's table, 330 people were selected using available sampling method. The research data collection tools included Samuels' academic resilience questionnaires (2004), Golparvar academic ethics (2010) and Wells' academic success (2010). To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and simultaneous regression were used using SPSS 24 software.

Ethical Considerations: After obtaining permission from the university and explaining the objectives to the participants, their consent was obtained and they were assured about the confidentiality of the information.

Results: The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between academic resilience (r=0.676) and academic ethics (r=0.501) with academic success (P<0.01) and the components of academic resilience and academic ethics explain 50.1% of students' academic success.

Conclusion: The research findings provide the basis for more and deeper educational researches in the field of ethical educational planning and strengthening resilient character.

Background and Aim: The problem of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in today's educational environment is a prominent and pervasive issue that has its roots in several sources. The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating organizational trauma management (MTO) in new teachers with a qualitative and quantitative approach.

Methods: The method of this research was case study according to the purpose; At first, qualitative data was collected and then according to the findings, quantitative data was extracted and analyzed. The statistical population was new teachers of Gilan, Alborz and Tehran provinces with a population of 15,000 people. In this part of sampling, 375 people were selected through cluster sampling. In the qualitative section, 25 people were selected using targeted sampling. Data collection in the qualitative part was done using the database method and through semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, it was done through a researcher-made questionnaire, the alpha coefficient of which was calculated as 0.91. In order to analyze the quantitative part, artificial neural network was used using SPSS 25 software.

Ethical Considerations: Along with informing the participants about the research process, full satisfaction was obtained for the implementation of the research.

Results: The results of the research in the qualitative part in the form of a model was including causal conditions (3 categories), core category (organizational trauma management), strategy (6 categories), background (3 categories), intervention conditions, (3 categories) and consequences (6 categories). The findings of the quantitative part also showed that psychological empowerment has the greatest effect and psychological safety has the least importance coefficient in estimating organizational trauma management.

Conclusion: According to the surveys, many new teachers face significant and unique challenges in the work environment, which expose them to the risk of stress, burnout and erosion, because they are not treated through education or support. Therefore, for new teachers who are known as an important force in the educational system, it is necessary to provide and support by a structural review and create a platform to express their points of view in different fields in the organization.

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to present a structural model to explain grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in men and women based on objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with mediating role of self-esteem.

Methods: The present study was a correctional-discriptive based on a structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all men and women over 18 years of age in Ahvaz and 309 of them were randomly selected and tested by available sampling method through social networks. Instruments which were used to collect data were demographic questionnaire, Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBC), Luthans Psychological Capital Scale (LPCS) and Rosenburg Self-esteem Inventory (RSES). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 and Amos 24.

Ethical Considerations: In the present study, ethical principles such as confidentiality of information were observed and there was no possible harm to the subjects.

Results: Results revealed that there was a significant relationship between Objectified Body consciousness with Grandiose Narcissism and Volnerable Narcissism in women. The results of these variables in men were not significant. Objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with self-esteem was significant for both men and women. Furthermore, Psychological capitals with grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism was significant in men; in women, Psychological capitals only were significant with vulnerable narcissism (p<0. 01). Among indirect path, Self-esteem could significantly play a mediating role for Objectified body consciousness and psychological capitals with grandiose narcissism and vulnerable narcissism in men. In women, the only significant indirect path was between self-esteem with vulnerable narcissism.

Conclusion: Gender significantly moderated the causal effect of self-esteem on vulnerable narcissism, so that self-esteem in men has a stronger causal effect on vulnerable narcissism. These results can be used by clinical psychotherapists and psychiatrists in therapy with clients who suffer from narcissist personality disorder and related disorders to body image. As regards self-objectification can be led to narcissism and lower levels of self-esteem in individuals, therefore it is recommended that Psychologists and health experts care more about variables which were mentioned.

Background and Aim: Since past time, societies have been encountered with such damages as diseases, poverty and death. Hence, it is for centuries that many states have attempted to reduce such damages via policymaking in order to realize citizens’ welfare rights. Social consequences of such initiatives are manifested in promoting citizens’ life quality level. Therefore, in the modern era, the social policies of the governments have been followed with different approaches from the past and have been influenced by the surrounding conditions of the societies.

Methods: Research methodology in present paper is based on cause-and-effect analysis of data and data collection technique is based on library and documents studying in order to respond raised hypothesis in the paper.

Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Results: Present paper findings suggest that today states have looked at human’s welfare rights through a new approach and have attempted to cover damages from people’s incapability such as unemployment, disability and senescence through wisdom of the crowd and utilizing social initiatives and policymaking in macro levels since such damages would yield to reduction in incomes and consequently, mitigation in welfare level and losing human dignity.

Conclusion: The focal point of efforts can be seen in theories resulted from establishing welfare state that could improve citizens’ welfare and life qualities through supportive policies and extending human security indicators in food supply, healthcare services and training and have enhanced life expectancy via a human development approach. Despite of this, states impacted by globalization, have pursued a postwelfare approach on social policymaking based on a minimum attitude toward supporting citizens’ welfare rights.

Background and Aim: Judging is one of the most important affairs of society, to the extent that it is called a divine office. The purpose of this research is to examine the manners and ethics of judging in the light of verses and Shia traditions.

Methods: This research is of theoretical type. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Results: The findings of the present research show that the manners and ethics of judging are designed in a way based on the matter of judging, and their main function is to prevent corruption of the judge and deviation from the path of justice.

Conclusion: In the interpretation of laws and regulations, and specifically the law on the supervision of the behavior of judges, it is possible to refer to the moral teachings in the framework of the verses and Shia traditions. These teachings create a suitable environment for solving the existing gaps. In fact, the presence of the qualities that the Holy Sharia deems necessary in a judge eliminates the basis of any kind of corruption in the matter of judgment and administration of justice.

Background and Aim: The place of ethics in the development and strengthening of human identity is a deep-rooted and widespread debate. Considering that moral virtues are considered as one of the fundamental tools of identity formation, there is no doubt that rethinking moral virtues such as benevolence in Quranic teachings and advanced moral sources, will result in important effects such as feeling responsible for social issues, optimally playing assigned roles in social structures, and trying to improve relations with society members.

Methods: The current research is based on a descriptive-analytical method and using original library sources such as Aristotle's Politics, Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle's Commandments to Shimas (Tafaheh), Aristotle's Treatise on the Soul, as well as precious sources of Qur'an interpretation, has tried to explain clearly the moral and Quranic point of view about the concept and examples of benevolence.

Ethical Considerations: In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are respected.

Results: The findings indicate that benevolence from the point of view of Aristotelian ethics is manifested in the form of calling for individual and social benevolence, and this virtue appeared in Quranic teachings, on the one hand, along with narratives of the stories of the societies of the age of the prophets and on the other hand, specific recommendations were also expressed about the necessity of benevolence towards oneself in the form of returning from bad deeds and also paying attention to collective interests.

Conclusion: The meaning of benevolence in Aristotelian ethics has appeared in types of individual and social benevolence; The invitation of the soul to know the self in the direction of benevolence and also the necessity of benevolence in various individual practices is considered an important indicator of Aristotle's view of examples of benevolence. Examples of benevolence in Qur'anic teachings have a type of comprehensiveness that tries to prioritize social good and benefits over personal expediency, and this comprehensive view has tremendous effects in improving social relations. This type of benevolence has appeared in the teachings of the prophets to the people in the Holy Quran.

Background and Aim: Bioethics is one of the emerging topics of the last few decades in the field of biotechnology, which has been discussed in many ways. However the relationship between criminal law and bioethics has not been given much attention. In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the necessity of criminal intervention in bioethics and to develop a guarantee of criminal execution to comply with the elements of bioethics and to discuss the solutions in this regard.

Methods: The present study was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way using the library method.

Ethical Considerations: In all stages of writing the present study, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been respected.  

Results: The findings indicate that the possible consequences of biotechnologies in areas such as human cloning and misuse that may threaten the life and nature of mankind through this biotechnology have made criminal intervention in bioethics a necessity. In other words, it is necessary to observe human dignity, the principle of informed consent, the principle of non-destruction and the observance of a treatment-oriented approach as important principles of bioethics, through criminal intervention, and the development of criminal guarantees. Bio-ethical criminal law, as it originates from minimal government, is qualified as minimal intervention, because otherwise, based on human-centered thought, it will lose its legitimacy and public support.

Conclusion: The standards of human rights are the most important standards that can be the basis for the formulation of criminal guarantee and criminal intervention in bioethics, because human rights seek to respect the rights of all human beings, and at the same time, bioethics seeks to respect human dignity, and to solve human biological dilemmas in the use of biological technology by appealing to informed consent and the principle of non-destruction. Indeed, there is a close semantic connection between human rights and bioethics.

Background and Aim: Today, exploring the meaning of life is one of the common issues of psychology and philosophy. In psychological analysis, meaning in life is considered a positive and desirable psychological quality, and is evaluated in relation to the stimulus, Communication and understanding of the person. However, in the end, the person-centered view of meaning of life does not provide any comprehensive answer to the question of what the meaning of life is. On the other hand, philosophy, with the approach of finding general and universal answers, tries to define fundamental principles for the meaning of life by laying metaphysical foundations. Therefore, he has tried to provide a comprehensive answer to the meaning of life with naturalistic and supernaturalist theories, although he has been criticized in this way.  

Methods: In this comparative study, using the descriptive-analytical method, the similarities and differences between the two fields of psychology and philosophy in the field of the meaning of life have been investigated.

Ethical Considerations: The ethical principles of theoretical and library study, including honesty and trustworthiness in referring to sources, have been observed in this research.

Results: Based on the findings of this research, it can be said: First, Meaning is basically something that precedes us, so in analyzing the meaning of life, we should pay attention to the source of life; Secondly, the psychological view of the meaning of life has somehow degraded the meaning from a general thing to a personalized thing; Thirdly, returning to a philosophical view for the meaning of life can be the basis for preventing general nihilism in life.

Conclusion: Analyzing and interpreting the question of what is the meaning of life from a psychological and philosophical point of view and creating a structural and historical contrast between these two fields of knowledge, paves the way to find new answers to this problem.

Background and Aim: The principle non bis in idem is one of the principles of fair proceedings in criminal proceedings, which, according to modern criminal law and the emergence of the concept of "criminal matters" in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, can be extended to administrative and disciplinary violations as well. Doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, midwives and other professions related to medicine may commit disciplinary, punitive, insurance, administrative and criminal offenses, each of which has its own laws as possible. It is possible for a doctor to be included in the mentioned various titles and bear many punishments due to a single action. The purpose of this research is to examine the ways out of this unfair and even immoral approach by resorting to existing humanitarian and fair legal solutions, especially the principle non bis in idem.

Methods: The method of collecting information in this research is a library and the contents have been analyzed in a descriptive way.

Ethical Considerations: In this article, the ethical principles of writing, including trustworthiness, honesty and originality of the text, have been observed.

Results: Examining the laws and regulations related to the medical profession shows that the aforementioned principle has not been observed regarding the disciplinary violations of doctors and allied professions, and in terms of the variety and number of violations counted in the regulations of this profession, the employees of this profession, have been subjected to disrespect and lack of fairness.

Conclusion: Compliance with the principles and rules of humanitarian and fair proceedings, especially the principle of prohibition of re-trial and re-punishment, with the solutions proposed by the researcher, can compensate this shortcoming well.

Background and Aim: Protection of the environment according to the rights of peace is based on the potential application of environmental protection norms in peacetime and the extension of those norms to the time of international armed conflicts. Therefore, the following article seeks to evaluate and explore the role of peace rights in protecting the environment and its use in international armed conflicts.

Methods: This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.

Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Results: Despite the fact that the principle of not resorting to force and embargoing war as an imperative rule is emphasized by the United Nations Charter and other international documents, however, in its permitted form, such as legitimate defense, humans and the environment are not immune from the consequences of war. These issues have caused the concern of the international community in such a way that the discussion of environmental protection in armed conflicts has been placed on the agenda of the International Law Commission.

Conclusion: Among the treaties that are clearly applicable during international armed conflict, two categories of treaties including treaties containing mandatory rules and treaties protecting fundamental human rights, to some extent, include substantive environmental rights and requirements because the right to a healthy environment is a human right and the prohibition of causing massive pollution in the environment has led to the creation of mandatory rules.

Background and Aim: Psychological security is one of the important dimensions that must be paid special attention to along with the acquisition of knowledge; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of moral intelligence and resilience in predicting the psychological security of accounting students.

Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all male and female undergraduate students in accounting of Bozormehr Qaenat University in the academic year 2022-23 and 225 people were selected from the statistical population by available sampling method; And they responded to the moral intelligence questionnaires of Lennick & Kiel (2007), Connor & Davidson resilience (2003) and the short form of Maslow psychological security (1952). In data analysis, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis method were used in addition to using SPSS 25 software.

Ethical Considerations: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Helsinki and the informed consent of the individuals.

Results: The results showed that the relationship between moral intelligence and resilience with psychological security was positive and significant (p<0.01). Also, moral intelligence and resilience in total had the ability to predict 1.45% of psychological security changes.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that moral intelligence and resilience are variables related to increasing the psychological security of students.

Background and Aim: Moral education is one of the most important educational issues. Achieving this great goal in various educational institutions requires a plan that is called a curriculum in the literature of educational sciences. The purpose of this study was to review the status of moral education in curriculum studies.

Methods: The research method was qualitative (descriptive) and the statistical population included all articles published in the Iranian Science Publications Database (SID, Magiran and Noormags). Sampling was done after the identification-screening process and 31 of the articles between the years 2006-2022 were selected by census method and were evaluated based on selected criteria (dimensions of goals, questions and outcomes).

Ethical Considerations: In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been respected.

Results: The findings showed that 92% of the articles are scientific-research, and 8% are Scientific- extension; The period of publication of articles was irregularly distributed and the highest number of articles was between the years 2010 and 2013 (with a frequency of 22); 37% of the researches were conducted by men, 13% by women and 54% of them were conducted jointly by men and women. Journals of non-medical universities had a greater share in publishing articles with 75.68 while 24.32 of articles were published in medical journals. Researches have been conducted with the aim of the place of ethics in various elements of the curriculum such as teaching, content and evaluation.

Conclusion: Considering the emergence of new ethical issues in the field of contemporary education, deeper scientific studies in the field of moral education in the curriculum studies, with the participation of male and female researchers, should be given more attention.

Background and Aim: Although the issue of genetic manipulation offers a new perspective to medical science, it creates challenges in various fields, including bioethics, which are controversial. The purpose of this article is to investigate biotechnology in the human domain from the point of view of bioethics.

Methods: This article has been done using descriptive-analytical method along with the use of library resources.

Ethical Considerations: In present paper, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are observed.

Results: In the process of biotechnology in the human domain, the important principles of bioethics should be considered. Observance of human dignity, the principle of free and informed consent, access to genetic resources and the fair sharing of the resulting benefits, and observance of the principle of caution and intervention for preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic purposes are among the most important principles of bioethics that must be followed in the processes caused by genetic manipulation. The issue of genetic manipulation and its effects on bioethics and human rights has been considered in some international documents, but the issue of the guarantee of implementation in these documents is either vague or not mentioned.  

Conclusion: Genetic science as a science that causes the change and creation of animal and human phenomena and has important effects on the continuation of human life, should be considered in such a way that it includes both moral and religious concerns and provides conditions for the protection of human rights standards in order to improve the positive aspects of this field and improve human life.

Background and Aim: One of the most important issues related to the safety and health of citizens in different societies is the reduction of traffic crimes. Insurance laws play an important role in adopting preventive strategies in this field. This article tries to examine and evaluate the approach of the third party insurance law in order to prevent traffic crimes in terms of the amount of attention paid to the driver's personality.

Methods: The present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and in terms of data collection, it was done in a library manner.

Ethical Considerations: In all stages of this research, from the study of documents to scientific analysis, it has been tried to observe the principles of ethics in the research, and in the analysis and conclusions, it is based on the principle of value neutrality and leaving aside personal preferences.

Results: The third party insurance law takes preventive approaches in compliance with the ethical principles of harm prevention and justice, through various means including paying attention to the characteristics of the driver in issuing the insurance policy, establishing the ultimate responsibility for the culprit of the accident, discounting the insurance premium, training and Cultivation is assumed, but due to factors such as the emphasis on issuing third-party insurance based on car characteristics and the fact that insurance is compensation-oriented compared to its prevention-oriented nature, insufficient attention is paid to culture building in the direction of prevention, preferring the responsibility of the insurance company in court cases, the continuation of the relative effect of insurance coverage in the increase of traffic accidents, still has shortcomings in the field of prevention.

Conclusion: By emphasizing the personalization of responsibility and the centrality of the individual and his characteristics in insurance calculations, along with criminal and non-criminal preventive measures including the creation of a personal file, culture and continuous training and the correct and decisive implementation of laws, the preventive effect of the Personal Insurance Law The third will be fulfilled.

Background and Aim: A society will be dynamic and vitality when its citizens have good social health. According to the importance and influence of this type of health among people in the society, in this research, the explanation of social health through the sense of perceived equality and the mediating role of mistrust among the citizens of Tehran in 1401 has been considered.

Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and correlational-survey in terms of data collection method. The data collected by standard and researcher-made questionnaires among 384 citizens of the 2nd, 10th and 16th districts of Tehran by combining four types of sampling methods; That is, simple random sampling method (based on the lottery method), cluster, multi-stage and stratified sampling, that data were collected according to the sample size. It should be noted that the validity of the questionnaires was checked by supervisor and advisor and the reliability of the questionnaires was checked with Cronbach's alpha test and the obtained coefficients (above 0.7) indicated the reliability of the tools.

Ethical Considerations: The respondents who participated in this research answered the questionnaires with the knowledge of conducting of the research and its goals.

Results: According to the beta coefficients in the univariate regression test, it was found that a change of one standard deviation in perceived equality caused 0.554 standard deviation in the social health and          -0.231 standard deviation in the mistrust and finally a change of one standard deviation in mistrust causes -0.405 standard deviation in the social health score. Also, in the path analysis, it was found that the total effect (direct and indirect effect) of perceived equality variable on social health is 0.647.

Conclusion: According to that social health has wide effects in the society and its absence causes huge problems and challenges, therefore, the implementation of perceived equality and on the other hand restoring trust among the people of the society should be prioritized.

Background and Aim: By increasing the rate of unethical behaviors in the workplace, addressing Islamic work ethic can play an important role in effective management of organizations and reducing corruption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the consequences of Islamic work ethic in reducing corruption in government organizations.

Methods: This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using Sandlowski and Barroso’s seven-step meta-synthesis method (2007). The corpus of the study included all Persian and English studies published on consequences of Islamic occupational ethics between 2001 and 2021. In this regard, keywords related to the purpose of the study were searched and the obtained papers and documents were examined using purposive sampling according to the acceptance criteria. Finally, 36 papers meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed using the three-step coding method (open, axial, selective) by MAXQDA 20 (2020) software. The reliability of coding was calculated using kappa agreement coefficient in SPSS software with a value of 0.83.

Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.

Results: Based on the results of data analysis, 145 open codes were identified for the data which were classified into 45 subcategories and four main categories of: 1- Individual; 2- Organizational; 3- Occupational; 4- Social Consequences.

Conclusion: The results revealed that the existence of Islamic occupational ethics in the organization can lead to increased ethical growth of managers and employees and organizational effectiveness and it will have Impressive internal and external consequences for the organization.

Background and Aim: Identifying the effective factors in psychological well-being and promoting it, is considered one of the obvious priorities in health care systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of moral distress and early maladaptive schemas in predicting the psychological well-being of nurses.

Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlation. The research community consisted of all the nurses of Nikan Hospital in Tehran who were members in social networks in the spring of 2022 and 100 of them were selected through convenience sampling and they responded to Hamric et al (2012) moral distress questionnaires, Young & Brown (1994) early maladaptive schemas and Ryff (1989) psychological well-being. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation test and multiple regressions were used using SPSS 22 software.

Ethical Considerations: In all stages of data documentation and analysis, ethical considerations including informed consent, privacy protection and anonymity of respondents and confidentiality of information about the subjects have been observed.

Results: The results of correlation coefficients showed that the relationship between moral distress and initial maladaptive schemas with psychological well-being were negative and significant. (p<0.01). Also, regression analysis showed that initial maladaptive schemas and moral confusion explain 66.8% of the variance of nurses' psychological well-being.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it seems necessary to plan measures to train nurses and provide optimal solutions to resolve moral distress and initial maladaptive schemas in order to improve the psychological well-being of nurses.

Background and Aim: While the discussion regarding corporate social responsibility has become a hot topic in university forums; what has received less attention is the role of environmental ethics in the formation of social responsibility. Therefore, the current research is carried out to elucidate the role of environmental ethics in realizing the social responsibility of the company.

Methods: This research was conducted as a quantitative survey. The statistical population includes all employees of the administrative department of the Ports and Maritime Organization, from which a sample of 198 people was selected. Data collection was done using a questionnaire and data analysis was done with partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software.

Ethical Considerations: In all stages of the research, ethical considerations, including the authenticity of the text, the authenticity of the data, and the satisfaction of the participants, have been observed.

Results: The results obtained in this research show that both dimensions of environmental ethics, including the intrinsic value and the applied value of the environment, have a positive and significant effect on the three dimensions of corporate social responsibility.

Conclusion: This research is among the few researches that highlight the intrinsic value of the environment as a factor that creates organizations' social responsibility.

Background and Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the social effects of the development measures of the Local Development and Facilitation Office in the marginalized neighborhood of Malazinal in the metropolis of Tabriz using the 9-stage model of Rabble J.Barge which is considered as the first experience of its kind at the national level. In conducting the present research, the researcher has sought to find out what consequences the set of development measures of the Malazinal Local Development and Facilitation Office of Tabriz metropolis had in the process of achieving social development in the target neighborhood.

Methods: The social impact assessment mechanism in this research is included the data obtained from the documents and reports of the facilitation office, semi-structured individual and group interviews with 27 experts, relevant specialists, residents of the neighborhood, as well as the researcher's field observations of projects and plans done in different departments. The type of study was applied-developmental in terms of purpose and the type of method was qualitative.

Ethical Considerations: In the current research, all the ethical principles of the research, including trustworthiness, honesty and the principles of text writing, have been fully observed.

Results: The findings of this research show that, despite the ethnic attitudes governing the environment of the target neighborhood, which acts as an inhibiting factor, the actions of the facilitation office have been able to help the residents of the neighborhood in the community under study. Decision-making in the form of circles and meetings of the Facilitation Office has contributed in various ways and this strategy has played an important role in the advancement of projects.

Conclusion: All of these measures have been effective on the economic, social and cultural empowerment of the residents of local communities and by promoting social capital through individual and institutional trust building, increasing social solidarity and facilitating social relations and social participation, the path to social development has been made smoother.

Background and Aim: Today, organizations, especially educational organizations, need leaders who can save the organization from environmental risks and uncertainties by providing novel and innovative solutions to face environmental changes. In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of innovative leadership with an ethical approach in educational organizations with a meta- Metasynthesis study.

Methods: This research was carried out practical in terms of purpose and with a mixed qualitative method. The statistical population is all the studies conducted between 1380 and 1400. In this regard, 51 researches in the field of the desired subject were evaluated and finally 26 articles were selected purposefully and by analyzing the content and composition of related literature, a total of 114 codes and 9 key categories were identified and analyzed during the process of searching and systematic combination of texts and its validity was confirmed through Cohen's kappa test.

Ethical Considerations: In compiling this research, ethical aspects including preserving the originality of the texts, honesty and fidelity and satisfaction and awareness have been respected.

Results: The results of the analysis showed that the most important components of innovative leadership with an ethical approach in educational organizations are 9 key components including: 1- Collaborative Management; 2- Responsible; 3- Facilitator and Supporter of Innovation; 4- Risk Taking; 5- Ethics; 6- Empowerment; 7- Personality Traits; 8- Criticism; 9- Humanization.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the present research, the use of innovative ethical leadership in educational organizations increases the productivity of employees and also leads to the flourishing of talents and creativity in the organization.

Background and Aim: Cyber infidelity in a sexual relationship is a problem that affects the entire family function. So, the present study aims to explain the causal model of cyber infidelity based on moral agency and emotional self-efficacy.

Methods: The present study is a descriptive-correlational study. 264 people involved in online infidelity were purposefully selected from those who read or wanted a divorce referring to divorce prevention counseling centers in Tehran province in the spring and summer of 1400. Data collection tools included the Ducan-Morgan and Dukan (2007) cyber infidelity questionnaire, Black ethical agent scale (2016) and the Beverly et al emotional self-efficacy scale (2008). The data were analyzed using Pearson, Bootstrap and Sobel tests and also through SPSS 24 and Amos 24 software program.

Ethical Considerations: All the ethical principles of the research, such as fidelity, honesty, informed consent and originality of the text were considered during the writing of this research.

Results: In total of 15% of the variance of cyber infidelity of spouses was explained through model variables. Responsibility (-0.23), external attention (0.07), group pressure (0.11) and emotional self-efficacy (-0.22) had a direct effect on estimating spousal cyber infidelity. The indirect effects of responsibility (t-value=2.74), group pressure (t-value=2.6) and external attention (t-value=1.99) were also observed by mediating role of emotional self-efficacy.

Conclusion: Considering the role of the responsibility and emotional self-efficacy variables in explaining the model of cyber infidelity, it can be concluded that cyber infidelity can be decrease by enhancing responsibility and emotional self-efficacy.

Background and Aim: The study of effective factors in promoting resilience is one of the goals of positive psychology, so the aim of this study was to determine the role of moral intelligence and distress tolerance in predicting resilience of students during the corona pandemic.

Methods: The present study was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Farhangian University of Shahid Bahonar Campus in Birjand in the academic year 2020-21. 260 people who volunteered to participate in the research were selected by available sampling method. They responded online to the moral intelligence questionnaire of Lennick & Kiel (2007), distress tolerance of Simon and Gaher (2005) and resilience of Connor & Davidson (2003). Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions with SPSS 24 software were used to analyze the data.

Ethical Considerations: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Helsingi, informed consent and approval of the code of ethics.

Results: The results showed that there was a direct and significant correlation between distress tolerance (r=-0.611) and moral intelligence (r=-0.613) with resilience (P<0.01). Also, the results showed distress tolerance (37.6%) and moral intelligence (45.1%) predict the variance of resilience.

Conclusion: According to the results of the study, by increasing the tolerance of distress and promoting moral intelligence and their dimensions, students' resilience can be increase during the corona pandemic; Therefore, in programs based on health promotion, it seems necessary to pay more attention to stress tolerance, moral intelligence and its promotion in students.

Background and Aim: Job satisfaction is one of the categories that have been influenced by the environment and ethical leadership style. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of school and moral leadership in job satisfaction of primary teachers in Baharestan.

Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 144 teachers of the second grade of elementary school in District Two of Baharestan in the academic year 2019-20 were selected by stratified sampling method. The collection tools included the Stove School Atmosphere Questionnaire Ojaghi (1997), the Kalshoven et al Moral Leadership Questionnaire (2011) and Brayfield & Rothe (1951) Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software and Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions.

Ethical Considerations: In this study, the verbal consent of the participants was obtained and they were assured about the confidentiality of the information.

Results: The results showed that school climate and ethical leadership had a positive and significant correlation with job satisfaction in teachers (P<0.01). Components of school organizational climate explain 41% and components of moral leadership 36.5% of the variance of job satisfaction.

Conclusion: Improving the school climate and applying ethical leadership style can provide the basis for increasing the job satisfaction of elementary teachers. The results of the study show the importance of education providers in promoting job satisfaction of teachers.

Background and Aim: In order to reduce the problems of marital adjustment, related factors should be identified, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of moral identity and spiritual capital on the marital adjustment of married students.

Methods: In a descriptive-correlational study, 320 people were selected as a sample from the research community, which included male and female married students of Karaj Azad University in the academic year 2022-23, using the stratified sampling method. The data collection tool included Aquino & Reed Moral Identity Questionnaire (2002), Golparvar et al spiritual capital (2014) and Locke & Wallace marital adjustment (1959). Data analysis was done using SPSS 22 software and Pearson correlation and regression tests.

Ethical Considerations: In this research, the ethical principles include ensuring the full consent and informed willingness of the participants to participate in the research, assuring the participants that their information will remain completely confidential, and maintaining mutual respect and freedom during the research.

Results: The research results showed that there is a significant relationship between all the components of moral identity and spiritual capital in the marital adjustment of married students, and the predictor variables explain 42% of the variance of marital adjustment.

Conclusion: Marital adjustment can be predicted based on moral identity and spiritual capital; According to the results, organized and codified actions by higher education centers in the field of promoting marital compatibility are necessary and essential.

Background and Aim: Creating a Teaching organization in today's changing conditions is a very important thing in organizations, and various factors play a role in achieving this goal, among which moral intelligence and innovative organizational atmosphere can be mentioned. For this purpose, the aim of the current research is to examine the effect of moral intelligence on the components of the teaching organization with the mediating role of the innovative organizational climate.

Methods: The research method was correlational and structural equation model type. The statistical population included all the employees of education departments of Golestan province in the number of 513 people, of which 219 people were selected as the research sample using Cochran's formula by random sampling method. Data collection was done using three questionnaires, including Zarei's Teaching organization questionnaire (2007), Siegel and Karmer's innovative organizational atmosphere questionnaire (1987) and Lennick and Kiel moral intelligence questionnaire (2005). Data analysis has been done with the help of Smart Pls 3 software and structural equation modeling.

Ethical Considerations: In the preparation of this article, the ethical aspects including preserving the authenticity of the texts, honesty, trustworthiness and the satisfaction of the subjects have been observed.

Results: The findings of this study showed that moral intelligence on the components of the Teaching organization has a positive and significant effect with a coefficient of 0.844 and moral intelligence over the innovative organizational climate with a coefficient of 0.446 as well as an innovative organizational atmosphere on the poem coefficient with a coefficient of 0.289. Also, the indirect impact of moral intelligence on the Teaching organization with the mediating role of an innovative organizational atmosphere with a coefficient of 0.13 and T. level above 1.96 is positive and significant.

Conclusion: According to the results it was found that moral intelligence can play an important role in achieving the organization as a teaching organization. Also, to the extent that the employees of the organization have higher moral intelligence, the innovative atmosphere prevails in the organization and the organization moves towards being a teaching organization. Therefore, education staff is suggested to pay special attention to moral intelligence and innovative atmosphere in the organization.

Background and Aim: Today, one of the most obvious issues that occupy the minds of the planners of the educational and health system is the issue of promoting psychological well-being and identifying the factors that are effective in it. So, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of health literacy and moral intelligence in the psychological well-being of students.

Methods: The research was descriptive and correlational. The research population included all female students studying in the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the Islamic Azad University, Birjand branch in the academic year 2022-23 and 196 people were selected as the research sample using the available sampling method. The data included the health literacy questionnaires of Ali Montazeri et al. (2013), moral intelligence of Lennick & Kiel (2007) and Ryff psychological well-being (1989). Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software and Pearson correlation test and multiple regressions.

Ethical Considerations: This research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of Helsinki and the informed consent of the individuals.

Results: The results showed that the correlation between moral intelligence (r=0.630) and health literacy (r=0.683) with psychological well-being of students is positive and significant (p<0.01). Also, the variable of health literacy 46.1% and moral intelligence 38.7% had the ability to predict changes in psychological well-being.

Conclusion: It is important to focus on improving the psychological well-being of students through increasing health literacy and consequently their moral intelligence in order to achieve better results.

Background and Aim: Physical activity is an effective means of cultivating people's intellectual, physical and moral powers and is considered a factor for appropriate social interactions. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of using the health road in Qazvin city on individual and social responsibility with the mediation of citizenship ethics.

Methods: In terms of the nature, this research was applied, and in terms of strategy, it was descriptive, in terms of the execution path, it was correlational and field method. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the residents of Qazvin who use the facilities of the city's health roads and due to the unlimited population the sample size was randomly selected by Morgan's table to the number of 384 people. The questionnaire of individual responsibility, citizenship ethics, social responsibility and the amount of use of the health road were used to collect data. To analyze the data, statistical methods of path analysis of structural equations were used in PLS software.

Ethical Considerations: In conducting this research, ethical aspects including preserving the authenticity of texts, honesty, trustworthiness and confidentiality of information have been taken into account.

Results: The results of structural equation path analysis showed that the use of health road in Qazvin city on individual and social responsibility, the use of health road in Qazvin city on citizenship ethics, citizenship ethics on social responsibility, citizenship ethics on individual responsibility and Citizenship ethics has had a positive and significant impact on social responsibility.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, in order to promote citizenship ethics and improve social interactions in the society, the authorities should culturize the use of urban health roads and pay attention to the renovation and maintenance of the quality of health roads.

Background and Aim: Spirituality in the workplace is one of the most important business and management trends in the twenty-first century, which has been seriously discussed since the mid-nineties. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of spirituality in working with organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of professional ethics of primary teachers in education in the fifth district of Tabriz.

Methods: The method of this research is a descriptive correlation based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all primary education teachers in the fifth district of Tabriz, 485 teachers. The sample size was 215 using stratified random sampling method and according to Krejcie and Morgan table. To collect research data, standard questionnaires of spirituality in the workplace of Milliman et al. (2003), Organizational entrepreneurship of Covin & Slevin (1991) and Professional ethics of Moghimi and Ramadan (2013) were used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaires and Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaires. The calculated coefficients are 0.94, 0.80 and 0.87, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation method and SPSS 24 and LISREL 8.8 software.

Ethical Considerations: The objectives of the research and the confidentiality of information were explained to the participants and their informed consent was obtained.

Results: The research results showed that there is no direct and significant relationship between spirituality at work and organizational entrepreneurship (β=0.19). There is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of professional ethics and organizational entrepreneurship (β=0.71). At the same time, there is a positive and significant relationship between professional ethics and spirituality at work (β=0.39). In addition, the mediating role of teachers' professional ethics in the relationship between spirituality and entrepreneurship was confirmed in the model. Confirming the mediating role of professional ethics, spirituality has an indirect, positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship with a coefficient (β=0.28).

Conclusion: Paying attention to spirituality in work and professional ethics promotes organizational entrepreneurship among teachers. Therefore, in order to improve the state of organizational entrepreneurship, it is recommended to education managers to increase the level of these variables in teachers through planning, so that the performance of teachers and the organization can be improved.

Background and Aim: The family, as the most stable social unit, is the main source of individual growth and a fundamental axis for the healthy functioning of individuals and society. Due to the importance of the family, many studies have been conducted in relation to it, most of which, of course, have focused on variables that are the cause of family disintegration. So in the situation of severe lack of research related to family stability, this article raised the question of whether it is possible to predict family stability based on social cognition and love with the mediation of communication skills.

Methods: The present study was a correlational survey (structural equation model explanation). The statistical population of the study included the citizens of Tehran, 400 of who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection tool included a researcher-made questionnaire of family stability, social cognition and communication skills and Sternberg's Love Questionnaire. SPSS 26 and AMOS 23 software were used for data analysis.

Ethical Considerations: In compiling this article, ethical aspects including maintaining the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness and informed consent have been observed. Also, all the questionnaires have been completed without the names and personal information of the individuals.

Results: Correlation findings showed that social cognition, communication skills and love have a positive and significant correlation with family stability. Also, social cognition and love have a positive and significant correlation with communication skills. The model data also showed that the CFI and NFI indexes in the model are equal to 0.999 and 0.995 respectively, which indicate the acceptable fit of the model. RMSEA value is equal to 0.077 and a value less than 0.08 which means a good fit. GFI is also equal to 0.996, which indicates a good fit. As a result, it can be concluded from all the indicators that the research model has a good fit.

Conclusion: By increasing each of the variables of social cognition, love and communication skills, family stability increases.

Background and Aim: Today, job enthusiasm is a very important category for increasing productivity and job satisfaction in the educational system, and one of its requirements is the use of ethical leadership style in the management and leadership of teachers. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of well-being and organizational voice in the relationship between ethical leadership and job enthusiasm.

Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and field type in terms of data collection method. The research method is descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included all the primary school teachers in Urmia and based on the inquiry from the recruitment of the Department of Education of Urmia, there were 3740 people, of which 350 people were selected as statistical sample of the research based on the Cochran formula and using the multi-stage cluster sampling method for data collection. Standard organizational well-being questionnaires Amrollahi and Danaei (2013), organizational voice Hams (2012), ethical leadership Karlshon et al (2011) and job enthusiasm Salvanava and Shoufeli (2001) were used to collect data.

Ethical Considerations: After explaining the objectives of the study and assuring the participants about the confidentiality of information and their oral consent, the questionnaires were distributed among the participants.

Results: The results showed that ethical leadership has a positive and significant direct effect on organizational well-being (0.85). Ethical leadership has a positive and significant direct effect on organizational voice (0.72). Organizational well-being has a positive and significant direct effect on job enthusiasm (0.43). Organizational voice has a positive and significant direct effect on job enthusiasm (0.59). Ethical leadership through organizational well-being has a positive and significant indirect effect on job enthusiasm (0.21). Also, ethical leadership through organizational voice has an indirect and significant effect on job enthusiasm (0.39). 

Conclusion: Ethical leaders and managers supporting for teachers to express their constructive ideas and opinions in solving educational problems has a significant role in the job satisfaction and enthusiasm of them. Therefore, using teachers' constructive suggestions is a kind of value and respect for teachers, and this itself causes enthusiasm among them.

Background and Aim: According to the philosophical foundations in Islam, the sciences related to nature are not studied without considering the nature of its creator and sustainable development is a comprehensive approach that deals with ways to not waste natural resources, so that they are available in the future. To achieve environmental sustainability and provide an ethical model of environmental sustainability, the philosophical foundations of nature from the perspective of Islamic and secular thought and presenting an ethical model of environmental sustainability can be compared more especially from their feasible and reliable strategies.

Methods: This study analyzed the philosophical foundations of nature from the perspective of Islamic and secular thought and presented an ethical model of environmental sustainability with a qualitative approach and in an analytical-inferential way by using the library method.

Ethical Considerations: The principle of honesty, impartiality and trustworthiness and the originality of the work are among the fundamental principles of this study.

Results: Islamic viewpoint affects the many pro-environmental behaviors required to achieve global sustainability, whereas secularic viewpoint affect some pro-environmental behaviors required to achieve local sustainability. Also, secularic viewpoint affects proenvironmental behaviors; Islam solves collective-action problems to achieve short-run sustainability, whereas secluar solves collective-action problems to achieve long-run sustainability. Moreover, the philosophical foundations of nature from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an are: the creation of the best system and the need to preserve it; existence of wisdom; Precedence of cultivation over education; land development; trustworthiness and human dignity and responsibility; environmental protection; However, in a secular point of view they are: elimination of metaphysics and anthropocentric character.

Conclusion: Environmental sustainability is not only related to economic issues, but rather it is more about providing a moral and technological model based on ethics and spirituality, which is different in the philosophical foundations of Islam and secular in this field. Considering the superiority of the Islamic perspective in all areas of life, based on the philosophical foundations found in the Holy Quran and the Islamic perspective and the fact that a single model for all countries in the direction of environmental sustainability cannot be drawn especially for the most important environmental performance indicators and the local conditions of different countries must be taken into account, therefore, the ethical model of environmental sustainability includes: the priority of paying attention to the unique creator, wisdom and purpose of the creation of the world; considering the duty of humans towards the earth and maintaining its value and responsibility towards it and ultimately the prosperity of the earth, performance is based on sustainability indicators that should be cultured through educational and training centers and media.

Background and Aim: Among the new leadership theories that have solved the weaknesses and problems of traditional leadership approaches, is the ethical leadership that emphasizes on providing appropriate behavior as a norm in personal actions, interpersonal relationships and persuading followers. The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of ethical leadership on innovation performance with the mediating role of human capital and social capital.

Methods: The current research is practical in terms of purpose and survey based in terms of implementation. In order to collect data, Olah and Jamil (2020) questionnaire is used. Total reliability is 0.900. The statistical population of the current research will include Iran insurance employees in Tehran, whose number is 450. With the help of Cochran's formula, the sample size of 207 people was estimated and simple random sampling method was chosen for research sampling.

Ethical Considerations: The participants completed the questionnaires knowing the objectives of the research.

Results: In order to test the hypotheses, structural equation method, partial least squares analysis test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were used. Finally, data analysis was done using Smart PLS 4 software, and the data analysis indicates the significance and confirmation of the hypotheses.

Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that ethical leadership has a significant effect on the performance of innovation with the mediating role of human capital and social capital and therefore it is necessary for managers to try to gain sufficient knowledge of employees so that they can at the right time use their abilities. The correct use of human resources makes it successful, which will lead to the success of the entire work unit.

Background and Aim: Considering the role of the quality of married life in the psychological strength of the family and the dynamics of marital relationships, it is necessary to investigate its effective and determining factors, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of moral intelligence and mental strength in the quality of married life of married teachers.

Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational. The research population included all the married teachers of Gonabad city in the academic year of 2022-23, from among them 330 samples were selected based on Gujarsi and Morgan's table, using stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools included the moral intelligence questionnaires of Lennick & Kiel (2007), psychological strength of Clough et al. (2002) and quality of marital relationship by Rust et al. (2010). To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and multiple regressions were used simultaneously using SPSS 24 software.

Ethical Considerations: The ethical principles of Helsinki were observed in the compilation of this research and the participants answered the questionnaires knowing the objectives of the research.

Results: The results showed that the relationship between moral intelligence and mental strength with the quality of married life was positive and significant (p<0.01) and the predictor variable, i.e. the components of moral intelligence and mental strength, were able to predict the quality of married life of married teachers.

Conclusion: The research findings point to the importance of moral intelligence and mental strength in the quality of married life, so increasing moral intelligence and mental strength leads to the improvement of the quality of married life.

Background and Aim: Hypocrisy, as an immoral act, is a broad category whose history goes back to the history of the formation of human relations and social masses, and from the past until now, it has been a common issue among humans and deserves a specialized look. Hypocrisy can be in two forms, permanent or momentary, and it can occur in all jobs. One of the consequences of unethical leadership styles is organizational hypocrisy. Hypocrisy is a kind of lie based on which a person wants to justify himself to others. The aim of the current research was to investigate hypocrisy among teachers and analyze solutions in the school environment from the perspective of the teachers themselves.

Methods: In the present research, the critical paradigm, qualitative approach, content analysis strategy and hidden content analysis tactics were used in the form of text. The field of research included the teachers of Kurdistan province with a focus on Sanandaj city, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method with the criteria of "being an elementary school teacher" and "having experience with the concept of hypocrisy in the workplace". The research tool was a semi-structured interview made by the researcher, which was conducted with forty-two teachers (20 women and 22 men) with the criterion of saturation of answers. The data analysis method was open and axial coding.

Ethical Considerations: The adherence of the researchers to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki has been considered throughout the research period.

Results: Findings in four themes and each theme in several categories and concepts and were categorized in four stages: definition and meaning of hypocrisy, examples of hypocrisy in teachers, causes of hypocrisy among teachers and solutions to reduce hypocrisy among teachers.

Conclusion: The phenomenon of hypocrisy, first: It does not exist among all teachers. Secondly: In the teaching class, it is less compared to other jobs. Thirdly: This depends on the individual, the society and the type of education; Which means it is completely relative. Fourth: hypocrisy in school may be due to its prevalence in society.

Background and Aim: Anger and rage (violence), alcohol consumption, untimely sexual relations and such behaviors are unethical and risky behaviors that harm the individual and others. Some teenagers are tending or even experiencing such unethical behaviors, but parents adopt care strategies based on moral principles and with innate responsibility to prevent these behaviors from occurring; Triple care strategies (inefficient, impulsive and procedural) are family-based interventions that are used by the family. Families have differences in socio-economic status according to their societies; the aim of the research is the typology of care strategies based on socio-economic status in order to prepare for the acquisition of more effective care strategies.

Methods: This research is quantitative and descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all the families of Tabriz city, 384 families were selected by multi-stage cluster method. In order to collect information, two measurement tools were used (checklist of strategies for taking care of high-risk behaviors and questionnaire of socio-economic status of the family). One-way analysis of variance (F) and linear regression were used to investigate the relationships between variables.

Ethical Considerations: By informing the respondents about the research process and after ensuring their full satisfaction, the answers were done in compliance with the principle of confidentiality.

Results: The findings show that the average strategies for taking care of risky and unethical behaviors are significantly different based on the socio-economic status of the family. Higher socio-economic classes choose better care strategies than lower classes.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, families with medium and low socio-economic status use ineffective care strategies; In order to correct this situation, it is necessary to make decisions to implement cultural-educational intervention policies to improve family care strategies.

Background and Aim: Reducing test anxiety based on mindfulness is a group program that takes place with an Islamic approach based on verses and narrations. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of mindfulness training based on verses and narrations on reducing students' test anxiety.

Methods: This research was reviewed by quasi-experimental research method through pretest and posttest with two groups, control and experiment. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Khorramabad in the academic year 2020-21 and 50 people were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups and evaluated in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Spielberger test anxiety questionnaire was used to collect information. The intervention method was 8 sessions of mindfulness training based on verses and narrations. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

Ethical Considerations: In compiling this article, ethical aspects including preserving the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness and satisfaction and informing have been observed.

Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that The pre-test and post-test average of the experimental group for the test anxiety variable is 49.16, 31.36 and 38.04, respectively and the control group's pre-test and post-test average is 52.68, 53.00 and 53.25.

Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, mindfulness based on verses and narrations can be used to reduce exam anxiety among female students. In this regard, it is suggested that teachers consider mindfulness training based on verses and narrations as part of their teaching process.

Background and Aim: Anencephaly is a congenital problem caused by a defect in the neural canal that occurs when the baby's brain, skull, and scalp do not grow in the mother's womb. Babies born with such defects die within hours or days; Due to their complications, these babies can be considered good donors by nature, and many patients' lives can be saved from their organs. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the ethical bases of anencephalic organ donation.

Methods: In this study, after a targeted search and review of sources, the ethical components of organ donation for anencephalic patients have been explained analytically.

Ethical Considerations: The norms related to ethics in research and trustworthiness in citing the texts and references of the article have been fully observed.

Results: Ethical analysis of organ donation of anencephalic patients can take an effective and useful step in response to the permissibility or non-permissibility of organ donation of these patients, because by measuring the four principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence, nonmaleficence, permission for organ donation of anencephalic patients is not taken and only based on the principle beneficence If from the perspective of the principle of consequentialist ethics, we mean the type of universalism of consequentialist ethics, then we can tolerantly comment on the permission to donate non-head organs of these patients with conditions such as knowing that they will not be wasted, obtaining consent from their parents and the necessity of saving the lives of needy children.

Conclusion: The comparison and application of the four principles of applied ethics in organ donation for anencephalic patients shows the importance and benefit of this matter at the present time, which should be taken into consideration by observing the ethical limits resulting from the analysis of the aforementioned principles.

Background and Aim: The rapid development of technology is one of the most important components of today's world. It is necessary to carefully determine the advantages and disadvantages of any new technology before using it. Production of genetically modified plants is also a new technology in food production. Planting these plants can create various ethical issues for the environment. The purpose of this article is to investigate the most important ethical challenges of planting genetically modified plants for the environment.

Methods: The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the collection of information was done in a library way.

Ethical Considerations: In writing this article, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Results: In order to investigate the environmental issues of the production of genetically modified foods, it is necessary to identify harmful consequences, determine the probability of their occurrence and explain the reasons for considering them undesirable. Adverse effects on non-target organisms, gene transfer, threats to biodiversity and invasion of other habitats are among the most important environmental consequences of the production of genetically modified foods.

Conclusion: Based on the principle of non-harm, the production of genetically modified plants should not harm the safety and health of humans and the environment. Planting genetically modified plants can have adverse effects on the environment and create various ethical challenges for the environment. Although, based on the available evidence, it is not possible to determine the probability of the occurrence of these consequences definitively, but due to the value and irreparability of the identified damages, the amount of the expected value increases and as a result, it is necessary to consider these problems in making decisions.

Background and Aim: Observance of ethical principles and preservation of moral values is one of the issues that are paid more attention in educational organizations. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the factors affecting ethical leadership in educational organizations and providing a model using a qualitative meta-composite approach.

Methods: The current research was conducted in the framework of a qualitative approach and using the meta-combination method with the seven-step approach of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). The statistical population under study includes all Persian and English researches and studies published in the field of ethical leadership between 1380 and 1401. In this regard, the keyword "Ethical leadership" were searched and the obtained articles and documents were examined using the purposeful sampling method and according to the acceptance criteria, and finally 34 articles that were of the criteria those included in the study were analyzed using the three-stage coding method (open, central, selective) by MaxQDA 2020 software.

Ethical Considerations: In the current research, the ethical aspects of library study, including the authenticity of texts, honesty and trustworthiness, have been observed.

Results: Based on the results of data analysis, 190 open codes were identified for data collection, which were categorized into 3 main categories and 16 subcategories. The results showed that three individual factors (personality, moral behavior, belief, motivation and moral character, spirituality, moral awareness), organizational (leadership styles, management styles, organizational culture, ethical decision-making, organizational atmosphere, organizational perspective, Management behavior) and environment (family education, moral environment, social culture) has an effect on the creation of ethical leadership in educational organizations.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it is suggested that educational managers, by adorning themselves with ethical ornaments, should pay attention to ethical considerations in addition to managerial considerations and try to establish an ethical leadership style.

Background and Aim: Today, universities need collective responsibility, evaluation ethics and moral leadership to continue their existence. Meanwhile, professional development as a mediating variable plays a constructive role in improving the knowledge and skills of faculty members to achieve these goals. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of ethical leadership and professional development on the evaluation ethics and collective responsibility of academic staff members of Tabriz University.

Methods: The present research method is descriptive of the correlation type and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research includes all academic staff members of Tabriz University in the academic year of 2017-2018 in the number of 800 people, using proportional stratified random sampling method and according to Krejcie and Morgan's table, 260 people as the sample was selected. To collect research data from Brown & et al (2005) ethical leadership questionnaires, professional development Safari Zanjani (2019), evaluation ethics Naeini & et al (2008) and collective responsibility Logerfo & Goddard (2008) was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to check the validity of the questionnaires and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires. The calculated coefficients were 0.91, 0.83, 0.80 and 0.81, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation method and SPSS 24 and LISREL 8.8 software.

Ethical Considerations: The objectives of the research and the confidentiality of information were explained to the participants and their informed consent was obtained.

Results: The results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of ethical leadership and collective responsibility (β=0.39), ethical leadership and professional development (β=0.56). At the same time, there is a positive and significant relationship between professional development and evaluation ethics (β=0.34) and professional development and collective responsibility (β=0.35). In addition, the mediating role of professional development was confirmed in the model. By confirming the role of professional development, ethical leadership has an indirect, positive and significant effect on evaluation ethics with a coefficient (β=0.19) and ethical leadership has an indirect, positive and significant effect on collective responsibility with a coefficient (β=0.20).

Conclusion: The results showed that any increase in the amount of ethical leadership will be accompanied by an increase in the desire for professional development of faculty members in the university and any increase in the amount of professional development will be accompanied by an increase in the amount of collective responsibility and evaluation ethics of faculty members.

Background and Aim: Professors play an important role in the process of teaching students; This is important for clinical professors of medical sciences universities, considering that their relationship is direct and at work with students and patients, it causes the institutionalization of professional ethics and character in students, therefore the professional ethics of clinical professors should be given more attention. So, the aim of this research is to identify the indicators and components of professional ethics of clinical professors of the University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is research synthesis. The research community is all articles (183 articles) that have been presented in specialized and scientific databases from 2014 to 2023 about the components of professional ethics of clinical professors of medical sciences. The sample of the research is 30 articles, which have been selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical data saturation and purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied documents.

Ethical Considerations: In writing the article, ethical aspects including preserving the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Results: By analyzing the data, the axes of professional ethics of clinical professors of medical sciences in 4 dimensions, 13 factors and 65 categories including individual-personality dimension (including components such as intrapersonal and extrapersonal components); then environmental-clinical components (including components such as attention to learning culture, clinical constructivism and ethics in the clinical environment); Specialized professional dimension (including components such as research-oriented and professional development, professional commitment, specialization-oriented and professional belonging) and managerial-organizational dimension (including elements such as attention to organizational values), financial and economic management and strengthening organizational initiative and creativity, were classified.

Conclusion: The results showed that the components and indicators of professional ethics of clinical professors, in addition to individual dimensions, include organizational, managerial and professional expertise dimensions and medical sciences universities in the field of clinical professor’s selection and their annual evaluation should consider these things.

Background and Aim: The future of every society depends on the social growth and health of its students, and a society will remain stable that is successful in preserving, maintaining and educating its children, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of moral intelligence education on the social growth and psychological health of students.

Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The research population included the entire sixth grade female students of one district of Karaj in the academic year of 2022-23, 30 people were selected by available sampling method from among the eligible students in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group) were placed. The data collection tools were social development questionnaire Whitman (1990) and psychological health scale World Health Organization (2000). The experimental group received training on the components of moral intelligence in eight sessions of 60 minutes once a week, but the control group did not receive any intervention. To analyze the data, mean and standard deviation and multivariate covariance analysis method were used with the help of SPSS 24 software.

Ethical Considerations: In this research, the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness were respected and the participants answered the questionnaires knowing the objectives of the research.

Results: The results showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference between the average social growth and post-test psychological health of the experimental group and the control group (P<0.01).

Conclusion: Moral intelligence training is effective in increasing the social growth and psychological health of students and can be used by school psychologists and counselors.

Background and Aim: Studying factors affecting the vandalistic behavior of teenagers, especially students, has always been one of the main concerns of educational system researchers. In recent years, there have been conducted many researches regarding the vandalistic behaviors, but the main point in these researches is the lack of dominance over all aspects of this issue. Therefore, using the meta-analysis method, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing and combining the findings of the researches considering the factors affecting students' vandalistic behaviors.

Methods: The research method in the present study is meta-analysis, and its statistical population consists all of the researches conducted on the subject of vandalistic behavior in Iran during 2011-2023. After going through the specific steps (searching, screening, testing the eligibility and inclusion), sampling was done and 26 researches were selected as the sample of study. After coding, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA2) was used to analyze the collected data.

Ethical Considerations: Scientific trustworthiness has been observed with careful reference to the researches. 

Results: The most important factors affecting the vandalistic behavior of Iranian students are: feeling of alienation (0.51), feeling of relative deprivation (0.37), family social capital (-0.32), socialization (-0.31), social capital (-0.25), feeling of discrimination and injustice (-0.22), academic status (0.20), having delinquent friends (0.20) and feeling of belonging to school (-0.17).

Conclusion: The research findings provide the basis for more detailed and precise research in the field of social problems and vandalistic behavior of students.

Background and Aim: Teaching the Holy Quran to students is one of the important goals in the education system of the country. One of the important goals of teaching the Quran is to pay attention to the ethics and moral education of learners; on the other hand, teaching the Holy Quran based on ethics is one of the important fields in education. The educational history of Imams (AS) is known as a comprehensive model in the teaching of the Holy Quran, which is full of educational and moral teachings. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the moral indicators of teaching recitation of the Holy Quran based on the perspective of the Imams of Athar (PBUH).

Methods: This research is qualitative and the method of research is synthesis. The research community is all the articles (374 articles) that have been presented in specialized and scientific databases from 2008 to 2023 about ethics in the teaching of the Holy Quran based on the biography of Imams Athar (AS). The sample of the research is 18 articles, which were selected based on thematic monitoring, theoretical saturation of data and purposefully. The research data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied documents.

Ethical Considerations: In writing the article, ethical aspects including preserving the authenticity of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

Results: By analyzing the data, the moral indicators in the teaching of the Holy Quran in 4 dimensions, 11 factors and 56 categories including the emotional dimension in the teaching of the Holy Quran (emotional competence, jihadi spirit, Oswah and central model); Cognitive ethical dimension in the teaching of the Holy Quran (thematic knowledge and educational knowledge), ethical attitude dimension in the teaching of the Holy Quran (manners, commitment and responsibility, purposefulness and programmatic attitude) and the ethical dimension of skills (Practice and perseverance, central interaction, application of Quranic learning) was organized.

Conclusion: The results showed that the components and moral indicators of teaching the Holy Quran based on the educational history of Imams (AS) include skill, writing and emotional aspects in addition to specialized dimensions.

Background and Aim: The commission of anti-green crimes by natural or legal persons is increasing and endangers global coexistence (the right to a healthy environment), so that the United Nations has acted as an international actor and by approving binding documents has expressed his concern in this regard. In the current research, environmental discriminatory criminal policy is investigated from the perspective of the United Nations and its localization in Iranian law.

Methods: The research is applied in terms of type and purpose and descriptive in terms of nature and method and information was collected through document review and data collection.

Ethical Considerations: Scientific honesty and trustworthiness have been observed in all stages of writing the research.

Results: The proposed strategies are clearly visible at two levels, supra-legislative and legislative. These strategies have been proposed in some domestic laws as well as in some international documents by the activists of the international community and by localizing them, a valuable step can be taken towards an efficient criminal policy.

Conclusion: Preventive policies against environmental crimes can be seen in the form of individual-oriented and situation-oriented preventive policies. Regarding the substantive criminal strategy, we can refer to the green differential criminalization strategy. In the field of formal criminal law, strategies can be identified and introduced. Of course, green restorative strategies can also be mentioned in environmental criminal policy.

Background and Aim: Pop music fans form a group that creates common norms and beliefs according to conversational and common sense. As a result, social structures and order are created temporarily. In the life-world of activists who gather around pop music and concert, ethics and its themes are also affected by the same order and arrangement.

Methods: This article pays attention to Howard Becker's paradigm and using ethnomethodology (in theoretical and methodological aspects), has critically studied the moral themes of pop music. Based on purposeful and theoretical sampling, 85 lyrics of 34 famous pop singers within 2021-23 have been analyzed. The data analysis method is inductive thematic analysis.

Ethical Considerations: Aspects related to interests and benefits have been observed. The data are authentic, reliable, trustworthy and non-sensitive.

Results: The overarching theme is romantic relationships. Also, 9 organizing themes include virtues, vices, preparations, level and intensity, requirements, effects and results, threats and dangers, expectations and aspirations and ideals. The basic themes under each of the nine themes form sub-themes.

Conclusion: In the results and interpretation, attention has been paid to the following topics: folk culture, worldview structures, types and levels of ethics, idealization of lifestyle, real-fantasy ethics, simulation, pseudo-charismatic personality of the singer, satisfaction of feelings, monopoly of pop genre and themes, epicurean logic, taste making, market logic, economy of culture and art, art agents and network.

Background and Aim: The spread of infectious diseases (such as cholera, smallpox and plague) has always caused many casualties in the country in the past centuries. In line with the existing experiences in this field, various measures were taken, including: teaching how to prevent and treat these types of diseases within the framework of the country's education system, passing the law on How to Prevent Sexually Transmitted and Contagious Diseases in 1320 and establishing the Department of Combating Infectious Diseases in the Ministry of Health in 1328.

Methods: The research method in the current basic research, descriptive-analytical and library-based, has investigated the existing laws and regulations in the legal system of Iran and other countries in the field of infectious disease control.

Ethical Considerations: In this research, the principles of trustworthiness, honesty, neutrality and originality of the work have been observed.

Results: Criticism of the laws and regulations of infectious diseases and experiences resulting from them; Denoting: the limitation of the range of existing regulations to a region or livestock and poultry or humans or a specific disease (exemplary regulations such as cholera or plague), the ineffectiveness of the existing regulations for implementation at the national level, the lack of up-to-date regulations and inconsistency between the relevant institutions.

Conclusion: Finally, by comparing the laws of other countries, it is concluded that the attitude of Iran's legal system towards infectious diseases is only as an event with a limited scope (local and exemplary). It is suggested that over time and with the emergence or reappearance of infectious diseases, more general regulations should be established.

Background and Aim: Social skills are learned and socially approved behaviors that facilitate interactions with others, enhance quality of life and play a crucial role in effective communication and social acceptance. The aim of this study was to develop a structural equation model of social skills based on parenting styles and cultural capital.

Methods: The research employed a survey method. The statistical population consisted of all high school students in public and private schools in District 4 of Tabriz. The sample size was determined to be 750 individuals using Cochran’s formula. A multistage stratified sampling method was used, with random selection from each stratum. To measure the variables, standardized questionnaires were utilized, including the Matson Social Skills Questionnaire (1983), Baumrind’s Parenting Style Questionnaire (1973), Bennett’s Questionnaire (2005) and Sullivan’s Questionnaire (2001). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for model evaluation.

Ethical Considerations: In writing and compiling this article, ethical principles, including maintaining the authenticity of texts, honesty and integrity and obtaining informed consent, were upheld.

Results: The results indicated that the fit indices of the conceptual model were at an acceptable level and the evaluated model had a good fit with the data. The goodness-of-fit indices for the structural model of social skills showed that the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.079, which falls within the normal range. Additionally, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness-of-fit index (AGFI), incremental fit index (IFI), comparative fit index (CFI) and normed fit index (NFI) were all above 0.9, indicating a reasonable fit. The chi-square value was 175.8, confirming the suitability of the social skills structural model and the overall good fit of the proposed model.

Conclusion: Overall, cultural capital influences the cognitive and behavioral changes in parents, which in turn are reflected in their parenting styles and the development of their children’s social skills.