چالشهای اخلاقی کاشت گیاهان اصلاحشده ژنتیکی برای محیط زیست
مجله اخلاق زیستی- علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 13 شماره 38 (1402),
28 خرداد 2023
,
صفحه 1-16
https://doi.org/10.22037/bioeth.v13i38.42047
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: پیشرفت سریع فناوری از مهمترین مؤلفههای جهان امروز است. سنجش دقیق سود و زیان هر فناوری جدید قبل از استفاده از آن ضروری است. تولید گیاهان اصلاحشده ژنتیکی نیز یک فناوری جدید در تولید غذاست. کاشت این گیاهان میتواند مسائل اخلاقی مختلفی را برای محیط زیست ایجاد کند. هدف از این مقاله بررسی مهمترین چالشهای اخلاقی کاشت گیاهان اصلاحشده ژنتیکی برای محیط زیست است.
روش: روش پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است و گردآوری اطلاعات به شیوه کتابخانهای انجام شده است.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: در نگارش این مقاله، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است.
یافتهها: برای بررسی مسائل زیستمحیطی تولید غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی باید به تشخیص پیامدهای مضر، تعیین احتمال وقوع آنها و تبیین و توضیح علل نامطلوبدانستن آنها پرداخت. اثرات نامطلوب بر موجودات غیر هدف، انتقال افق ژن، تهدید تنوع زیستی و تهاجم به زیستگاههای دیگر از مهمترین پیامدهای زیستمحیطی تولید غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی هستند.
نتیجهگیری: بر اساس اصل زیاننرسانی تولید گیاهان اصلاحشده ژنتیکی نباید به ایمنی و سلامت انسان و محیط زیست آسیب برساند. تولید و کاشت گیاهان اصلاحشده ژنتیکی میتواند تأثیرات نامطلوبی برای محیط زیست داشته باشد و چالشهای اخلاقی مختلفی را برای محیط زیست ایجاد کند. اگرچه بر اساس شواهد موجود نمیتوان احتمال وقوع این پیامدها را به صورت قطعی تعیین کرد، اما با توجه به ارزشمندی و غیر قابل جبرانبودن خسارات مشخصشده مقدار ارزش مورد انتظار بالا میرود و در نتیجه در نظرگرفتن این معضلات در تصمیمگیریها ضروری است.
- گیاهان اصلاحشده ژنتیکی
- اصل زیاننرسانی
- محیط زیست
ارجاع به مقاله
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