From a long time ago, the issue of justice and the discussions related to it have been considered by people as important and the majority of experts have proposed strategies in this regard. Therefore, justice has been considered as an ambition to humans. On the other hand, the opposite point of justice is injustice and unfair discriminations, which have always been accompanied by oppression and infringing upon human rights.

Please cite this article as: Fani M. The Role of Justice in Controlling a Global Pandemic. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;7(4):1-6. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v7i4.36463

Background and Objective: Organizational health is the ability of an organization to reach its goals effectively in order to achieve growth and development. Organizational health refers to the permanence and survival of the organization in its environment and adaptation to it and the promotion and expansion of its ability to further adapt to the environment. Therefore, investigating the factors affecting organizational health needs special consideration. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to study the relationship between spiritual health and organizational health among the Staff of the Qom University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population includes 150 staff of Qom University of Medical Sciences. In order to collect the necessary data, 108 respondents were determined as the minimum number of the sample size using Krejcie and Morgan’s table. To collect data, two standardized questionnaires were used for measuring spiritual health and organizational health after confirming the reliability and validity. Further, for data analysis, correlation coefficients were used. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Results: The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between spiritual health and organizational health. Further, the results show that the statistical population enjoys a moderate level of organizational health and high level of spiritual health.

Conclusion: In summary, it can be claimed that spiritual health is one of the factors which can predict organizational health. Therefore, in order to improve the level of organizational health, managers of organizations can pay attention to spiritual health to achieve competitive advantage.

Background and Objective: Despite the studies which demonstrate that religious fields influence the prisoners' compatibility with prison, the role of prisons' religious concentration on the mental health of prisoners is still ambiguous and unknown. Accordingly, the present study investigates the relationship between the mental health of prisoners on the verge of being released in Kerman and Yazd.

Methods: The present study is descriptive-correlational and the statistical population includes 743 prisoners who are about to be released in prisons of Kerman and Yazd provinces. Data were collected using Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire and Glock and Stark Religiosity Questionnaire in accordance with all ethical consideration and analyzed by Pearson correlation test and stepwise multivariate regression. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Results: The results showed that although the prisoners had a low level of mental health, the level of their religiosity was in a suitable condition. The correlation between the parameters of religiosity and mental health of the prisoners showed that the increase in religiosity in the belief and intellectual dimensions reduced their social dysfunctions. The increase of religiosity in the ritualistic dimension also reduced their anxiety. The results of linear regression showed that the ritualistic, belief and intellectual dimensions of religiosity have a more predictive effect on the mental health of the prisoners.

Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that there is a positive relationship between the belief dimension of religiosity and the mental health of prisoners on the verge of being released, which highlights the importance of addressing this dimension in the prison's cultural programs.

Background and Objective: Students are more in need of mental health considering the importance and direct impact they have on the growth, development and progress of the society and since they are considered as the efficient and specialized forces of the future for the society and due to the special conditions of the student period such as being away from family, entering a large and stressful complex, economic problems, high volume of courses and intense competition. It seems that there is a relationship between mental health and religious beliefs and social intelligence in the students. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of religious beliefs and social intelligence in predicting the mental health of students at Payame Noor University of Khoy.

Methods: The present study was descriptive and performed through multivariate regression and Pearson correlation. For this purpose, from the statistical population of undergraduate students in Payame Noor University of Khoy using Fidell and Tabachnick’s formulas, a sample of 120 people (60 girls and 60 boys) were selected by random cluster sampling method in the academic year 2016-2017. From the questionnaire, 28 questions of Goldberg mental health question, 25 questions of Baraheni religious attitude and 21 questions of Tromso social intelligence were completed by the participants and the results were analyzed using multivariate regression and pearson correlation. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the author of the article did not reported any conflict of interest.

Results: The maximum age of the studied students was in the age group of 20-25 (78.3%) and the maximum number of students was related to technical fields. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between religious beliefs and general, mental and psychological health and between social awareness and public health (R=0.71 and P<0.01)

Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be stated that the higher the religious beliefs and beliefs of the people, the better the public health and also the people who have higher social awareness and knowledge have a better and more appropriate general health of the public.

Background and Objective: Addiction is one of the great challenges of human societies today. Students are one of the groups that commonly take drugs. The aim of this study was to examine the role of Islamic coping strategies in the prediction of addiction susceptibility in female students.

Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all female students of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch of Science and Research, out of whom 274 were selected by accessible sampling method. Research instruments used in the study included a checklist of demographic information (researcher-made form), Islamic Coping Strategies Scale developed by EhteshamZadeh and Weed and Butcher’s Addiction Potential Scale. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article did not reported any conflict of interest.

Results: The mean (and standard deviation) age of students was 28.12 (and 9.31). The results showed a negative and significant relationship between addiction susceptibility and the Islamic coping strategies and the components of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral coping strategies (P<0.05). Also, regression analysis showed that 36% and 39% of the variance in susceptibility to addiction were negatively and significantly predictable based on the total score of Islamic coping strategies and the score of Islamic coping strategies components, respectively.

Conclusion: In order to reduce addiction in students, an atmosphere of familiarity and attention to Islamic concepts should be provided to not only raise their awareness about drugs and their effects, but to promote their ability to actively deal with the failures in life using Islamic coping strategies.

Background and Objective: Virtual networks are the most popular means of communication and information exchange, the widespread use of which has led to addiction. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between moral disengagement and addiction to virtual networks.

Methods: The research method used in the present study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all male students in the second year of high school in Ardabil public schools in the academic year of 2019-2020. From this community, a sample of 360 people was randomly selected by multi-stage cluster sampling and answered the questionnaires of addiction to virtual networks, moral awareness, and spiritual intelligence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural relationships. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors of the article did not report any conflict of interest.

Results: The results of correlation coefficient showed that addiction to networks has a positive relationship with the score related to moral disengagement and its components and a negative relationship with the total score of spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence also has a negative relationship with the overall score related to moral disengagement and its components (moral justification, useful comparison, resourceful language, shifting responsibility, spreading responsibility and inhumanity). Model fitness indicators also have confirmed the lack of effect of moral disengagement on becoming addicted to virtual networks through the mediation of spiritual intelligence.

Conclusion: Considering the role of moral disengagement and spiritual intelligence in addiction to virtual networks, holding educational workshops in schools to inform students about the effects of addiction to virtual networks and teaching aggression management skills and improving the level of spiritual intelligence is recommended.

Background and Objective: Today, cyberspace and social networks and satellites, as one of the hallmarks of modern communication technology, have a powerful place in human personal and social life, affecting the personal and social lives of individuals and families. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of satellite use and social networks in marital satisfaction and intimacy.

Methods: The method used in this study is descriptive correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women in Qom in 2019, out of whom 144 were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. Enrich Short Form Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire and Bachelor Marriage Intimacy Questionnaire were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and no conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Results: The findings showed that the effect of amount of cyberspace use on intimacy variable (P=0.02) and marital satisfaction (P=0.000) was significant, meaning that with a one-unit increase in the amount of space use and satellite, intimacy decreases, and this trend also applies to marital satisfaction, meaning that marital satisfaction is reduced as the result of the use of cyberspace and satellite.

Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that excessive use of social networks can have a negative impact on the family institution and create an innate conflict for couples.

Background and Objective: Being meaningful leads to happiness and enables people to interpret events and to develop values ​​for themselves about how human lives and what s/he wants in life. Since the Holy Quran has presented the way of living a meaningful life, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of teaching the ways of finding meaning based on the Quranic teachings on the happiness of female theologians in Qom.

Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test control group design conducted as a group consultation in eight sessions. The statistical population of this study included all female theologians studying in the first semester in 2019 academic year in Qom. The sample population of this study was 60 female theologians aged between 18 to 25 years in the undergraduate level, who voluntarily enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into two control and experiment groups. The research instrument was the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The descriptive and analytical statistical methods (analysis of covariance) were used to analyze the data. In the present study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors declared no conflict of interest.

Results: The results of data analysis showed that the mean happiness score for the experimental group was 94.51+31.40 before the intervention and 130.13+14.87 after group counseling. As a result, the ways of finding meaning based on Quranic teachings were effective in the level of happiness of religious scholars (P<0.001).

Conclusion: As the Quran verses have explained the ways of living a meaningful life, the concepts of Holy Quran are suggested to be used for students and theologians to create happiness.

Background and Objective: Religion is an important part of culture and the most important factor influencing the behavior and actions of individuals. Today, with globalization, the growth of technology and rationality, the way of thinking about the world, religion and related values has changed, and rationality has provided the basis for differences in the views. Hijab is one of the essential precepts of the religion that is different in different divine religions such as Zoroastrianism, Judaism and Christianity. In the world of the West and the East, hijab has created many challenges with its many pros and cons. The present study tries to investigate female students’ attitude towards the type of clothing and its relationship with religious beliefs in the Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in 2018.

Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The sample population included students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, out of whom 360 from different faculties were selected by simple random sampling and administered two questionnaires related to attitude to the type of student clothing and assessment of religious beliefs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors declared no conflict of interest.

Results: The results showed that out of the 360 participants, 313 were single and 47 were married. Mean and standard deviation were (3.49±0.72) for students' religious participation, (3.89±0.74) for adherence to beliefs, (4.16±0.86) for observance of religious issues and (3.85±0.58) for total religious beliefs. Also, observance of religious issues and the status of students’ hijab were significantly correlated with the increase in students' academic semesters (P<0.05). Attitude toward the type of clothing and the level of religious beliefs of the female students was also significantly correlated with their field of study (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The results point to the conclusion that in addition to improving the academic level of students, university has also played its role as a scientific, cultural, and social institution based on the beliefs and religious behavior of officials and professors.

Background and Objective: Spiritual health is one of the dimensions of health that affects other dimensions. The definition and consequently the criteria of spiritual health are different in different worldviews. The question addressed in this study is “what are the criteria of spiritual health from the perspective of the Qur'an?”.

Methods: This is a content analysis study that categorizes prohibitions based on the promise of torment, will and repetition, as well as matters based on repetition in the Qur'an and is abstracted from the affairs of time and place. Criteria were extracted. The authors declared no conflict of interest in this study.

Results: The extracted criteria include valuing life, accepting and rejecting propositions with reason, accepting useful propositions and rejecting useless ones, learning related propositions, believing in God and not disbelieving in Him, believing in monotheism and  abstinence from polytheism, belief in the entertaining nature of life in this world and the real life in the hereafter, regarding all human beings as equal and similar, regarding believers in God as brothers, not thinking badly of others, regarding the nature as a sign of God, having the love of God in heart, being calm by remembrance of God, not rejoicing over achievements and not grieving over the loss of possessions, not liking praise for what s/he has not done, loving other people, having empathy and sympathy, not being jealous, bearing no grudge, alignment of man's will with that of God, not wanting worldly life and its adornments and wanting the hereafter, being benevolent to other human beings, not lying about God, not bothering God and the Prophet, not making fun of others and not calling them with bad titles, not spreading immorality, telling the truth, being obedient to God, not deviating people from the path to God, desires management, not having hypocrisy, not creating sedition, protecting people's property, not killing humans, not harming humans, being fair and supportive, developing the land,  not doing corruption on the earth, avoiding extravagance, not killing or harming animals and helping the animals.

Conclusion: The higher the spiritual health is, the greater the degree of fulfillment of the criteria in human being. Therefore, we should try to adorn ourselves with the mentioned criteria as much as possible in human society.

Background and Objective: Modern and Traditional Medicine pay serious attention to causes of illnesses in the treatment of diseases. Understanding the cause is the first step in the fundamental treatment of diseases. The purpose of this article is to examine how committing sins affects some physical illnesses and to explain its models based on Islamic teachings.

Methods: This is a library-based and content analysis study. Initially, by searching the authentic Islamic sources, Jameu Al-Tafaseer, Jameu Al-Ahadith software, the primary data related to the research question were collected from databases such as Noormags, SID, Magiran, and ISC. These data were then analyzed according to the purpose of the study and their results were categorized. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Results: Findings show that sins are one of the factors contributing to some physical illnesses; Verses and traditions have confirmed this effect. Analysis of the findings showed that this effect can be explained by three models: direct effect by causing dysfunction of organs, indirect effect by causing mental and psychological problems and the immaterial effect.

Conclusion: Given the law of causality and the mutual effect of material and immaterial beings, committing sins is naturally a movement against the creation system and this lack of harmony with the creation system can cause some disturbances in the existence system including the human body causing physical illnesses.

Background and Objective: Positive psychology is one of important branches of psychology that investigates the psychological positive aspects of human such as well-being, welfare and experiences of flow. Optimism is of this kind of variables and many studies on optimism show that optimists have a better status in terms of psychological variables compared to others, which is one of indexes of mental health. It may be understood that the closest concept to optimism in religious contexts is “favorable opinion” meaning “good thoughts”. The objective of this study is to investigate “favorable opinion” as a mental health index from the perspective of Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya and explain its difference with optimism.

Methods: This study was carried out using analytical and interpretive method by referring to the Quran verses and narrations of other infallibles with an emphasis on Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya and comparative analysis of the psychological findings. The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Results: Favorable opinion has various concepts in Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya. In spite of optimism in psychology, which is interpreted from an “individual” and “human” perspective, favorable opinionin Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya is interpreted from a “God” and “Human” aspects.

Conclusion: The most important innovative aspect of this research is studying the concept of favorable opinionin all supplications of Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjdiyya and interpretive use of the Quranic verses and narrations to show the influence of favorable opinionon mental health. Results of this study show that favorable opinion of God and human may cause spiritual peace, reduction of grief and better communication with the others. These features cause mental health. In spite of some common subscriptions, “favorable opinion” and “optimism” have some differences. A major difference between them, as emphasized in religious contexts is that the human must fully trust God while such a view is not a scientific approach about optimism in psychology. Finally, considering the differences between these two concepts, it may be concluded that the concept of “favorable opinion” is wider and deeper compared to optimism.