Contemporary humans, despite benefiting from the beauties and attractions of worldly life, find themselves in an unstable and troubled state, seeking a fundamental meaning and purpose for their existence and life. Therefore, the inclination toward spirituality in its diverse forms is considered a response to this inner quest. Indeed, the human dimension of meaning possesses an inherent capacity to guide all aspects of life

Background and Objective: Spiritual care is recognized as a vital element in enhancing the quality of life for patients at the end of their lives. This type of care, by focusing on psychological, spiritual, and ethical needs, plays a fundamental role in facilitating the acceptance process and reducing stress associated with advanced diseases. Considering the complexities of this sensitive stage, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing evidence-based recommendations for spiritual care for patients at the end-of-life stage.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods study conducted in several phases. The qualitative phase involved content analysis of semi-structured interviews with 18 participants. In the second phase, a systematic search and review of national and international databases was conducted. After integrating the findings from both phases, validation of the recommendations was performed by the Delphi technique. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

Results: Spiritual care at the end of life requires comprehensive assessment of the patient and family, effective communication, symptom management, shared decision-making, respect for cultural and religious values, and psychological support during bereavement.

Conclusion: The findings revealed that spiritual care at the end of life, with a comprehensive and evidence-based approach, plays a significant role in enhancing patients' quality of life and supporting families. Attention to physical, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions, development of communication skills, and family involvement contributes to improving the patient experience. Implementing evidence-based recommendations and localizing guidelines can enhance the quality of care within the healthcare system.

Background and Objective: Human is a biological, mental/psychological, and spiritual being with biological, mental/psychological, and spiritual needs. The fulfillment of biological needs secures the continuation of life quantitatively, i.e., lifespan. The meeting of mental and spiritual requirements raises wellbeing and the quality of life. The present study was conducted with the aim of reviewing the relationship between spiritual health and mental wellbeing and their mutual influence on each other.

Methods: The current research is a field study following a descriptive correlational design. Data were collected using questionnaires. The statistical population included people in Tehran and Karaj, out of whom 290 people were selected using convenience sampling method to answer the questions on issues concerning spirituality, mental wellbeing, and personal growth and development, the results of which were analyzed. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: The findings indicated that there is a significantly positive relationship between spiritual health, along with all its subcomponents (including reliance on God, penitence, God’s remembrance, contemplation, praying to God, piety, patience, worship, gratitude to God, and self-realization), and mental wellbeing. Among the subcomponents of spirituality, patience and contemplation were shown to be the most important predictors of mental wellbeing.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, the more a human being cares about the spiritual aspects of life and the quality of his/her relationship with God, the more they will enjoy mental wellbeing and growth. According to the findings, patience (the ability to accept suffering without complaining, believing in a divine wisdom, and being pleased and grateful for God’s provision) and contemplation (serious and quiet thought and a deep concentration on spiritual things which lead to an in-depth and thoughtful consideration of various issues) are the best predictors of mental wellbeing. Therefore, focusing on these two spiritual constructs and raising belief in the existence of God and His divine will, as well as the purposefulness of creation, have a significantly positive influence on the experience of mental wellbeing and growth.

Background and Objective: Health and security are two unappreciated blessings. Health has various dimensions, and spiritual health is one of the most important ones. Spiritual health and life satisfaction play an important role in the individual and social health of individuals and the future health structure of society. Given the large number of students in the country, the present study attempted to examine the relationship between spiritual health and life satisfaction in students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study. The research population included medical sciences students. The sample size was 250 people selected using available sampling method from among the students of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. For data collection, the Standard Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SWBS) and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (SWLS) were used. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used on SPSS 22 software to analyze the data. In this study, all ethical issues were observed and the authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: Based on the findings, the spiritual health score of the participants was at an average level (67.23±11.32). Also, their average life satisfaction was 24.60±3.45. T-test results showed that the average spiritual health and life satisfaction of the participants were significantly different according to the two variables of gender and marital status; life satisfaction and spiritual health were higher in female and married participants.

Conclusion: The findings showed that the students had an average level of spiritual health and life satisfaction. In addition, the level of life satisfaction and spiritual health in married and female students was higher compared to single and male students. The findings point to the need for planning to maintain and further improve spiritual health and life satisfaction in students. For this purpose, cultural and spiritual programs focusing on spiritual health can be used and their effects can be examined and monitored in the form of research projects. In addition, it is suggested that longitudinal studies be conducted in this field to monitor changes in spiritual health and life satisfaction.

Background and Objective: Previous studies have examined the role of mass media and social networks in strengthening or weakening the psychological and social dimensions of health. However, only a limited number of investigations have directly addressed the relationship between modern media platforms and the components of spiritual health. This research gap provided the basis for the present study. The ultimate aim of this research was to identify the factors influencing spiritual health through the use of media platforms -with a particular focus on Instagram- and to propose strategies for improving spiritual health in the digital environment.

Methods: The present study employed a qualitative meta-synthesis approach. Studies meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed, yielding a total of 509 peer-reviewed articles. The analysis followed the Attride-Stirling thematic network framework, which organizes findings across three levels: basic themes, organizing themes, and global themes. The authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: The results revealed that the main themes associated with spiritual health in relation to media platforms included: strengthening social connections, social comparison, self-identity and self-presentation, cultural consumption and lifestyle, surveillance and privacy, and the mediatization of everyday life.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, media platforms function as communicative tools that exert dual effects on users. On the one hand, they can enhance social interactions and provide access to social support. On the other hand, their use may generate negative consequences such as increased social comparisons, reduced self-esteem, excessive dependence on external validation, and heightened psychological pressure. Furthermore, the content shared on these platforms can contribute to the spread of misinformation, the erosion of privacy, and the formation of unrealistic social norms. Overall, the impact of media platforms on users can be both positive and negative depending on individual conditions and patterns of use. Conscious and informed management of these platforms is, therefore, essential to maximizing their benefits while minimizing their adverse effects.

Background and Objective: Since family caregivers of chronic patients, known as hidden patients, endure many challenges, empowering caregivers in the care process leads to better care provision for patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a cognitive-social theory-based empowerment program on spiritual care and self-efficacy of caregivers of patients with heart failure.

Methods: This study was a semi-experimental design. The statistical population included caregivers of patients with heart failure. The intervention consisted of five 90-minute sessions held once a week with specific topics. Both the intervention and control groups completed spiritual care and self-efficacy questionnaires before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed, and the authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: The results showed no significant difference in the mean scores related to spiritual care and self-efficacy between the two groups before the intervention. This difference was significant in post-test and three-month follow-up assessments (P<0.05). Repeated measures ANOVA showed a significant difference in the trend of mean scores across the three stages of measurement (before intervention, immediately after intervention, and one month after intervention) (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Based on the findings, the cognitive-social theory-based empowerment program training increases spiritual care and self-efficacy of caregivers of patients with heart failure.

Background and Objective: Having health in various areas, especially spiritual health, is a religious and rational necessity. The goal of religious teachings, especially jurisprudence, is to achieve health in the physical and spiritual dimensions. The present study aims to examine the sources in order to determine the foundations and their role in achieving spiritual health based on the Quran, Sunnah, consensus, and reason, with an emphasis on jurisprudential propositions.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive-library research methodology to systematically collect and analyze data pertaining to religious foundations, authoritative Islamic sources, spiritual health, and jurisprudential propositions. Data was gathered through a comprehensive review of relevant religious texts and scholarly works relying on jurisprudence, foundational principles, and ethical guidelines published in Arabic and Persian. In addition to examining primary sources such as the Quran and hadith literature, interpretive software was utilized to aid the analysis. Furthermore, a search of domestic and international peer-reviewed journals was conducted to incorporate relevant published articles most germane to the research topic. The authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: The results showed that health in the view of religion is divided into two dimensions: physical and spiritual. The spiritual dimension is designed to achieve spiritual health and the formation of afterlife health from the context of worldly happiness. The theme of both dimensions of health is the necessary preparation and coherent movement to achieve victory, prosperity, and eternal salvation. Religious teachings such as prayer and fasting have considered ensuring spiritual health based on human dignity, trustworthiness, good and bad, caution, and interests and corruption. In light of these principles, various functions have been formed such as increasing the threshold of tolerance and resilience, reducing intellectual tensions, optimizing brain function, well-being, and adapting to stress, and supportive behaviors.

Conclusion: Religious principles have a significant capacity to ensure and develop spiritual health. Enjoying spiritual health not only removes a person's negative attitude towards performing obligatory and recommended acts, but also leads to better spiritual readiness to perform obligatory acts, abandon forbidden acts, and even abandon abominable acts and perform recommended acts in order to enjoy happiness.

Background and Objective: The religious experience of near-death states, referred to in religious texts as Sakarat (agonies) and Ghamarat (pangs) of death, is a reviving and often non-repeatable experience that can play a significant role in human spiritual health and anthropology. However, the unknown nature of these states and their causes instills fear of death itself. This study seeks to examine the educational effects of Sakarat and Ghamarat as a religious experience on spiritual health as specified by Islam.

Methods: This is a library-based descriptive-analytical study. First, essential definitions serving as the groundwork for the study were outlined. The main body of the research was developed in several stages to answer the primary research question. First, Sakarat and Ghamarat were introduced as near-death states framed as a religious experience. Then, the reasons for and the significance of understanding this religious experience in relation to spiritual health were explored. Finally, the educational effects and benefits of contemplating this religious experience were examined. The authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: Sakarat and Ghamarat, occurring immediately before death, represent an extremely sensitive moment accompanied by intense hardships. Since religious experience involves perceiving these states within oneself and witnessing them in others, and given the fact that there are numerous Quranic verses and narrations on this issue, they collectively represent and point to a supernatural experience with significant effects on individuals' spiritual health and balance. A proper definition and understanding of Sakarat and Ghammarat, as well as awareness of ways to eliminate or mitigate their effects, are deeply connected to spiritual well-being.

Conclusion: With the onset of death’s preliminaries, an agitation and upheaval overwhelm human. At times, this stupefying state overpowers reason, creating severe anxiety and unrest, referred to in the Quran as Sakarat and Ghamarat of death. This study's approach contrasts with non-revelation-based spiritual methodologies. The key conclusion is that the only way to gain knowledge of unseen realms, including Sakarat and Ghamarat, and to identify their causes, elimination, or mitigation is through divine revelation.

Background and Objective: One of the main questions in the field of spiritual health is how to increase the spiritual health of people in the society. From the point of view of Islam, religious science is the guardian of spiritual health. The collection of verses and traditions that exist in this field allows us to consider religious and mystical teachings as spiritual health education and to extract ways of improving spiritual health from Islamic texts and sources. The current research was conducted with the aim of finding ways to achieve spiritual health from the perspective of Islamic sources.

Methods: This research was done using an analytical-descriptive method and for collecting data, the Quran, Nahj al-Balagha, authentic hadith sources, interpretations of the Quran and some religious and mystical books and related researches on databases such as SID, Magiran, and Noormagz were used. The authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: In the verses of the Quran, the people of heaven, that is, the people who enjoy spiritual health, are described above all with two general characteristics: "faith" and "righteous deeds". By considering the verses and hadiths, we can come to the conclusion that faith is the cognitive dimension of spiritual health and righteous action is its behavioral dimension. According to traditions, true faith consists of four pillars: trust, delegation, satisfaction and submission. Righteous action is also a general concept and equal to good work, which includes any good and useful work in any field.

Conclusion: In Islamic teachings, spiritual health has been given such high importance that it can be stated that the ultimate goal of all Islamic teachings is spiritual health. In fact, the reason why Islamic sources emphasize faith and righteous deeds is because these two contribute to the health of the heart, or in other words, the spiritual health of the individual. As a result, these teachings can be used to increase the spiritual health of individuals in society.

Background and Objective: Given the importance of spiritual health in enhancing quality of life and its impact on the psychological wellbeing of society, the governance requirements for ensuring this aspect of health have received less attention. Previous research has shown that insufficient attention to spiritual dimensions can lead to serious challenges in social and cultural areas; therefore, this study aims to identify effective governance requirements for ensuring the spiritual health of society, providing practical suggestions to facilitate appropriate policymaking.

Methods: The research is qualitative in nature, employing a descriptive-analytical method. It utilizes credible library resources including books, scientific articles, and reports related to community spiritual health. The collected information was analyzed using content analysis methods to identify governance requirements for ensuring spiritual health. Findings from various sources were analyzed to extract reliable results based on which recommendations were made for improving governance requirements aimed at ensuring community spiritual health. The authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: Data analysis revealed that governance requirements for ensuring spiritual health include "promoting and disseminating religious teachings", "combating corruption and promoting justice", "supporting religious and cultural institutions", "enhancing Islamic ethics and behavior", and "fostering social solidarity". It was also found that addressing individuals' spiritual needs can help reduce social problems.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of governance requirements in securing spiritual health and suggests that governments adopt comprehensive approaches to create an environment conducive to enhancing spiritual wellbeing. Implementing these recommendations will not only improve individuals' quality of life but also contribute significantly to strengthening social cohesion.

Background and Objective: Recent studies have explored the influence of ethics on spiritual health. While these investigations have underscored a correlation between religion and ethics, limited attention has been devoted to the relationship between monotheistic ethics and spiritual wellbeing, and consequently, physical health. Accordingly, the present study seeks to examine the role of monotheistic ethics in spiritual health and its impact on physical health, based on Alawi teachings.

Methods: This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach grounded in Alawi teachings. In addition to utilizing Nahj ul-Balagha and narrations found in religious texts, library sources and scholarly articles relevant to the subject matter were incorporated. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Results: The findings indicate that, from the perspective of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS), monotheistic ethics profoundly influence inner human transformation and spiritual health. Moreover, monotheistic ethics, while significantly contributing to spiritual dimensions of health, play an essential role in numerous aspects of physical wellbeing.

Conclusion: Monotheistic ethics are rooted in human faith and belief. According to Amir al-Mu'minin (AS), such ethics affect both spiritual and physical health, contributing to reduced anxiety and the alleviation of physical disorders. By offering a comprehensive moral framework, monotheistic ethics guide individuals to transcend vices such as envy and resentment, and to cultivate virtues such as patience, piety, trust in God, giving others the benefit of the doubt or thinking well of others, foresight, and contentment. This moral orientation exerts direct and indirect influence on the harmonious functioning of bodily organs and systems, regulating their performance, reinforcing the immune system, preventing various diseases -including gastric ulcers- and promoting cardiovascular health and the reduction of hypertension.

Background and Objective: Spiritual health is one of the important aspects of human health. Due to different approaches to human nature and the concept of spirituality in different cultures, there is a wide range of schools of thought related to spiritual health. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to the authentic religious teachings and the scope of their exaltation and perfectness. In fact, sometimes ignoring them leads to costly consequences such as absurdity, purposelessness in life, and illusory happiness.

Methods: In this descriptive-analytical review study with a qualitative approach, indicators of Islamic spirituality were extracted through a review of the Holy Quran and authentic commentaries. Then, through a targeted search in scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and SID, indicators of Western spirituality were identified and compared with Quranic data. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis. The authors reported no conflicts of interest.

Results: The most significant differences and strengths of religious spirituality are: worship, fulfilling obligations and adherence to the Sharia, believing in the hereafter, love for the good people and hating the enemies (to God), prohibition of illegitimate and anti-wisdom austerities in religious spirituality, anti-tyranny and avoidance of injustice, rationalism, practicality, and use of permissible means in the framework of Sharia, dynamism, remembrance of God, trust in God, contentment, submission to God, and recourse to God, patience, gratitude to God, sound heart and living a pure life.

Conclusion: Religious and Islamic spirituality is an active, effective, transformative and beneficial spirituality and has a real and objective counterpart, which is the happiness and sovereignty in both worlds. While western spiritualties are often a mental issue with no fixed and visible horizons, and sometimes no rational justification. What is blessed (eternal goodness) and the source of positive effect is the original spirituality (not borrowed) derived from the clear spring of revelation teachings and the life of the innocents, peace be upon them.