Today, a significant percentage of the global population is comprised of the elderly and an increase in the number of old people is expected due to increased longitivity in different countries of the world. However, their social status is not appropriately recognized in parallel to population growth in this age group, which has in turn escalated their problems' scope...

Background and Objectives: The Satellite is in the position of emerging cultural evolution and it impacts on lifestyle and culture in various types. The aim of current study is to comparison of lifestyle aspects and spiritual growth among satellite and television audiences’ students.

Materials and Methods: The sample of current research includes 52 viewers and 48 non-viewer of satellite. They were selected through available consecutive sampling in Kohdasht city from male and female student of Human Department of Azad, Payame Noor and Applied Science and Technology universities in 2014-2015. They respond to two research instruments such as; lifestyle Questionnaire (Lali et al. 2012), Spiritual assessment inventory (Hall & Edwards, 1996). The analysis of data was done through independent t test using SPSS 18 software.

Results: The results indicated that the spirituality’ total score is significant difference in subscales of realistic acceptance, instability and disappointment (p<0.05). In addition, there is no difference between two groups in total scores of lifestyle (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Findings revealed that satellite programs could influence on spirituality in society. Therefore, it should implement an effective strategy to decrease the devastating effects of the satellite.

Background and Objectives: Hijab as an Islamic value and divine duty is emphasized and more than ever it is necessary in university settings. The misveiling is a social phenomenon and it’s social, political and cultural aspects must be studied for understanding factors and causes. The aim of this study was to understand facilitators and inhibitors of full hijab by students.

Materials and Methods: This study is part of a grounded theory study. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews from twelve students who left their veiling, eleven students with veiling, three advisors, two Vice in Student & Cultural Affairs and three family members of students who left their veiling. The participants were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling method and the data were analyzed simultaneously by continuously comparisons based on Corbin and Strauss 2008 method.

Results: Spiritual adherence as a facilitator of hijab by students is recognized which has three categories: ethical orientation, religion orientation and fear and hope. Doubt in believing as an inhibitor of hijab by students is abstracted which has three subcategories: escape from essence, superficial religious beliefs and inadequate religious knowledge.

Conclusion: By adherence to Spiritual, veiling can be strengthened and it can be weakened by doubts in beliefs. In order to promote of hijab, it is necessary to pay attention its underlying conditions and causes. Individual beliefs and values must be strengthened for promoting hijab.

Background and Objectives: Irrational Beliefs leave deep impression on health, life, work, study and generally important aspects of human life. Hence the aim of this study was to compare the spiritual health and irrational beliefs of male and female undergraduate, masters and PhD students in Kashan.

Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-comparative study. Statistical population of this study was all students studying at Kashan University in 2013-14. According to Morgan table, 364 persons were selected using available sampling method. Data collection tools were spiritual health (SWBS) and irrational beliefs (IBT) questionnaires. Data were anlyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and descriptive statistical methods, Pearson correlation coefficient and independent t-test.

Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference in the score of spiritual health and irrational beliefs between the students of the Faculty of Engineering and English language (p>0.05) but there is a significant relationship between spiritual health and its dimensions with irrational beliefs, as well as between religious and existential health (p<0.01).

Conclusion: It seems that irrational beliefs is affected by health, it means the students having higher health, especially mental health, will be less irrational beliefs and therefore are less susceptible to anxiety and confusion.

Background and Objectives: According to the reduction of consumption age in cigarette smoking and tobacco and physical and social harms of this phenomenon, prompted the researcher to study and carry out this investigation in order to assess the effect of metacognitive beliefs and religious attitude on the tendency to cigarette use in male adolescents.

Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive and correlative. The statistic population consisted of all of the male high school's students of the city of Mehran in the academic year 2014, which according to the statistic of the education department of the city were 502 people. The sample of 217 persons was calculated based on Kokran formula and was selected by cluster sampling. In this study ultra-cognitive questionnaire (MCQ), Alport's 21-items questionnaire to measure religious attitudes, and the researcher's 23-items questionnaire of tendency to cigarette smoking were used. The data were analyzed using spss software.

Results: The results showed that there is a meaningful and inverted relation between negative beliefs about uncontrollable and dangerous of concern and cognitive self-consciousness with tendency to cigarette smoking (p<0/05), and also there is a meaningful and inverted relation between external religious attitude and general religious attitude with tendency to cigarette smoking (p<0/05). Also the results of the investigation showed that the components of metacognitive beliefs (R=0/32) and external religious attitude (R=0/35) have a highest ability in predicting the tendency to cigarette smoking in students, respectively (p<0/05).

Conclusion: Due to demonstration the influence of meta cognitive beliefs and religious attitude on the reduction of tendency to cigarette smoking in the students, it is recommended that strengthens religious beliefs by holding classes and question-answer sessions, as well as advisory classes in school programs in order to strengthen cognitive self-awareness and decline negative thoughts to reduction the tendency to cigarette smoking among students.

Background and Objectives: Nurses communicate directly with patients. if they have higher spiritual health provide more care to patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the spiritual health of nurses in the critical departments of hospitals in Ilam.

Materials and Methods: Using descriptive correlation study, a questionnaire with 20 questions about spiritual health was designed from the Islamic perspective. 60 nurses working at Critical care department of Ilam hospitals were selected by available sampling . The questionnaire was designed for six options Likert scale. Scores of participants were between 20 -120 which were divided into 4 categories. SPSS software was used for data analysis.

Results: 42% and 58%of samples were  male and female, respectively. None of the nurses had low score (40-20), 10 nurses (17%) received the lower-middle score (70-41), 30 nurses (50%) and 20 nurses (33%) achieved the upper-middle (99-71) and high score (120-100), respectively. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the total number of spiritual health and gender(P Value<0.05 ).

Conclusion: More nurses received a high score of spiritual health. This results show that with proper planning, it can be benefit  for the pastoral care of the patient.

Background and Objectives: In the postmodern medicine for health promotion in both levels of society and individual, it is recommended to benefit from all cultural provisions if harmless. This perspective opens new windows in the fields of health, including religion and health or literature and health. Our country, Iran, enjoys a powerful Iranian- Islamic culture that provides an ample opportunity for health promotion in the level of society and individual, especially in lifestyle enhancement. This study is conducted to evaluate the social spectrum of health in Epigram (statements) of Imam Ali(a.s.) in Nahjolbalagheh.

Materials and Methods: It is a comparative study of content analysis. All  statements of Imam Ali(a.s.) in Nahjolbalagheh with respect to Social Spectrum of Health have been used as study data.

Results: Out of 480 statements of Imam Ali(a.s.) in Nahjolbalagheh, near 150 are in the field of social spectrum of health, and 68 subjects are extracted in this field.

Conclusion: Statements of Imam Ali(a.s.) in Nahjolbalagheh are valid sources that can be used to determine and define certain indicators in social spectrum of health, and be benefited from in Iranian-Islamic lifestyle, especially due to two reasons;  the eminent personality of  Imam Ali(a.s.) and his so respected character as a great companion of prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) in the religious beliefs of all muslims especially Muslim  people  living in Iran.

Background and Objectives: Islam considers to health, in all its dimensions including biology, psychology, society and spirituality, As far as the believer is introduced as a person with right behavior and the basis of the most unethical behavior is stated deviation from the health. The aim of this study is to review of the jealousy effects on mental health from the perspective of Islam and Psychology.

Materials and Methods: The design of this study is descriptive- library research. This study, consistent with other research findings, indicates jealousy as one of the improper behaviors is rooted in inappropriate childhood experiences and partial learn of moral behavior (conscience).

Results: Also similar to previous studies, this study shows that roots of jealousy can be traced to family background, Fields such as discrimination in the family, lack of security, lack of attention to proper parenting style, creating a sense of inferiority in children, disregarding their individual talents and their fosterage and the weakness of self-esteem.

Conclusion: Preventive and educational programs can be provided in the family and education to reduce the multiple effects of this individual, family and social behavior.