Effectiveness of Religious Cognitive-behavioral Therapy in Comparison with Conventional Cognitive-behavioral Therapy in Improving the Affect and Hope of Patients with Depression
Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat (i.e., Research on Religion & Health),
Vol. 8 No. 4 (2022),
27 Khordad 2025
,
Page 113-128
https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v8i4.35642
Abstract
Background and Objective: Some studies show that religion and spirituality play a role in increasing mental well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of religious cognitive-behavioral therapy in comparison with conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy in improving the affect and hope in the patients with depression.
Methods: This is an experimental study with a pre-test post-test design. The participants were selected from people with depression who referred to counseling centers. In this study, 42 participants were included, and finally 30 remained until the end of the study. Fifteen patients received conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy and 15 received religious cognitive-behavioral therapy individually. Data collection instruments included semi-structured DSM-based interviews (SCID-I), Glark and Stock Religiosity Questionnaires (CRS), Beck Depression Second Edition (BDI-II), Watson’s Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Snyder’s Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The participants answered the questionnaires one week before the treatment and one week after the end of the treatment sessions. Each protocol consisted of ten sessions. Data were analyzed using ccovariance analysis. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.
Results: The findings showed that religious cognitive behavioral therapy significantly increases hope and its components more than conventional cognitive behavioral therapy (P<0.001). The findings also showed that although both religious and conventional treatments significantly increased positive affect and decreased negative affect, their effectiveness did not differ significantly.
Conclusion: Although religious cognitive-behavioral therapy promotes people's hope, but it should be promoted in terms of components and psychological techniques combined with spirituality to increase its effectiveness in increasing positive affect and reducing negative affect.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Hope; Negative Affect; Positive Affect; Religious Cognitive Behavioral; Therapy
How to Cite
References
Ustun G. Determining depression and related factors in a society affected by COVID-19 pandemic. The International journal of social psychiatry. 2021; 67(1): 54.
Bueno-Notivol J, Gracia-García P, Olaya B, Lasheras I, López-Antón R, Santabárbara J. Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. International journal of clinical and health psychology. 2021; 21(1):100196.
Bektas DK, Demir S. Anxiety, depression levels and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal cancer in Turkey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2016;17(2):723-31.
Hawes MT, Szenczy AK, Klein DN, Hajcak G, Nelson BD. Increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Medicine. 2021: 1-9.
Jafarnia V, Badeleh M, Seifi H, Hasani J, Madanifar M. The effect of group cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and life expectancy in patients with hepatitis B. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2016;18(5):272-8. (Full Text in Persian)
Segal ZV, Dobson KS. Cognitive models of depression: Report from a consensus development conference. Psychological Inquiry. 1992;3(3):219-24.
Ahmad Sabki Z, Sa'ari CZ, Syed Muhsin SB, Kheng GL, Hatim Sulaiman A, G Koenig H. Islamic Integrated Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Shari'ah- Compliant Intervention for Muslims with Depression. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry. 2019;28(1):29-38
Beck AT. Cognitive models of depression. Clinical advances in cognitive psychotherapy: Theory and application. 2002;14(1):29-61.
Dejonckheere E, Mestdagh M, Verdonck S, Lafit G, Ceulemans E, Bastian B, et al. The relation between positive and negative affect becomes more negative in response to personally relevant events. Emotion. 2021;21(2):326.
Holman MS, Williams MN. Suicide risk and protective factors: A network approach. Archives of Suicide Research. 2020:1-18.
Teo DCL, Duchonova K, Kariman S, Ng J. Religion, Spirituality, Belief Systems and Suicide. Suicide by Self-Immolation: Springer; 2021. p. 183-200.
Yadollahpour MH, Mahdavifar H, Hasanzadeh R. Intervention of Religion-based Education in Depression Syndrome among Married Women Attending Cultural Centers in Babol. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat. 2019;5(1):64-75. (Full Text in Persian)
Koenig HG, Al-Zaben F, VanderWeele TJ. Religion and psychiatry: Recent developments in research. BJPsych Advances. 2020;26(5):262-72.
Dorsett P, Geraghty T, Sinnott A, Acland R. Hope, coping and psychosocial adjustment after spinal cord injury. Spinal cord series and cases. 2017;3:17046.
Feldman DB, Kubota M. Hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and academic achievement: Distinguishing constructs and levels of specificity in predicting college grade-point average. Learning and Individual Differences. 2015;37:210-6.
Du H, Bernardo AB, Yeung SS. Locus-of-hope and life satisfaction: The mediating roles of personal self-esteem and relational self-esteem. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015;83:228-33.
Serfaty M, King M, Nazareth I, Moorey S, Aspden T, Mannix K, et al. Effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression in advanced cancer: CanTalk randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;216(4):213-21.
Hamid N. The effectiveness of positive mental imagery of recovery and cognitive behavioral therapy based on religious beliefs on anxiety and life quality in women with breast cancer. learning. 2020;1(51):001-9.
Grill KB, Wang J, Cheng YI, Lyon ME. The role of religiousness and spirituality in health-related quality of life of persons living with HIV: A latent class analysis. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. 2020.
Rafiei-Mohammadi N, Jahangiri MM. The Effect of Logic Therapy Combined with Quran Recitation and Prayer on Depression Symptoms in Women with Major Depressive Disorder. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat. 2019;5(4):88-98. (Full Text in Persian)
Asghar H, UzmaMasroor SGD. Development of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Islamic Concepts for Treatment of Depression and Anxiety. 2021.
Subhas N, Mukhtar F, Munawar K. Adapting cognitive-behavioral therapy for a Malaysian muslim. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2021;35:28. (Full Text in Persian)
Koenig HG, Pearce MJ, Nelson B, Shaw SF, Robins CJ, Daher NS, et al. Religious vs. conventional cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression in persons with chronic medical illness: A pilot randomized trial. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2015;203(4):243-51.
Mojahed A. Comparison of Islamic oriented and classical cognitive behavioral therapy on mental health of martyrs’ and veterans’ wives. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2009;11(44):91-282. (Full Text in Persian)
Pourkord M, Mirdrikvand F, Karami A. Predicting resilience in students based on happiness, attachment style, and religious attitude. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics. 2020;7(2):27-34.
Salehi M. The Model of Hope Based on Islamic Sources and Designing it Treatment Plan. Journal of Islam and psychological research. 2017;2(2):29-50. (Full Text in Persian)
Binaei N, Moeini M, Sadeghi M, Najafi M, Mohagheghian Z. Effects of hope promoting interventions based on religious beliefs on quality of life of patients with congestive heart failure and their families. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research. 2016;21(1):77-83. (Full Text in Persian)
Rahmanian M, moein samadani m, Oraki M. Effect of spirituality group therapy on life expectancy and life style’s improvement of breath cancer patients. Scientific Journal Management System. 2017;7(1):101-14. (Full Text in Persian)
Kareshki H, Zabihi M, Hatamikiya S, Heydarian Shahri F. Mediating Role of Goal Orientation in the Relationship of Spirituality and Self-Efficacy with Hope in University Students: a Structural Model. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat (ie, Research on Religion & Health). 2018;4(4):93-103. (Full Text in Persian)
Asgari P, Roushani K, Mohri AM. The Relationship between religious belief, optimism and spiritual well being among college students of Islamic Azad University. 2009:27-39. (Full Text in Persian)
Williams V. Exploring Religion and Spirituality in Psychological Therapy: School of Psychology; 2017.
Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A, Heidari F, Zangeneh Motlagh F. The effect of mixed prayer and positive psychology group therapy on life meaning and death anxiety among elderly women with physical-motor disabilities. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat. 2018;4(2):16-28. (Full Text in Persian)
Bagheri M, Esmaeil Chegeni M, Mah Negar F. Reviews of the effectiveness of religious, spiritual and mental therapy on stress reduction, anxiety and depression in women with addicted spouse in Ilam city. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat. 2015;1(3):19-24. (Full Text in Persian)
Choi NG, Sullivan JE, Marti CN, Kunik ME. Religious coping and acceptability and outcome of short-term psychotherapeutic treatments for depression among low-income homebound older adults. Aging & mental health. 2021;25(3):431-8.
First MB, Gibbon M. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II). 2004.
Sharifi V, Asadi SM, Mohammadi MR, Amini H, Kaviani H, Semnani Y, et al. Reliability and Feasibility of The Persian Version of The Structured Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Advances in Cognitive Sciences. 2004;6(1):10-22. (Full Text in Persian)
Amini H, Sharifi V, Asaadi S.M, Mohammadi M.R, Kaviani H, Semnani Y, et al. Validity of the Iranian version of the Structured Clinical Interview forDSM-IV (SCID-I) in the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Health Monitor Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research. 2008;7(1):49-57. (Full Text in Persian)
Glock CY, Stark R. Religion and society in tension: a publi. from the research program in the Sociology of Religion Survey Research Center, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley. 1970.
Sirajzadeh SH. Religious Attitudes and Behaviors of Tehran Adolescents and Its Implications for the Theory of Secularization. Quarterly Journal of Research Index. 1999;3:105-18. (Full Text in Persian)
Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck depression inventory (BDI-II): Pearson; 1996.
Fata L, Birashk B, Atef VM, Dabson K. Meaning
assignment structures/schema, emotional states and cognitive processing of emotional information: comparing two conceptual frameworks. 2005.
Snyder CR. Conceptualizing, measuring, and nurturing hope. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD. 1995;3(73):355.
Lopez S. Handbook of positive psychology, Oxford University Press.2000.
Snyder CR, Lopez S, G. Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc; 2007.
Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1988;54(6):1063.
Bakhshipoor Rudsari A, Dejkam M. Confirmatory factor analysis of positive and negative emotion scales. Journal of Psychology 2005(49 ): 351-65. (Full Text in Persian)
Khoshbooii R, Hassan SA, Deylami N, Muhamad R, Engku Kamarudin EM, Alareqe NA. Effects of Group and Individual Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Sexual Satisfaction among Perimenopausal Women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(14):7711. (Full Text in Persian)
Propst LR, Ostrom R, Watkins P, Dean T, Mashburn D. Comparative efficacy of religious and nonreligious cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of clinical depression in religious individuals. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology. 1992;60(1):94.
Azhar MZ, Varma SL. Religious psychotherapy in depressive patients. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics. 1995;63(3-4):165-8.
Nadi E, Saeedpoor F, Boland H. The Effectiveness of Religious-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Increasing Life expectancy and Happiness in Infertile Women. Islamic Life Style. 2020;3(3):41-8. (Full Text in Persian)
Sabry WM, Vohra A. Role of Islam in the management of psychiatric disorders. Indian journal of psychiatry. 2013;55(Suppl 2):205-24. (Full Text in Persian)
Ahmadi M, Zaree K, Leily AK, Hoseini ASS. Efficacy of a written prayer technique on the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer. Palliative & supportive care. 2019:1-6. (Full Text in Persian)
Yosefi N. Effect of Religious-based Cognitive Therapy and Logotherapy on Reducing the Depression, Anxiety, and Aggression Symptoms in University Students. Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy. 2012;3(10):137-58. (Full Text in Persian)
Masjedi-Arani A, Yoosefee S, Hejazi S, Jahangirzade M, Jamshidi M-a, Heidari M, et al. effectiveness of an Islamic approach to Hope therapy on Hope, depression, and anxiety in comparison with conventional Hope therapy in patients with coronary heart disease. Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research. 2020;28(127):82-9. (Full Text in Persian)
- Abstract Viewed: 715 times
- PDF (فارسی) Downloaded: 98 times