مفهوم انسان در زمینۀ عرفان و حکمت ایرانی، گامی به سوی توسعۀ یک نظریه در پرستاری
پژوهش در دین و سلامت ,
دوره 6 شماره 4 (2020),
20 آذر 2020
,
صفحه 117-135
https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i4.26381
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: لازم است نظریههایی برای حرفۀ پرستاری با استناد به رویکردهای فلسفی و جهانبینیهای غیرغربی توسعه یابد. به همین جهت چهار مفهوم اصلی پرستاری یعنی انسان، محیط، سلامتی و پرستاری ابتدا باید در جهانبینی مورد نظر تعریف و پردازش شود. ازاینرو، هدف این مطالعۀ همگذاری (ترکیب) مفهوم انسان (شخص) با مرور تحلیلی متون عرفان و حکمت ایرانی بود.
روش کار: این مطالعه از نوع کتابخانهای است که بهروش همگذاری مفهوم ریان ونگر انجام یافته است. به این صورت که ابتدا بهروش استقرایی اجزای مفهوم واکر و اوانت بهعنوان طبقات ازپیشتعیینشده انتخاب شد؛ و پس از مطالعۀ یکسوم متون، بهروش قیاسی ماهیت مواردی که باید در هر طبقه گنجانده شود تعیین گردید. مرور انتقادی با جستوجوی هدفمند در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی علمی فارسیزبان مانند نور، یاسین، پارسی داک، هدابلاگ و نیز پایگاههای اطلاعاتی انگلیسیزبان مانند گوگل اسکولار و ابسکو و نیز کتب کتابخانهای دانشکدههای فلسفه و الهیات دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی و دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، با کلیدواژههای «انسانشناسی»، «انسان کامل»، «علم نفس»، «قوای نفس»، «طبایع انسان» و دیگر واژههای مرتبط بر اساس مسیر مطالعه و بدون محدودیت زمانی انجام شد. درنهایت از تعداد اولیۀ 508 منبع، 51 منبع بررسی شد که بیشتر به شرح علم نفس از دیدگاه ابن سینا، فارابی، ملاصدرا، مولوی و عطار پرداخته بود. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده و مؤلف مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده است.
یافتهها: ویژگیهای مفهوم انسان عبارت است از خودِ دوساحتی، نفس مترتب و قوامند، بدن مزاجمند و مخاطب نظم دستوری. جلوۀ افضل و مراتب هستی پیشامدهای مفهوم انسان است به این معنی که قبل از بروز آن رخ میدهد؛ و تعادل/بیتعادلی و هماهنگی/ناهماهنگی پیامدهای مفهوم معرفی شده است.
نتیجهگیری: همگذاری مفهوم انسان در زمینۀ عرفان و حکمت ایرانی، از فردمحوری و ذهنیتگرایی انسانِ تعریفشده در نظریههای دانشمندان پرستاری غربی کم میکند و به او مسئولیتی خطیر در قبال استکمال خود، دیگران و کل جهان هستی میدهد.
استناد مقاله به این صورت است:
Nikfarid L. The Concept of Human Based on Iranian Mysticism and Wisdom: a Step toward Development of a Nursing Theory. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2021;6(4):117-135. https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v6i4.26381
- انسان؛ ایران؛ حکمت؛ عرفان؛ نظریۀ پرستاری
ارجاع به مقاله
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