Physical and biological study of several materials in prostration
Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat (i.e., Research on Religion & Health),
Vol. 9 No. 3 (2023),
11 November 2025
,
Page 7-19
https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v9i3.37337
Abstract
Introduction & aim: Praying is the essential duty of Muslims, and prostration in praying has many effects on the nervous system. In Islamic teachings, prostration has been approved a lot. This study aimed to investigate the magnetic and electrical properties of three materials: soil, paperboard, and cloth, and to study the brain activity further when prostrating on these three different materials.
Methods: In the first part, the physical examination of different materials was done. The vibrating sample magnetometer was used to check the magnetic permeability, and a two-point electrical conductivity measuring device was used to check the electrical conductivity of three soil, paperboard, and cloth samples. The second part of the brain waves of ten healthy young men in the sitting position, prostration on the soil (seal), paperboard, and carpet with the same conditions was recorded. The relative strengths of the frequency bands were investigated. The significance level was considered after calculating the false discovery rate to delete the channels and bands effect interface.
Results: The first part results showed that paperboard had more magnetic permeability than cloth and cloth compared to soil and had less electrical conductivity as well. In the second part, the results showed that paperboard and soil caused a significant increase in the relative power of the alpha 1 band in the frontal and central areas compared to the sitting position, while there was no significant difference in prostration on the carpet. Prostration on the carpet significantly increased the relative power of the gamma band 1 compared to sitting, while prostration on the soil, especially paperboard, showed this difference to a lesser extent.
Conclusion: Prostration on paperboard exaggerated, and prostration on carpet diminished the effects of prostration on the soil. Moreover, the brain changes in prostration on the soil were between the changes caused by the prostration on carpet and paperboard.
- Carpet
- Electroencephalography
- Electrical conductivity
- Prostration
- Paper
- Soil
- 2023-11-29 (2)
- 2023-09-08 (1)
How to Cite
References
Ignatov I, Mosin O, Niggli H, Drossinakis C, Tyminski G. Methods For Registering Non-Ionizing Radiation Emitted From The Human Body. European Reviews of Chemical Research. 2015;3(1):4-24.
Ohki S. The origin of electrical potential in biological systems. Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry: Volume 10 Bioelectrochemistry. 1985:1-130.
Dawson TW, Stuchly MA, Kavet R. Electric fields in the human body due to electrostatic discharges. IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering. 2004; 51(8):1460-8.
Rubik B. The biofield hypothesis: Its biophysical basis and role in medicine. The Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine. 2002;8(6):703-17.
Teplan M. Fundamentals of EEG measurement. Measurement science review. 2002;2(2):1-11.
Abd Rahman F, Othman MF, Shaharuddin NA. Analysis methods of EEG signals: a review in EEG application for brain disorder. Jurnal Teknologi. 2015;72(2).
Sobhani V, Izadi K, Mokari EM, Hatef B. Classification of Body Position During Muslim Prayer Using the Convolutional Neural Network. International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence. 2021;35(11):2154028. (Full Text in Persian)
Petri A-K, Schmiedchen K, Stunder D, Dechent D, Kraus T, Bailey WH, et al. Biological effects of exposure to static electric fields in humans and vertebrates: a systematic review. Environmental Health. 2017;16:1-23.
Adel MM. Superiority of Prostration as a Protection from Lightning Strike. Phys Int. 2012;3(1):9-21.
Yousefzadeh F, Jahromi GP, Manshadi EM, Hatef B. The effect of prostration (Sajdah) on the prefrontal brain activity: A pilot study. Basic and clinical neuroscience. 2019;10(3):257.
Sobhani V, Aghajani J, Manshadi EM, Hatef B. Islamic praying changes stress-related hormones and genes. Journal of Medicine & Life. 2022;15(4).
Shirzadi Z, Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A, Falsafinejad MR. A study of the relationship of outlook and practical pledge to prayers and spiritual experiences with mental health of girl students of university of Tehran. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat. 2020;5(4):99-113. (Full Text in Persian)
Khoshnudi M, Safari A, Qanea-al-Hosseyni M, Taheri M, Nejati Parvaz N. Investigating the Relationship of Saying Prayers with Depression and Students' Type of Identity Style. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat. 2021;7(2):28-40. (Full Text in Persian)
Chamsi-Pasha M, Chamsi-Pasha H. A review of the literature on the health benefits of Salat (Islamic prayer). Med J Malaysia. 2021;76(1):93-7.
Doufesh H, Ibrahim F, Ismail NA, Ahmad WAW. Effect of Muslim prayer (Salat) on α electroencephalography and its relationship with autonomic nervous system activity. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2014; 20(7):558-62.
Doufesh H, Ibrahim F, Ismail NA, Ahmad WAW. Assessment of heart rates and blood pressure in different salat positions. Journal of physical therapy science. 2013;25(2):211-4.
Hatef B, Meftahi GH, Rezvani Z, Jahromi GP, Sahraei H. EEG spectral and complexity indices change during Islamic praying in 5th Iranian Symposium on Brain Mapping Updates. 2021. Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies. 2021;8 (Supple 1):10-4. (Full Text in Persian)
Burgei W, Pechan MJ, Jaeger H. A simple vibrating sample magnetometer for use in a materials physics course. American Journal of Physics. 2003; 71(8):825-8.
Laughton MA, Say MG. Electrical engineer's reference book: Elsevier; 2013.
Natarajan K, Acharya UR, Alias F, Tiboleng T, Puthusserypady SK. Nonlinear analysis of EEG signals at different mental states. Biomedical engineering online. 2004;3:1-11.
Subha DP, Joseph PK, Acharya U R, Lim CM. EEG signal analysis: a survey. J Med Syst. 2010; 34: 195-212.
Luo H, Ren Z, Shu W, Wen S. Reversed propagation dynamics of Laguerre-Gaussian beams in left-handed materials. Physical Review A. 2008; 77(2):023812.
Doufesh H, Ibrahim F, Safari M. Effects of Muslims praying (Salat) on EEG gamma activity. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2016; 24:6-10.
- Abstract Viewed: 318 times
- pdf (فارسی) Downloaded: 58 times