Background and Objectives: The decline of spiritual beliefs in modern societies has intensified mental health challenges, necessitating exploration of religious rituals’ psychological roles. This study aims to comparatively analyze archetypal symbols in the Christian Eucharist and Shiite Ashura rituals through Carl Gustav Jung’s analytical psychology, focusing on their impact on the collective unconscious and therapeutic potential in psychiatric nursing.

Methods: Employing a qualitative approach with semiotic analysis, this study examines religious texts, Jungian works, and cultural studies. Key symbols (blood, bread, suffering, purification, unity) were identified and compared using Jung’s archetypes and individuation framework, emphasizing their psychological functions across Christian and Shiite contexts.

Findings: The analysis revealed that both rituals manifest archetypes such as sacrifice, suffering hero, and rebirth, facilitating psychological integration. The Eucharist emphasizes divine redemption, while Ashura highlights social resistance. Symbols like blood and suffering foster catharsis and resilience, bridging individual and collective unconscious.

Conclusion: These rituals’ archetypal symbols offer therapeutic applications in Jungian psychotherapy and psychiatric nursing by promoting catharsis, shadow confrontation, and individuation, enhancing mental health through culturally sensitive care.

سابقه و هدف: آموزه‌های پزشکی نقل‌شده از معصومان علیهم‌السلام از دیرباز مورد توجه مسلمانان بوده و بخش قابل توجهی از منابع حدیثی را به خود اختصاص داده است. با وجود این، بسیاری از روایات مرتبط با امور تکوینی (امور واقعی و خارجی) در حوزه سلامت و درمان، به عنوان اخبار آحاد به شمار می‌آیند و ارزیابی اعتبار و حجیت آن‌ها نیازمند بررسی اصولی و کلامی دقیق است. هدف این پژوهش، دستیابی به مبنایی روشن برای سنجش اعتبار این احادیث در حوزه مسائل پزشکی و فراهم‌کردن نگاهی روشمند برای پژوهشگران به جهت بهره‌گیری صحیح از معارف اهل‌بیت علیهم‌السلام است.

روش کار: این مطالعه به روش کتابخانه‌ای و با رویکرد توصیفی ـ تحلیلی انجام شده و با بهره‌گیری از قواعد علم اصول و مبانی کلامی امامیه، به تحلیل حجیت اخبار آحاد در امور تکوینیِ مرتبط با طب می‌پردازد.

یافته‌ها: مطالعات پیشین ـ به‌ویژه در میراث حدیثی ـ عمدتاً احادیث پزشکی را بر اساس الگوهای درمانی رایج در دوره‌های گذشته دسته‌بندی کرده‌اند؛ مانند دارودرمانی، دعا‌درمانی، درمان طبیعی، درمان مداخله‌ای و درمان ترکیبی. هرچند این تقسیم‌بندی‌ها منعکس‌کننده فضای علمی زمان خود هستند، اما برای پاسخ به پرسش اصلی اعتبارسنجی احادیث در عصر کنونی که علوم پزشکی پیشرفت چشمگیری داشته، کفایت نمی‌کنند. تحلیل‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که ارزیابی روایات تکوینی نیازمند تکیه هم‌زمان بر مبانی عقلایی، روایی و کلامی است.

نتیجه‌گیری: بر پایه مبانی کلامی امامیه، حجیت و اعتبار احادیث تکوینی در حوزه پزشکی با پذیرش علم ویژه پیامبر و امامان علیهم‌السلام قابل تبیین است. در چارچوب اصول فقه نیز، با وجود اختلاف‌نظرها، می‌توان با استناد به ادله‌ای همچون آیات، روایات، بنای عقلا و بنای اصحاب، اعتبار این اخبار را در حوزه امور تکوینی اثبات کرد. این نتایج می‌تواند زمینه‌ای روشمند برای بهره‌گیری صحیح از روایات پزشکی فراهم سازد.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of religious beliefs and family functioning in marital attitudes, mediated by gender expectations, among young couples.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed. The statistical population consisted of 300 young couples (aged 20–35 years) in Tehran. Research tools included questionnaires on “Religious Commitment,” “Family Functioning,” “Gender Roles,” and “Marital Attitudes.” Data were analyzed using AMOS software and structural equation modeling.

Results: Results indicated that religious beliefs and family functioning significantly influence marital attitudes through gender expectations. Religious commitment showed a positive effect (β=0.285), while religious ambivalence had a negative effect (β=−0.130) on marital attitudes. Gender expectations acted as a mediating variable, with the largest indirect effect attributed to religious ambivalence (β=0.327). These findings emphasize the importance of addressing gender expectations in intervention programs.

Conclusion: The study highlights the significant role of religious beliefs and family functioning in shaping marital attitudes, mediated by gender expectations. Gender expectations emerged as a key mediator, exerting the strongest indirect effect between religious ambivalence and marital attitudes. The results underscore the necessity of integrating gender expectations into intervention designs.

Background and Purpose: Waqf, as one of the cultural and religious institutions in Islam, has significant potential for social development and support for sports. Despite the historical role of waqf in charitable and public-benefit activities, its application in sports development has received limited attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate how the culture of waqf can be utilized in the development of sports.

Methods and materials: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and grounded theory methodology. Data saturation was achieved after conducting semi-structured interviews with 17 participants, including waqf managers, sport managers, and university professors. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. To enhance the credibility of the findings, constant comparison of data and member checking were employed.

Results: Based on the findings, “sport development through waqf” emerged as the core phenomenon of the model. The causal conditions of the model included spiritual and social motivations, cultural background, and the religious orientation of the society. Institutional structuring, transparency and trust-building, promoting the culture of waqf, and interaction between sports institutions and the Awqaf organization were considered as the main strategies. In addition, institutional capacity and endowment trustees were identified as contextual conditions, and external incentives, challenges, implementation barriers, and changing values ​​of the new generation were identified as intervening conditions. The interaction between causal factors, contextual and intervening conditions, and the implementation of strategies can lead to outcomes such as sustainable sports financing, increasing sports justice, strengthening social capital, and public trust.

Conclusion: Sports development based on waqf will be sustainable and effective when pursued through cultural, managerial, and participatory approaches. Waqf can serve as a sustainable mechanism playing a significant role in sports development and the expansion of social justice.

Background and Objective: Given the importance of identifying factors affecting sexual diversity behavior in married life in order to design interventions for prevention and treatment, the present study aimed to investigate the role of spiritual experiences in predicting men's sexual diversity through cognitive emotion regulation.

Method: The research method was a descriptive-correlational structural equation model conducted using path analysis. The research population included all married men living in Qom city in the second half of 2024 and the first half of 2025. 200 people were selected using convenience sampling and responded to the questionnaires of spiritual experiences by Underwood and Tersey (2002), cognitive emotion regulation by Gross and John (2003), and sexual diversity by Glass and Wright (1992). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and path analysis with the help of SPSS version 22 and Amos statistical software.

Results: The results showed that the feeling of God's presence (p<0.01, β=0.283), connection with God (p<0.01, β=0.372), and responsibility towards others (p<0.01, β=0.397) have a direct positive effect on cognitive emotion regulation. The feeling of God's presence has a direct effect (p<0.01, β=-0.175) and a mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.01, β=-0.105) on sexual diversity. Connection with God has a direct effect (p<0.01, β=-0.230) and a mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.01, β=-0.138) on sexual diversity. Responsibility towards others has a direct (p<0.01, β=-0.189) and mediated role of cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.01, β=-0.147) effect on sexual diversity. Cognitive emotion regulation (p<0.01, β=-0.371) has a direct negative effect on sexual diversity.

Conclusion: Therapists, planners and consultants should pay attention to the role of the two variables of spiritual experiences and cognitive emotion regulation in counseling, preventive and therapeutic educational programs and consider them and hold educational workshops to inform their families about diverse sexual behaviors.

Background and Objective: According to experts in various scientific fields, including sociology, psychology, and education, childhood is considered one of the most important periods in human life. It is during this period that a child's curiosity begins and must be answered, and this response must also be accompanied by observing certain points. Therefore, this study aimed to review all studies on the guidance of religious curiosity on children's spiritual health.

Methodology: The method of the present study was a systematic review using the JBI checklist. The electronic databases of Magiran, the Comprehensive Portal of Humanities, SID, Civica, Alamnet, Irandoc, Normags, the Comprehensive Portal of Humanities, Google Scholar, the Iranian Journals and Magazines Database, and the database of the Scientific Information Center of the Academic Jihad were searched to extract information.

Findings: The findings of the studies showed that guiding a child's religious curiosity in four dimensions of religious curiosity include: spiritual (innate tendency towards religion), cognitive (developmental stages of thinking, use of appropriate methods, importance of questions and curiosity), behavioral (role of experience and environment, learning through models),  Emotional (importance of feelings and emotions, kindness), the axis of factors affecting the leadership of religious curiosity on the use of effective response methods (direct and indirect), modeling from (parents, peers, environment), application of religious instructions (establishing religious intimacy, creating religious knowledge, deepening beliefs), audience identification (considering cognitive development, paying attention to the principle of individual differences) The Islamic lifestyle is the focus of obstacles and challenges in guiding religious curiosity, including: lack of proper accountability, lack of necessary awareness regarding cognitive development and educational methods, negligence and failure of parents towards the religious education of their children, and the focus of harms from not guiding religious curiosity to It refers to creating divisions and distrust, suppressing curiosity and critical thinking, anxiety and confusion, severing family ties, and failing to transmit values.

Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the dimensions of religious curiosity, which include emotional, behavioral, spiritual, and cognitive dimensions, have been less researched. Also, in terms of factors affecting religious curiosity, the discussion of the impact of technology and cyberspace as an influential factor on guiding religious curiosity, which contributes to the mental and spiritual health of the child, requires further studies. However, in discussing the harms of not guiding religious curiosity, more research and studies are needed so that future results can be used by future leaders as factors for preventing religious fanaticism and misunderstandings in children.