A Jurisprudential Analysis of the Prohibition of Some Permissible Mammals, with Emphasis on the Wisdoms Related to Human Health
Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat (i.e., Research on Religion & Health),
Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026),
6 October 2026
https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v12i3.48316
Abstract
Background and Objective: From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, there are specific conditions and regulations for the consumption of the meat of quadrupeds that are originally and inherently lawful (halal) to eat. Despite their essential permissibility, in certain cases the consumption of their meat or by-products becomes unlawful (haram). The present study aims to identify the most significant cases in which the consumption of halal quadrupeds becomes incidentally prohibited according to Islamic jurisprudence, and to present some of the wisdoms behind these prohibitions.
Methods: The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and by referring to jurisprudential and scientific sources, examines the most important instances of prohibition in utilizing halal quadrupeds. In addition to highlighting the wisdom behind these prohibitions as reflected in certain narrations (hadiths), the study also correlates and analyzes relevant scientific findings wherever applicable.
Findings: Based on the findings, the most significant cases and instances in which halal quadrupeds become unlawful (haram) include: carrion and anything considered as such, animals that consume filth (najis), animals subjected to sexual abuse, those that have consumed pig's milk, and diseased animals.
Conclusion: Following jurisprudential and scientific examination, it was concluded that the permissibility of consuming halal quadrupeds is not absolute, and under certain conditions, they may be deemed unlawful (haram). Moreover, animals should not be viewed merely as utilitarian tools, and excess or transgression in their treatment must be avoided. In some cases, the consumption of their meat becomes permanently forbidden due to a specific cause, while in others, the prohibition may be temporary. These rulings are predominantly established to uphold the rights and well-being of animals, to protect human health, and to ensure hygienic standards. It can also be stated that modern scientific findings generally align with the rulings examined in this study.
- Fiqh
- Hikmah
- Halal meat
- Quadrupeds
How to Cite
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