Jurisprudential and Ethical Analysis of Human Gene Editing at the Embryonic Stage
Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat (i.e., Research on Religion & Health),
Vol. 12 No. 3 (2026),
6 October 2026
https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v12i3.48242
Abstract
Background and Objective: Human gene editing at the embryonic stage is one of the most advanced and challenging biotechnologies, capable of creating a profound transformation in the fields of medicine, health, and human identity. This technology, made possible through tools such as CRISPR-Cas9, offers the potential to treat genetic diseases and improve genetic traits. However, the use of this technology, especially in human embryos, requires precise and balanced analysis from a jurisprudential and ethical perspective. This article analyzes the jurisprudential and ethical aspects of this technology at the embryonic stage.
Methods: This research employs an analytical-descriptive method. In this method, relevant data on the subject are first collected from reliable Islamic sources, including the Quran, Sunnah, consensus (Ijma'), intellect (Aql), and jurisprudential works of Shiite scholars. Then, with an analytical approach, the existing views on the legitimacy or illegitimacy of human gene editing at the embryonic stage are examined and explained. Furthermore, for the ethical analysis of the topic, reliable sources in the field of Islamic bioethics have been utilized. The data have been systematically analyzed with precise referencing to sources and page numbers. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Findings: From the perspective of Shiite jurisprudence, intervention in the human genome must adhere to religious regulations and be within the framework of religious principles. This article shows that in specific circumstances, such as the treatment of incurable diseases, this technology can be permissible based on the rule of "necessities make forbidden things permissible" (Al-Darurat Tubih Al-Mahzurat). However, unnecessary and enhancement-oriented changes, such as increasing intelligence or beauty, especially in embryos, face serious jurisprudential obstacles. In the ethical section, this article addresses issues such as human dignity, bio-justice, and the risks of genetic discrimination, emphasizing that the use of gene editing technology must be done carefully and in compliance with ethical principles to prevent any misuse and social deviations.
Conclusion: Human gene editing at the embryonic stage is neither absolutely permissible (halal) nor absolutely forbidden (haram), but rather requires adherence to precise religious and ethical regulations. The formulation of legal, jurisprudential, and ethical frameworks commensurate with rapid biotechnological developments is essential to prevent misuse.
- Bioethics
- CRISPR-Cas9
- Gene editing
- Genetics
- Human embryo
- New technology
- Shiite jurisprudence
How to Cite
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