Examining the Validity of Medical Tests in the Issues Related to Jurisprudence
Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va Salāmat (i.e., Research on Religion & Health),
Vol. 8 No. 3 (2022),
18 September 2022
,
Page 156-171
https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v8i3.34693
Abstract
Background and Objective: Finding the relevance of medical experiments and tests to some religious orders in Islam dates back to the narrations. Since the new experimental achievements have led to the emergence of new issues in Jurisprudence (fiqh), the purpose of the present study is to elaborate on the new medical experiments according to the fiqh criteria of Imamiah (Shia) and examine the validity and acceptability of these proofs in Jurisprudence issues, i.e. to determine the conditions and criteria for these types of tests.
Methods: The present study is library-based and was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. An attempt was made to examine the validity and authority of medical experiments and tests for fiqh issues using the Jurisprudence laws and principles and the teachings from the narrations from the perspective of Imamiah (Shia) Jurisprudence. The authors reported no conflict of interests in this study.
Results: The tests conducted in the new sciences that are relevant to the Jurisprudence issues were categorized into four categories of pathology, toxicology, serology, and genetics. The views and perspectives of the contemporary Imamiah religious experts about the medical tests were presented in two general fatwas: a) authority and validity of tests if only they lead to absoluteness and science and b) general invalidity of these types of tests. In order to explain the applicability of medical experiments to religious orders as criterion, the tests were classified into two categories: estimation-based and hypothetical. Then, their validity and scope of authority as proof were examined from the perspective of Imamiah Jurisprudence.
Conclusion: The conclusions of the present study can be presented based on three general categories of data: a) Estimation tests: Validity of estimation experiments is not provable and lack of reason for validity can be considered as the reason for lack of validity; b) The validity of sensory tests is defensible via the reasons for its validity if the issue of concern is an example of evidence and attestation and there is no better reason like the number of experimenters for the mentioned conditions; c) The validity of hypothetical tests is defensible via the reasons for validity if the issue of concern is consistent with the experts’ views. In conclusion, a single experimenter’s opinion is enough for the religious orders and there is no need for numerous views by the experimenter in sensory and hypothetical tests.
- Authority; Estimation test; Hypothetical test; Proof of attestation; Sensory test
How to Cite
References
Ibna Bastam A. Teb al-Aemeh. Qom: Dar al-Sharif al-Rad; 1990.p.18-120. (Full Text in Arabic)
Hor-e Ameli M. Vasael al-Shi'a. Qom: Moasseseh al-Bayt; 1988. (Full Text in Arabic)
Najafi M. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ-e sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Beirut: Dar Ehya' al-Toras al-Arabi; 1983. (Full Text in Arabic)
Imam Reza. Fegh al-Reza. Moasseseh al-Albayt: Mashhad. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sheikh Sadooq M. Man La Yahzaroh al-Faqih. Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat-e Islami; 1992. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sheikh Sadoogh M. al-Moghnei. Qom: Moasseseh Imam Hadi; 1992. (Full Text in Arabic)
Makarem Shirazi N. al-Nekah. Qom: Entesharat-e Madreseh Imam Ali; 2003. (Full Text in Persian)
Salarzaee AH, Rayatie Heydar Abadi R. Based Out of Conflict Judicial Indications Based on Medical Tests With Legal Indications. Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2018;24(1):70-80. (Full Text in Persian)
Pile A, Alavi Ghazvini SA, Razieei A. The Review of DNA Test in Negating the Lineage. Private Law. 2013;10(1):139-58. (Full Text in Persian)
Pile A, Alavi Ghazvini SA, Razieei A. Role of DNA In Confirm of Lineage. Journal of Family Research. 2014;9(3):381-97 .(Full Text in Persian)
Mozafar MR. Usool al-Fiqh. Qom: Ismaeilian; 1996. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mohaghegh Khorasani MK. Kifayat al-usul. 1 ed. Qom: Moasseseh al-Albayt;1988. (Full Text in Arabic)
Makarem Shirazi N. al-Ghavaed al-Feghhiyeh. Qom: Madreseh Imam Ali (PBUH); 1990 .(Full Text in Arabic)
Mortazavi Langheroodi SMH. al-Dor al-Nazid fi al-Ijtihad va al-Ehtiat va al-Taghlid. Qom: Moasseseh Ansarian; 1990. (Full Text in Persian)
Fazel Lankarai M. Jame' al-Masail. Qom: Amir. (Full Text in Persian)
Makarem Shirazi N. al-Fatavi al-Jadidah. Qom: Madreseh Imam Ali (pbuh); 2006 .(Full Text in Persian)
Mousavi Golpayegani SMR. Majma' al-Masael. Qom: Dar al-Quran al-Karim; 1988. (Full Text in Persian)
Mousavi Khoei SA. Serat al-Nejat. Qom: Maktab-e al-Nashr-e al-Montakhab; 1995. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mousavi Khoei SA. Mawsueh Imam Khoei. Qom: Moasese Ehya-e Asar-e al-Emam al-Khoei; 1997. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mousavi Ardabili SA. Fiqh al-Ghaza. Qom; 2002.
(Full Text in Arabic)
Rashti H. al-Ghaza. Qom: Dar al-Quran al-Karim; 1980. (Full Text in Arabic)
Abdorrahman M. Mojam Mostalahat Va Alfaz Fiqhiyah. (Full Text in Arabic)
Meshkini Ardabili A. Estelahat al-Ousoul va Mozam Abhasha. Qom: al-Hadi; 1954. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sobhani Tabrizi J. Ershad al-Qoloob Ela Mabahes al-Osool. Qom: Moasseseh Imam Sadegh (pbuh); 2003. (Full Text in Arabic)
Esfahani Najafi MT. Hedayat al-Mostarshedin. Qom: Moasseseh Nashr-e Islami; 2008 .(Full Text in Arabic)
Borojerdi H. Nehayat al-Osool. Tehran: Tafakor; 1994. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mousavi Khoei SA. Mesbah al-Osool. Qom: Moasese Ehya-e Asar-e al-Emam al-Khoei; 2001. (Full Text in Arabic)
Bahrani MS. Bohos fi Mabani Elm al-Rijal. Qom: Maktabeh al-Fadak; 2008. (Full Text in Arabic)
Shobeiri Zanjani SM. al-Nekah. Qom: Moasseseh Pazuheshi-e Ray-Pardaz; 1998. (Full Text in Persian)
Ameli (Shahid Sani) Z. al-Rozat al-Bahiyeh Fi Sharh al-Loma' al-Dameshqiyah. Qom: Davari; 1989. (Full Text in Arabic)
Lari SA. Altalige Ala al-Makaseb: Moasseseh al-Maaref al-Islamiyah; 1997. (Full Text in Arabic)
Helli H. Tahrir al-Ahkam al-Shariat ala Mazhab al-Imamiyah. Qom: Moasseseh Imam Sadegh (pbuh); 1999. (Full Text in Arabic)
Ameli SN. al-Favaed al-Madaniyah va Bazilah al-Shavahed al-Makiyah. Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat-e Islami; 2005. (Full Text in Arabic)
Bahrani- Ale- Osfour Y. Hada'eq al-Nazirah fi Ahkam al-Itrat al-Tahirat. Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat-e Islami; 1984. (Full Text in Arabic)
The Holy Quran. Translated by: Mohamad Mehdi Fooladvand. Tehran:Payam-e Edalat. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sharif-Morteza A. Rasael al-Sharif al- Morteza. Qom: Dar al-Qur'an al-Karim; 1984. (Full Text in Arabic)
Toosi M. al-Khalaf. Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat-e Islami; 1986. (Full Text in Arabic)
Ansari M. Matrah al-Anzar. Qom: Majmae al-Fekr al-Islamiyeh; 2004. (Full Text in Arabic)
Naeini MH. Favaed al Usool. Qom: Jame Modaresin Hovzeh Elmiyeh Qom; 1997. (Full Text in
Arabic)
Ansari M. Favaed al-Osool. Qom: Moasseseh al- Nashr-e al-Islami; 1995. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mirzay-e Qomi A. al-Qavanin al-Mahkamat fi al-Usool. Qom: Ehyae al-Kotob al-Islamiyeh; 2008. (Full Text in Arabic)
Soleymani S, Farhadzadeh AM. The Consistency between Health Fields and Religion in their Approach to Covid-19. Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat. 2020;6(2):180-6. (Full Text in Persian)
Abdoljabari M, Karamkhani M, Dolatshahi F. Euthanasia and Assisted Death. Journal of Reaserch on Religion & Health. 2015;1(1):56-64. (Full Text in Persian)
Bojnordi SH. al-Ghavaed al-Feghhiyeh Qom: al-Hadi; 1998. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sadr SMB. Bohoos fi Shrh-e al-Orvato al-Vosgha. Qom: Majma al-Shahid Ayat-allah al-Sadr; 1987. (Full Text in Arabic)
Makarem-e Shrazi N. Daerat al-Maaref Fegh-e Mogharen. Qom: Madreseh Imam Ali(pbuh); 2006. (Full Text in Persian)
Najafi MN. Jawāhir al-kalām fī sharḥ sharāʾiʿ al-islām. Beirut: Dar al-Ehya al-torath al-Arabi; 1997. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sadr MB. Mabahes al-Usool. Qom: Maktab al-Elam al-Eslami; 1987. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sadoogh M. Man la Yahzor-alfaghih. Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat-e Islami; 1993.(Full Text in Arabic)
Toosi M. Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Correction by Khorsan Hassan al-Musawi. 4 ed. Tehran: Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiye; 1986. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mostafavi MK. al-Ghavaed al-Feghhiye. Qom: Markaz-e al-Alami leldaresat al-Islamiyeh; 2005. (Full Text in Arabic)
Khoei A. Ghayat al-Mamool Qom: Majma al-Fekr al-eslamiyeh; 2007. (Full Text in Arabic)
Soleimani S, Abdoljabbari M, Karamkhani M. A narrative view of communicable diseases: from reality to denial. Islamic Studies in Health. 2021;5(1):25-36. (Full Text in Persian)
Makarem Shirazi N. Daerat al-Maaref Feghh-e Mogharen. Qom: Madreseh Imam Ali (pbuh); 2006. (Full Text in Persian)
Mousavi Khoei SA. al-Tanghih fi Sharh-e Orvato al-Vosgha. Qom: Eshraf; 2004. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mousavi Khoei S. Fegh Shia-Ketab al-Taharat. Qom Afagh; 2004.(Full Text in Arabic)
Zanjani SM. Nekah. Qom: Moasseseh Pizuhishi-e Ray-Pardaz; 1998. (Full Text in Persian)
Isfehani Compani MH. Salat al-Jemaat. Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat-e Islami; 1988. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sadr M. Mavara al-Feghh. Beirut: Dar Al-Azwa; 1999. (Full Text in Arabic)
Sadr R. al-Ejtehad va al-Taghlid. Qom: Daftar-e Tablighat; 1999. (Full Text in Arabic)
Tabatabaei MS. al-Kafi fi Usoolal-Feghh. Beirut: Dar al-Helal; 2007. (Full Text in Arabic)
Hassanzaadeh M. The Relation of Expertise to Testimony in Islamic Law and Jurisprudence. Islamic Law. 2005;1(4):71-83. (Full Text in Persian)
Gharavi Naeini MH. al-Salat. Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat-e Islami; 1990. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mostafavi MK. al-Ghavaed al-Feghhiyeh. Qom: Markaz-e al-Alami lel-Derasat-e al-Islamiyeh; 2005. (Full Text in Arabic)
Tabrizi M. Favaed al-Usool. Qom: Sama-e Qalam; 2009. (Full Text in Arabic)
Naeini MH. Ajvad al-Taghrirat. Qom: Matba al-Erfan; 1973. (Full Text in Arabic)
Ameli (Shahid Aval) M. al-Doroos al-Shariat fi Feghh al-Emamiyeh. Qom: Daftar-e Entesharat-e Islami; 1996. (Full Text in Arabic)
Dezfooli M. al-Makaseb al-Mohtaramat va al-Beie va al-Ekhtiarat. Kongereh Jahani-e Bozorgdasht-e Sheikh Azam-e Ansari; Qom. 1994. (Full Text in Arabic)
Yazdi SMK. Hashiyeh al-Makaseb. Qom: Moasseseh Esmaeilian; 2000. (Full Text in Arabic)
Hoseini Rohani SS. Menhaj al-Feghahat. Qom: Anvar al-Hoda; 2008. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mousavi Khoei S. al-Makaseb-Mesbah-al-Feghahat. (Full Text in Arabic)
Khomeini SR. al-Beia. Tehran: Moasseseh Tanzim va Nashr-e Asar-e Emam Khomeini; 2000. (Full Text in Arabic)
Soleimani S, Abdoljabari M, Karamkhani M. The effect of Islamic slaughter on food health based on Islamic texts. Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences. 2020;25(1):e19-e. (Full Text in Persian)
Meshkini Ardebili A. Kefayat-o al-Osool. Qom: Loghman; 1992. (Full Text in Arabic)
Hoseini Firooz-Abadi M. Enayat al-Osool fi Sharh-e Kefayat-ol Osool. Qom: Firoozabadi; 1979. (Full Text in Arabic)
Taheri H, Hakim M. The study of criterion in accepting the view of the expert in Imamate 42. jurisprudence. Religious Researches. 2016;12(2):313- (Full Text in Persian)
Araki MA. Usool al-Feghh Qom Moasseseh dar Rah Hagh; 1996. (Full Text in Arabic)
Tabrizi J. Ershad al-Talebela al-Taligh ala al-Makaseb. Qom: Moasseseh Esmaeilian; 1995. (Full Text in Arabic)
Mohammad K, Malek-Afzali H. Statistical methods and health indicators. Tehran: Jafari Novin; 2015 .(Full Text in Persian)
- Abstract Viewed: 364 times
- PDF (فارسی) Downloaded: 157 times