تغییر پارادایم در پرستاری: از پارادایم مراقبت به پارادایم اسلام
پژوهش در دین و سلامت ,
دوره 8 شماره 1 (2022),
19 اسفند 2022
,
صفحه 111-129
https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v8i1.33802
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: نظريهپردازان پرستاري دانش پرستاري را در چارچوب فلسفههای حاکم تعریف کردهاند. نظریههای پرستاریِ متعلق به دوران مدرنیسم بر اساس مبانی فلسفۀ مدرنیسم طراحی شده بود. با بیان انتقادات به پیامدهای منفی مدرنیسم، دانشمندان پرستاری تصمیم به گذر از مدرنیسم به پستمدرنیسم و پارادایم مراقبت نشئتگرفته از پستمدرنیسم گرفتند. اما بیان انتقادات زیاد به مبانی پستمدرنیسم موجب شد که به کارایی پارادایم مراقبت نیز تردید شود. مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف بررسی پیامدهای پارادایمهای بیومدیکال و مراقبت بر پرستاری و ارائۀ پارادایمی توحیدی و جایگزین انجام شده است.
روش کار: مطالعۀ حاضر از نوع کتابخانهای است. در این پژوهش به بررسی مقالات و کتب مختلف دربارۀ مهمترین فلسفه و پارادایمهای پرستاری در محدودۀ زمانی سالهای 1950 تا 2020 در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی داخلی و خارجی با رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی پرداخته شده است. مؤلفان مقاله تضاد منافعی گزارش نکردهاند.
یافتهها: تکبُعدیانگاری و توجه صِرف به علائم عینی از جمله انتقادات وارد بر مدرنیسم و پارادایم بیومدیکال است. همچنین نبود معیار متقن خوبی یا بدی، نقض قانون اجتماع نقیضین با بیان قبول چندحقیقتی در جهان و انکار قواعد کلی از جمله انتقادات وارد بر پستمدرنیسم و پارادایم مراقبت است. پارادایم اسلامی ضمن داشتن نقاط قوت دو پارادایم گذشته، نقاط ضعف آنها را ندارد.
نتیجهگیری: با توجه به لزوم ارائۀ پارادایم پرستاری مبتنی بر فلسفۀ حاکم بر هر جامعه، پارادایم اسلامی راهکاری جهت برونرفت از چالشهای ایجادشده با پارادایم فعلی در پرستاری پیشنهاد میگردد.
- اسلام؛ پارادایم؛ پستمدرنیسم؛ مراقبت پرستاری
ارجاع به مقاله
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