Professional Code of Ethics of Psychologists in Iran, Netherlands and Switzerland: A Comparative Study
akhlāq-i pizishkī i.e., Medical Ethics,
Vol. 14 No. 45 (1399),
30 March 2020
,
Page 1-15
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v14i45.30755
Abstract
Background and Aim: The code of ethics is constantly being reviewed, due to some changes in the professional fields of psychologists and the needs of their target groups. Conducting comparative studies creates sensibilities in experts to meet the challenges of the code of ethics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the code of ethics of psychologists in Iran with the Netherlands and Switzerland's.
Materials and Methods: The present study is comparative study. Using Science Direct, Pubmed and Google Scholar databases between 2000 and 2019, the keywords of code of ethics, psychology, Iran, Netherlands and Switzerland and their Persian equivalents were searched separately and in combination. The code of ethics of the Netherlands and Switzerland were purposefully selected based on the research gaps in this field; it was also structurally and contently examined, as a basis for comparison, by the Iranian code of ethics.
Findings: Structurally, all three codes of ethics have common ground in the introduction and basic principles, but Switzerland and Netherlands ' codes of ethics differ in the code of conduct. In terms of content, Switzerland and Netherlands' codes of ethics are based on clear, definite and operational codes. In addition, they have adapted to the new conditions more than the Iranian code of ethics, especially in the codes related to advertising and resolving ethical issues and they have been able to create organizational and administrative structures.
Ethical Considerations: Honesty and fidelity were considered in the reporting of the texts, citing sources and avoiding any bias.
Conclusion: By making new changes in the Iranian code of ethics, especially in the field of clarifying the concepts and basic principles of ethics, as well as providing accurate ethical codes, taking into account the practical aspects and the method of their implementation, some challenges can be addressed.
Cite this article as: Nazari E, Saed O. Professional Code of Ethics of Psychologists in Iran, Netherlands and Switzerland: A Comparative Study. Faṣlnāmah-i akhlāq-i pizishkī i.e., Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics. 2020; 14(45): e29.
- Code of Ethic; Professional Ethics; Iran; Netherland; Switzerland; Comparative Study
How to Cite
References
Flanagan C, Banyard P. Ethical Issues in Psychology. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2011.
Francis R. Ethics for psychologists. 2nd ed. Oxford UK: BPS Blackwell; 2009.
Isaac R. Ethics in the practice of clinical psychology. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2009; 6(2): 69-74.
Hoseinian S. Ethics in counseling and psychology. Tehran: Kamal Tarbiat Press; 2009. p.1-339. [Persian]
Duffy M, Passmore J. Ethics in coaching: An ethical decision making framework for coaching psychologists. International Coaching Psychology Review 2010; 5(2): 140-151.
Bhola P, Sinha A, Sonkar S, Raguram A. Ethical dilemmas experienced by clinical psychology trainee therapists. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2015; 12(4): 206-212.
American Psychological Association. Revision of Ethical Standard 3.04 of the "Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct" (2002, as amended 2010). Am Psychol 2016; 71(9): 900-1025.
Psychology and Counseling Organization of Iran. ProfassionalProfessional Ethic codes System. Psychotherapical Novelties 2008; 49(1): 136-148. [Persian]
Netherlands Institute of Psychologists. Code of Ethics. 2015. Available at: https://www.psynip.nl/en/ dutch-association-psychologists/code-of-ethics/code-ethics-2015/.
Federation of Swiss Psycologists. Code of Professional Conduct. 2019. Available at: https://www.psy.it/federation-of-swiss-psycologists-code-of-professional-conduct.
Aubé N. Ethical challenges for psychologists conducting humanitarian work. Canadian Psychology/ Psychologie Canadienne 2011; 52(3): 225-229.
Ramezani G, Mohammadi A, Salami J, Tebyanian H. Relationship between Professional Ethics and Administrative Integrity among Medical University Staff. Health Research Journal 2017; 2(2): 99-107.
Gauthier J, Pettifor J, Ferrero A. The Universal Declaration of Ethical Principles for Psychologists: A culture-sensitive model for creating and reviewing a code of ethics. Ethics & Behavior 2010; 20(3-4): 179-196.
Rashtbari A, Saed O. Cultural Aspects of Ethics in Psychotherapy. Journal of Medical Ethics 2018; 12(43): 1-14. [Persian]
Dowran B, Fathi-Ashtiani A. Psychologists' Professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England and Australia. Journal of Psychology 2019; 22(4): 396-412. [Persian]
Ebrahimian S, Saed O. Professional Code of Ethics of Psychologists in Iran, United States and Germany: A Comparative Study. Med Ethics J 2018; 12(43): e20. [Persian]
- Abstract Viewed: 600 times