بررسی پیامدهای اخلاقی، ابعاد حقوقی و راهکارهای ریشهکنی ختنه زنان
مجله اخلاق پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 5 شماره 18 (1390),
14 May 2014
,
صفحه 55-71
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v5i18.3389
چکیده
این مقاله مروری به ختنه زنان و پیامدهای سلامت، ابعاد حقوقی و راهکارهای پایانبخشیدن به آن پرداخته است. ختنه زنان به معنای بریدن بخشهایی از دستگاه تناسلی خارجی زنان است که به سه دسته اصلی 1- کلیتوریدکتومی (برداشتن بخش یا تمامی کلیتوریس) 2- اِکسیژن (بریدن کلیتوریس و لبهای کوچک با یا بدون برداشتن لبهای بزرگ) 3- اینفیبولیشن (محدودسازی مدخل واژن از طرق برشدادن و دوختن لبهای کوچک و یا بزرگ) تقسیم میشود. بر اساس آمارهای جهانی حدود 135 میلیون زن و دختر در جهان ختنه شدهاند. هر ساله 3 میلیون دختر آفریقایی ختنه میشوند. آمار دقیقی از میزان شیوع ختنه در بین زنان ایرانی وجود ندارد اما طبق تحقیقی در شهرستان میناب، این عمل از شیوع 70% برخوردار است. ختنه زنان به علل مختلف فرهنگی، اجتماعی و مذهبی انجام میشود. این کار ریشه در تبعیضهای شدید جنسیتی علیه زنان دارد. ختنه به عنوان عاملی برای حفظ باکرگی، زیبایی و پاکیزگی زن در نظر گرفته میشود. ختنه زنان دارای عوارض فراوانی است. عوارض کوتاهمدت نظیر درد، عفونت، مشکلات ادراری، سپتی سمی و پیامدهای بلندمدت مانند درد مزمن، عفونت لگنی، دیس پارونی و افزایش شیوع ناباروری است. ختنه زنان در روند زایمان اختلال ایجاد میکند و میزان مرگ مادر و نوزاد را افزایش میدهد. ختنه زنان مصداق خشونت علیه زنان و کودکان و نقض حقوق بشر است. همانطور که ذکر شد زنان و دختران در برخی مناطق ایران ختنه میشوند. برای توقف ختنه زنان در کشورمان میتوانیم از رسانهها، مدارس و گروههای مذهبی جهت افزایش آگاهی مردم استفاده کنیم و قوانینی علیه این عمل وضع کنیم. باید در نظر داشته باشیم که راه درازی پیش روی کسانی است که سعی در پایانبخشیدن به این عمل دارند.
- ختنه زنان؛ پیامدها؛ راهکارها
ارجاع به مقاله
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