Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the leading causes of organ failure in trauma patients who survive their primary injuries and are independently associated with higher mortality rates.

Trauma patients are at risk for AKI due to renal hypo perfusion (secondary to hemorrhagic shock), rhabdomyolysis, direct kidney injury, abdominal compartment syndrome, or therapeutic nephrotoxic effects. Older people, comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, more severe shock or injury, and blood transfusions increase the risk of AKI.

The incidence of AKI in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit is approximately 20%, and in this group of patients the relative risk of death increases 3.6 times.

All the above data indicate that acute renal injury is one of the most important in these patients. The importance of this issue is not only due to the increase in morbidity and mortality, but also the ease ways of prevention of this dangerous complication has added to the importance of paying more attention to this complication. The irreplaceable role of physicians dealing with trauma patients in the early stages is crucial in preventing acute kidney injury. The key to preventing this complication is to control the main elements that cause AKI: (1) to prevent hypovolemia (2) to prevent the administration of nephrotoxic drugs and contrast agents.

AKI is a recurrent complication in hospitalized trauma patients and is associated with an increased length of hospital stay and an increased risk of death. In addition, AKI is a common complication that leads to late death from trauma. The role of physicians and nurses in dealing with these patients and taking basic measures to prevent this complication is very important and vital. Planning to hold regular and frequent training and practical workshops for physicians and nurses in roadside emergencies and hospital emergencies can be effective in reducing this deadly complication.

How to cite this article: Hemati N, Ahmadi A. The Vital Role of Emergency Physicians in Reducing Acute Renal Injury due to Trauma. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):90-1.

Background and Objectives: Examining experiences related to past earthquakes, especially in developing countries suggest that in addition to fatalities and injuries caused by the main earthquake the large aftershocks also have effect to increasing the mentioned consequences. In this Research has presented a practical method in predicting the large aftershocks with the aim of reducing fatalities and injuries caused by their occurrence.

Materials and Methods: The survey method used in this study is based on statistical analysis related to basic parameters of the primary aftershocks such as: time occurrence, magnitude with aim of prediction of time the large aftershock for alarm and evacuation to people from non-resistant buildings. In this research has used seismic quiescence theory (time distance between aftershocks event) and analysis of the normalized data of depth and magnitude of primary aftershocks for the prediction of time and vulnerability level caused of the large aftershocks in Sefidsang earthquake in northeast of Iran.

Result: Data analysis suggests that there is the definite relationship between magnitude and seismic quiescence of primary aftershocks that this relationship can be base of analysis for prediction of the time of the large aftershocks.                                                                                                 

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that predicting the time and the rate of vulnerability of the large aftershocks can be obtained by combining the outputs of the two aforementioned analyzes.

How to cite this article: Fatemiaghda SM, Saket A, Sadeghi H, Fahimifar A. Large Aftershock Routing to Reduce Earthquake Fatalities and Injuries (Case Study, Sefidsang Earthquake on April 5, 2017 in Northeastern of Iran). Irtiqa imini pishgiri masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):92-101.

Background and objectives: Human error is one of the main reasons for occupational accidents. This study, in order to reduce occupational accidents, pathologized human error.

Materials and Methods: Qualitative research interviewed 28 supervisors of the steel industry community (1996 employee) in 2019 and four members of the Faculty of I/O Psychology of the University of Isfahan. The second step was a descriptive method of multiple correlations. Sample size (n = 123) was performed using Tabaching and Fidel (2007) formulas and random sampling was done by the available method. Participants fully informed about the procedures and risks involved in research and given their consent to participate. Data were collected through the researcher-made human error identification questionnaire (HEIQ), Scott and Bruce Decision Styles Questionnaire (1995), and NASA TLX Mental Load Index (1986). Inferential analysis of data was performed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach using Smart PLS (V2) statistical software and descriptive analysis using SPSS-25 statistical software.

Results: The results showed that the content validity index of the HEIQ was 0.82 and the content validity ratio was 0.76 (more than the minimum acceptable). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all questions was above 75%. Organizational factors are predictors of human factors (T = 25.86 and 9/84 = R2). The direct relationship between decision-making style and human factors was rejected (T = 1.91), But organizational factors moderated this relationship and determined the role of two styles of Decision making; avoidance (T = 7.00) and instantaneous (T = 4.14) on human factors (R2 = 0.288 and T = 4.99). Organizational factors also moderated the relationship between mental workload and human factors, which was not directly significant (T = 0.74) (R2 = 0.287 and T = 4.67).

Conclusion: Accurate analysis of accidents in order to improve the safety of work environments is possible by considering the intertwined relationships of human and organizational factors.

How to cite this article: Mohseni A, Samavatian H, Nouri A, Moghimi M. Pathology of Human Error and Specifying the Role of Decision-Making Styles and Mental Workload of the Employees. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):102-11.

Background and Objectives: Creating and strengthening safety behaviors is one of the important methods in preventing the occurrence of occupational accidents and injuries; Therefore, identifying the factors that lead to decrease or increase in safety behaviors are very effective and necessary in preventing the occurrence of occupational injuries, near miss accidents and occupational accidents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to, investigating the moderating role of social support on the relationship of job insecurity, role ambiguity, & role overload with safe behaviors in operational employees of an industrial company in Ahwaz.

Materials and Methods: The research method was causal-correlational and statistical population includes all 430 operational employees of an industrial company in Ahwaz in 2020. Morgan table was used to determine the sample size due to lack of community variance and lack of knowledge about the success or failure of variables that based on this, research sample equal to 217 people was obtained. For collecting data, was used standard questionnaires such as job insecurity, role ambiguity and conflict, role overload, safe behaviors, & social support  whose their reliability were calculated with Cronbach's alpha, & for analyzing data, was used SPSS 24, & PLS.

Results: There are negative & significant relationship between job insecurity, role ambiguity, & role overload with safe behaviors, & there is a positive & significant relationship between social support with safe behaviors (p<0.01). The results of enter regression analysis showed that all three variables of social support, job insecurity and role ambiguity can predict 37.6% of the total variance of safe behaviors (p< 0.01). By considering moderating role of social support, every three relationships (the relationships between job insecurity, role overload, & role ambiguity with safe behaviors) are affected by this role (T-value>1.96). The Goodness of Fit Index which indicates that this is acceptable for fitting the model, is acceptable & represents the confirmation of the research model (Cronbach's alpha & composite reliability>0.7).

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that job insecurity, role ambiguity, role overload, & social support are the significant determinants of safety behaviors. Therefore, it can be concluded that for removing or decreasing unsafe behaviors, organizations should create favorable working conditions which considers work life balance and employees’ well-being.

How to cite this article: Parizadeh S, Arshadi N. The Moderating Role of Social Support on the Relationship of Job Insecurity, Role Ambiguity, & Role Overload with Safe Behaviors in Operational Employees of an Industrial Company in Ahwaz. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):112-23.

Background and Objectives: Many cases of physical injuries of athletes have been reported at the beginning of the sports competition, many of which have been explained by the lack of proper warm up exercise and lack of mental, psychological and physical readiness to participate in the competition. The propose of current study is investigation the effect of 8 weeks warm up program on the prevention injury in Emam Ali military university students

Method and Material: For this research 80 Emam Ali military university students were selected purposefully based on inclusion and Exclusion criteria. Then Subjects were randomly divided into two groups included 40 subjects of experimental and 40 subjects control group. Then the subject in the experimental group performed a comprehensive warm up program of modified 11+ for 8 weeks and 3 session per week (24 session). And during this period, subject in the control group performed their daily programs. And their injuries were recorded for one semester. Chi-square statistical method was used to compare the incidence of injury between the two groups.

Results: The results of Chi square test showed that there is a significant difference between the incidence of general injuries between control and experimental group (p=0/01) Also, chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between the incidence of knee and ankle injuries in the subjects of the two groups (p=0/001). In general, the subjects in the experimental group were significantly less injured than the control group (p<0/05)

Conclusion: The present study showed that the comprehensive warm up program has an effect on prevention injury of students of emam Ali military University and instructors and professors of military universities can use the training protocol of the present study to prevent injury.

How to cite this article: Aslani M, Mohammadyari S, Ghardashi A, Zohrabi AR. The Effect of 8 Weeks Warm up Program on the Prevention Injury in Emam Ali Military University Students. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):124-32.

Background and Objective:  neurosurgery reoperation that occurs for various reasons such as complications of primary surgery, planned reoperation, emergency or unplanned reoperation, and increase the financial burden of the hospital and the patient, poor prognosis, and increase the length of stay in hospital and intensive care unit for the patient. Neurosurgery patients are among the patients in whom reoperations need to be evaluated. Determining the factors leading to reoperations in the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit determines the causes and improves the quality of the system to prevent preventable reoperations.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, the information of patients undergoing reoperation including the type of disease and initial surgery, reasons for reoperation were identified. The frequency of each of the three variables was examined in pairs. All reoperations and returns to the operating room during 5 consecutive years were reviewed. Information of all patients including demographic information, underlying disease, smoking and alcohol, cause of primary and reoperation surgery, medical history, type of operation, complications of the surgery, postoperative care were examined.

Results: In this study, it was found that age, sex, initial diagnosis, the distance between surgery and readmission, underlying disease, ICU admission, were not associated with the occurrence of neurosurgery reoperation. Variables associated with the occurrence of neurosurgery reoperation include open surgery, surgical disease including Cerebrovascular, duration of the first surgery, first emergency surgery, duration of further anesthesia in the first operation, bleeding rate and need for a packed cell, Need to receive FFP, some hospital complications

Conclusion: Determining the factors that cause neurosurgery re-operation, prevent such surgeries if possible and reduce costs and hospital load, and also patients suffer fewer complications and mortality.

How to cite this article: Goharani R, Ghasemi AR, Hajiesmaeili MR, Banar S, Alibabaei A, Shojaei SP, Dosara MA, Shafigh N, Nateghinia S. Determining the Factors Leading to Reoperations in the (Trauma) Intensive Care Unit of Neurosurgery of Loghman Hakim Hospital to Improve the Quality. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):133-43.

Background and Objectives: The present study investigates the effect of implementing the knowledge management on safety improvement of construction industry and presentes an appropriate knowledge management model for this improvement.

Materials and Methods: This research is a practical research in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey in term of data collection. Regarding the fact that the statistical society of this research is all experts in the field of construction management in the country, the number of memebers of statistical society is considered to be unlimited. After reviewing the research literature and interviewing with three experts, six main parameters “culture, acquisition, publish, creation, implementation and save” were identified as effective parameters of knowledge management on improving safety. Pearson correlation and one-sample t tests were used to examine the correlation between these parameters and knowledge management in improving the safety and to prove their relation. The necessary data were collected through the distribution of a questionnaire. A total of 384 people were determined as the sample size using the Cochran's formula and random sampling was performed. To check the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the content validity and Cronbach's alpha methods were used respectively. The value of this alpha was 0.948, which indicates the reliability of the distributed questionnaire. In addition, all the calculations were done in SPSS software.

Results : Findings showed that application of knowledge management in order to improve the safety of construction industry will have a positive affect on decreasing the accidents and hazards. According to experts, it is necessary to consider the implementation and development of all six steps of safety knowledge management in improving safety.

Conclusion Finally, a model based on the results of field research and expert opinions was presented that has six main stages (culture, acquisition, publish, creation, application and save) in which culture is considered as the initial stage and basis of knowledge management to improve safety.

How to cite this article: Alipouri Y, Javadi MH. Investigating the Effect and Presenting an Appropriate Model of Knowledge Management in Reducing Accidents and Hazards in the Construction Industry. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):144-52.

Background and Objectives: Changes in old age cause some problems in the elderly that these changes can be anatomical or physiological. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training without blood flow on insulin-like factor (IGF-1), C-terminal agrin fragment peptide (CAF) and body composition of the elderly.

Materials and Methods: The present research method is quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population in this study is the men of Mashhad. According to the inclusion criteria, after initial screening by the researcher, 45 people were randomly selected. ), Weight 81.34 ±5.99 (kg), body mass index 27.03 ± 1.51, experimental mass 26.26 ± 2.26 (percent) and muscle mass 53.36 ±4.07 in three groups Resistance training with (15 people) and without (15 people) restriction of blood flow و and control group (15 people) were divided. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test at the significance level of P /0.05 and SPSS software version 21.

Results: The results of the present study showed that the serum level of IGF-1 had a significant increase between the groups of resistance training with and without restriction of blood flow compared to the control group (P = 0.001, F = 49.02). Also, resistance training with limited blood flow had a greater effect on increasing IGF-1 levels (ES = 352.14, PC = 22.61) than the resistance training group without blood flow restriction (ES = 200, PC = 1.31). The results also showed that there was a significant decrease in serum C-peptide level between resistance training groups with limited blood flow and control group (P = 0.001, F = 39.93) but there was no significant difference between experimental groups (493 / 0 = F, 09/0 = P). The results also showed that exercise with and without restriction of blood flow reduced fat mass (P = 0.001, F = 16.95) and body mass index (P = 0.001, F = 44.30) compared to the control group. But there was no difference between the experimental groups (P = 1.00, F = 0.46).

Conclusion: Resistance training without blood flow restriction increases IGF-1 and decreases CAF peptide, fat mass and body mass index in the elderly.

How to cite this article: Zoraqi MR, Barjaste Yazdi A, Khajei R, Rashidlamir A. Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training with Limitation of Blood Flowing on Insulin-1 Factor, Agerin C Cerpinal Perpetrate and Elderly Composition. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):153-64.

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercise on adiponectin and resistin levels in middle-aged men after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Method and Materials: The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test with post-test. The statistical population was all patients with coronary artery bypass grafting in Mashhad. In the present study, a research sample consisting of 26 middle-aged men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery was divided into experimental (14) and control (12) groups according to the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and correlated t-test at the significance level of P≥0.05.

Results: The results of paired t-test showed that adiponectin levels in the combination group increased significantly after eight weeks of combination training (P = 0.001), but decreased significantly in the control group (P = 0.577). Also, the results of independent t-test showed that adiponectin levels in the combined exercise group were significantly higher than the control group (P = 0.0001). Also, in relation to the resistin index, the results of the correlation test showed that the levels of this index in the combined training group decreased significantly after eight weeks of training protocol (P = 0.005). But in the control group, a non-significant increase was observed (P = 0.720). Also, the results of independent test showed that the resistance levels of the combined exercise group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P = 0.006)

Conclusion: The present study showed that combination exercises because positive changes in cardiovascular factors and can be used as a non-pharmacological method to treat these diseases.

How to cite this article:

Nikkar H, Rashidlamir A, Khajei R, Barjeste A. The Effect of Eight Weeks of Combined Rehabilitation Training on Plasma Levels of Resistin and Adiponectin in Middle-Aged Men after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(2):165 -76.