Tārīkh-i pizishkī i.e., Medical History

Although education is one of the most important topics in educating the future makers of society and universities and scientific centers have been established to achieve this main goal, but so far the ethical issues in this area have not been considered as they should be. Paying attention to moral points and being aware of the methods and goals of education, especially moral education, requires recognizing the opinions of great educators and philosophers, especially Muslim philosophers. Ibn Sina's views on Islamic education have a high status among them, so much so that some believe that he is the first Muslim scholar to comment on education. Ibn Sina has a comprehensive view of education and has also written a book on education and its principles called the measures of houses.

Experience has shown that the adaptation of cultural and social issues from the West can not solve educational and moral issues in our society. Therefore, the new generation of Islamic philosophers must follow a system that updates traditional values ​​according to the needs of modern Islamic societies.

In professional teachings, professional ethics is also mentioned a lot. The religious moral system is based on revelation and has a guarantee of strong internal and permanent implementation by believing in the existence of God. This system, by having role models such as the Imams, who have always maintained their moral obligations, even in unfavorable conditions, has provided the possibility of moral growth for their followers. Therefore, paying more attention to religious teachings in order to revive professional ethics by using prophetic ethics is one of the issues that need serious attention. Ethical modeling, especially in the younger generation, is one of the things that should not be neglected, and according to the rich Islamic thought, such patterns are widely available.

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There is no definite code of ethics in field of medical education in Iran and we cannot even see any accent in this regard in medical education references.

We can define 3 major fields in medical education ethics such as:

-           Student – Patient relationship

-           Teacher- Student relationship

-           Relationship with other colleagues and hospital staff

In this article our concern about medical students’ envelopes all medical students in different educational levels (Interns, residents, fellowships ...).

Respecting ethical values in field of education, not only help us to produce morally committed physicians, but also help medical community to respect patient rights.

Faculty ethics is that origins of obtaining of good qualities and method of struggling with bad qualities and their effects on a person and society.

Undoubtedly, ethical discussions have begun since time human was born. From Hazrat Adam to other divine prophets alternatively refined morally that is base of salvation. The greatest teacher of ethics is Prophet of Islam who was chosen as a prophet with motto of “I was chosen for completion of magnanimity of ethics” and the God stated about him and you are good-tempered certainly, prophetic ethics should be named spiritual and divinity manner. Crucial rule of ethics and spiritualties is main indexes of Islamic civilization. Gorgy Zeidan, is Lebanese Christian writer, states “From beginning Moslems make customary and give priority Islamic religion with emphasis on ethics and spiritualties and Originate Islamic civilization on the basis of ethics and spiritualties.

One religious ethical system, based on unique qualities: leaning on divine voice, enjoying continuous and internal stable executive vouching with believing to God and resurrection, including all vital field, being far from oppressive severities – spreading Islamic ethical resources, conformity with various local and time conditions- enjoying ethical samples such as Aemeh Athar who stood fast on their ethical commitments- Making ethical growth for the whole of human equally.

The studied object in this paper: considering role of ethics in the religious teachings, with indicating to its particulars, is based on hidden values in the school, chosen from divine revelation and prophetic ethics with benefiting from review & librarian method. The conclusion of this survey shows, being necessary notice, more to the religious teachings for reviving the vocational ethics and magnificent of civilization inheritance with using of the prophetic ethics and this importance is dependent to create the vocation ethics in all organizations and vocations. Making sample of ethic especially for young generation is imperatives that should not be ignored.

Background: Research is a step that researcher clear an obscure problem until find a detailed and reasonable answer for it. Research ethics is a branch of professional ethics and it is concerned ethical principles that have guided the research from beginning to end. Since education has the fundamental ethical purpose of improving the lives of individuals, communities and society, ethical considerations must lie at the core of educational research. The aim of this review article is explained ethical considerations in educational research.

Method: This article offers an overview of ethical issues in the field of educational research literature related to ethical considerations in educational research have been published during the period 1999 to 2013 using the keywords ethical considerations, research, educational, moral guide in library and databases such as Eric, Medline and Google Scholar search engines such searches and have been studied.

Conclusions: After examining the ethics of educational research in three dimensions include participant, design, implementation and dissemination of the research results, according to our findings, Professional codes and guidelines and, if necessary circumstances necessary laws and regulations to prevent further possible deviations in the course of study are necessary. Doing research under the supervision of research ethics committees (which were established by the university, institutions, associations related to the field of educational research), Seems to be necessary And educational researchers to be bound by these associations and their codes and instructions. The development of such associations in order to give a boost to the moral status of research is suggested.

Codes of ethics and conduct in teaching include professional values and aims to provide some guidance for instructors in relation with their action. Online learning is the special kind of education, rooted in computer- based learning. Since this kind of education Forms as virtual classes and via the Internet, has own ethical challenges, and needs to provide ethical codes about the function of institution, instructors, staffs and students. In short, ethical codes of online learning include: ability to have equal access to the Internet; academic integrity, commitment to maintaining the privacy and confidentiality of individuals; require to avoid plagiarism in academic searching; respect to copyright and fair use  of resources;  and  require to avoid ethical violations.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce these codes of ethics in online education.

Medical universities responsible for educating physicians are responsible that after graduation able to perform their professional duties and adhere to certain principles that the profession requires, in their efforts to promote health.

Medical graduates have acquired the capabilities to be able to offer services to the community one of these capabilities; professionalism is one of the most difficult areas of assessment and evaluation.

Promoting professional behavior is currently a chief concern across the continuum of medical education. A critical component of this initiative involves assessment. It is through assessment that educators can gauge the progress their learners are making in becoming and being professional; and it is through assessment that they can ascertain the success of programs promoting professionalism.

What is then known is that professionalism is a central and developing concept in the medical practice and that assessment is needed for the promotion of professionalism.

The aim of this paper is to identify and describe different methods of assessing professionalism.

Education is a complicated, extensive and time-consuming issue. The first step to do this is to specify goals we intend to achieve and achieving these goals needs applying these methods. Knowledge of methods and goals of education especially moral education requires understanding of ideas of educators and great, particularly Islamic philosophers. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to investigate moral education from Avicenna's point of view. The method used in this research is qualitative content analysis. Research resources include books, theses, journal, articles and research studies related to research issues.

Avicenna assumes that the most important and main goal of education is the individual and community's achieving the happiness and perfection. One of the most important goals of moral education of this great philosopher is acquiring moderation and moral virtues. This study attempts to consider the significance of morality and moral education from Avicenna's point of view by research in this great philosopher's thoughts and to represent ways of moral education, processes of education, teaching materials, the features of a good teacher and methods of education from his point of view and finally we will achieve considerable results.

Background: A new course named as nursing ethics and rules was established from 2^nd semester of 2010-2011 in undergraduate course of nursing in Ilam University of medical sciences. The objective of this research was to study the perspectives of nursing students about course.

Methods: In a descriptive study, 81 nursing student who passed the course were selected in census and their perceptions were surveyed by a researcher – made questionnaire. Data were collected through 1 month after exam of the course in 4 groups from August 2011 to February 2013.

Results: 75 students including 53 (70.7%) female students completed the questionnaires. Results showed that sample reported very high rank as 85.4% for necessity, 73.4% for organizing of curriculum, 74.7% for perceived usefulness, 82.7% for probable usefulness, and 81% for appropriateness of curriculum with nursing roles and duties. 81.4% suggest deleting and modifying the section of introduction and history of medical ethics from curriculum. 70.7% pointed the 6^th semester of B.A course before entering internship for presenting the course. 88% suggest increasing outline to 2 credits (34 hours) and 76% report that the scenario based exam is best way to evaluation. 90.7% believed that the lecturer should be a model of moral character, 80% and 28% agree with teaching the legal and ethics contents by specialist respectively.

Conclusion: The new course of professional rules and ethics was an appropriate response to educational needs of nursing students in areas of necessity, organizing of curriculum, usefulness, and appropriateness of curriculum. Results of this study showed need to empower lecturer, using student- directed methods, teaching the course by good moral character lecturer and introducing a course with ethical contents in nursing curriculum.