مهندسی ژنتیک در محصولات غذایی و دارویی: فواید، نگرانیها و ملاحظات اخلاقی
مجله اخلاق پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 15 شماره 46 (1400),
7 خرداد 2021
,
صفحه 1-15
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v15i46.35268
چکیده
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زمینه و هدف: به منظور حفظ جمعیت رو به رشد جهان، بایستی تولید محصولات غذایی 70 درصد بیشتر از آنچه تولید امروز است، رشد داشته باشد. یک راه حل قابل توجه و پایدار برای ریشهکنکردن گرسنگی استفاده از ارگانیسمهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی (Genetically Modified Organisms) یا تراریخته است. اصلاحات ژنتیکی منجر به بازده بیشتر در کشاورزی و دامداری و همچنین توسعه داروهای جدید زیستی، واکسنها و پروتئینها شده است. با وجود مزایای بزرگی که مهندسی ژنتیک و تراریختهها میتوانند داشته باشند، احتمال خطرات و نگرانیها در زمینههای خاصی را هم ایجاد میکنند، به علاوه با توجه به جدیدبودن این محصولات و همچنین تغییرات وسیعی که در مسائل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، وضعیت سلامت و ایمنی میتوانند ایجاد نمایند، مسائل مربوط به اخلاق زیستی نیز در مورد آنها اهمیت مضاعف مییابد.
مواد و روشها: این مطالعه به روش مروری انجام شده و دادههای پژوهش با جستجو در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی Web of Science، Pubmed، Scopus، Google Scholar، بانک اطلاعات نشریات ایران (Magiran)، پایگاه مرکز اطلاعات علمی جهاد دانشگاهی (SID) با واژگان کلیدی Ethic، Genetic Engineering، Genetically Modified Organisms و تراریخته گردآوری شد.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: یافتههای حاصل از این مقالات در تمام مراحل پژوهش بدون سوگیری و با رعایت جنبههای اخلاقی عنوان شد.
یافتهها: در این بررسی، ابتدا به برخی از تأثیرات مفید اینگونه محصولات برای انسان و سهم آنها در حفظ منابع موجود اشاره شده است، سپس نگرانیهای احتمالی در مورد تولید انبوه و مصرف محصولات ژنتیکی و همچنین مسائل مربوط به ایمنی آنها مورد بحث قرار گرفته است. سرانجام لزوم رعایت ملاحظات اخلاقی، اهمیت رعایت حقوق مشتریان و برچسبزنی محصولات عنوان شده است.
نتیجهگیری: اتخاذ سیاستهای منطقی و آیندهنگر با رعایت جنبههای اخلاقی، وضع قوانین یکپارچه به منظور جلوگیری از سردرگمی مصرفکنندگان، رعایت جنبههای اخلاقی و اطلاعرسانی صحیح و به دور از موضعگیری میتواند ضمن جلوگیری از مخاطرات احتمالی این فناوری، مردم را ازمزایای آن بهرهمند نماید.
- تراریخته؛ اخلاق زیستی؛ مهندسی ژنتیک؛ ایمنی
ارجاع به مقاله
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