Developing a Model of Professional Ethics Based on Flourishing and Self-Efficacy in Counselors and Psychologists: The moderating Role of Social Desirability and Demographic Factors
akhlāq-i pizishkī i.e., Medical Ethics,
Vol. 14 No. 45 (1399),
30 March 2020
,
Page 1-16
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v14i45.33359
Abstract
Background and Aim: Given the important role of counselors and psychologists in promoting psychological health in society, the compliance of professional ethics in these occupations is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting professional ethics in counselors and psychologists.
Materials and Methods: The research method was correlational using structural equation modeling method. The sample consisted of 400 counselors and psychologists who were selected online through social media. The instruments used were professional ethic (Cadozier, 2002), General Self-efficacy scale (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995), Flourishing scale (Diener, 2010) and Social desirability scale (Marlowe & Crowne, 1998). Data analysis was performed by statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software.
Findings: The results of structural equation modeling showed that the model of relationships between self-efficacy, flourishing and professional ethics has a good fit and flourishing and self-efficacy can explain 62% of professional ethics (P<0.001). According to the results, higher levels of self-efficacy and flourishing predict a higher level of professional ethics, as well as social desirability in this regard played a moderating role in model. The role of gender, marriage, education, field of study and years of work in modifying this relationship was not confirmed.
Ethical Considerations: The aims of the study and the confidentiality of information were explained to the participants and informed and voluntary consent was obtained in writing.
Conclusion: This study showed that Flourishing and self-efficacy have an effective role in the professional ethics of counselors and psychologists and in order to promote the professional ethics of counselors and psychologists along with professional ethics education, these factors should be considered.
Cite this article as: Asl Dehghan F, Hoseinian S. Developing a Model of Professional Ethics Based on Flourishing and Self-Efficacy in Counselors and Psychologists: The moderating Role of Social Desirability and Demographic Factors. Faṣlnāmah-i akhlāq-i pizishkī i.e., Quarterly Journal of Medical Ethics. 2020; 14(45): e26.
- Professional Ethics; Flourishing; Self-Efficacy; Counselors; Psychologists
How to Cite
References
Degerli FI, Odaci H. Effect of an Emotional Intelligence Training Program Developed for Prospective Psychological Counselors on Psychological Counseling Skill Levels. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2020; 38(4): 568-578.
Ahmadi E, Qasemzadeh Alishahi A, Bafande Gharamaleki H. A study of the correlation between personality traits and observance of professional ethics and individual accountability of counselors and psychologists. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal 2015; 9(9): 57-65. [Persian]
Kaslow NJ, Rubin NJ, Bebeau MJ, Leigh IW, Lichtenberg JW, Nelson PD, et al. Guiding principles and recommendations for the assessment of competence. Prof Psychol Res Pract 2007; 38(5): 441-451.
Davis M. Professional ethics without moral theory: A practical guide for the perplexed non-philosopher. Journal of Applied Ethics and Philosophy 2014; 6: 1-9.
Arasteh H, Jahed H. Observing Ethics in Universities and Higher Education Centers: An alternative for improving behaviors. Science Cultivation Journal 2011; 2(1): 31-40. [Persian]
Hosseinian S. Ethics in Counseling and Psychology. 4th ed. Tehran: Kamale tarbiat; 2012. p.320. [Persian]
Kiyani A, Navabi Nezhad S, Ahmadi K. Personality traits and professional ethics in counselors and psychologists. Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology 2008; 2(8): 79-90. [Persian]
Kiani A, Navvabinejad SH, Ahmadi K, Anisi J. Developing and Validation of psychologists’ professional ethics Questionnaire for Counselors. journal of Counseling Research 2014; 13(49): 103-127. [Persian]
Proctor GM. Values and ethics in counselling and psychotherapy. London: Sage; 2014.
Ebrahimpour H, Heidari Sareban V. Examining the Role of Organizational Virtue in Professional Ethics Augmentation. International Journal of Organizational 2018; 6: 536-544.
Taghvaei Yazdi M. Relation professional ethics to mental health and organizational citizenship behavior. Educational Administration Research 2016; 7(28): 51-66. [Persian]
Zahed Babalan A, Ghalehei A, Divband A, Kazemi S. Mediating Role of Job Engagement in the Relationship of Professional Ethics and Organizational Accountability. Journal of Ethics in Scince and Technology 2020; 15(1): 123-129. [Persian]
Mohajeran B, Shohoodi M. Structural modeling of relationship between professional ethics and spirituality at work with social responsibility among nurses in the public hospitals in Kermanshah city. Quarterly Journal of Nersing Management 2014; 3(2): 9-20. [Persian]
Niazazari K, Enayati T, Behnamfar R, Kahroodi Z. Relationship between professional ethics and job commitment. Iran Journal of Nursing 2014; 27(87): 34-42. [Persian]
Shafighi F, Kalantari M, Zolfaghari Zaferani R. The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Wisdom with the Mediating Role of Organizational Culture. JIER 2018; 12(Special Issue): 985-1008. [Persian]
Sattari S, Attarzadeh R. Evaluation of Professional Ethics Components and their Relationship with teachers Job Burnout. Journal of Teachers Professional Development 2018; 3(3): 1-17. [Persian]
Korkut Y, Sinclair C. Integrating emotion and other nonrational factors into ethics education and training in professional psychology. Ethics & Behavior 2020; 1-15.
Ahmadi F. Evolution Factors Impact on Professional Ethics in Service Organization. Ethics in science and Technology 2013; 8(3): 32-40. [Persian]
Dehghani A, Mosalanejad L, Dehghan-Nayeri N. Factors affecting professional ethics in nursing practice in Iran: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Ethics 2015; 16(1): 1-7.
Dehghani A. Factors affecting professional ethics development in students: A qualitative study. Nursing Ethics 2019; 27(2): 461-469.
Alaei M, Mokhtaridindni M, Rezaei Pendari A. Designing an Interpretative Structural Model for Factors Influencing Professional Ethics in Female National Team Coaches. Ethics in Science & Technology 2020; 14(5) (Special Issue): 87-92. [Persian]
De Fátima Goulão M. The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Academic Achievement in Adults' Learners. Athens Journal of Education 2014; 1(3): 237-246.
Bandura A, Locke EA. Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. J Appl Psychol 2003; 88(1): 87-99.
Asl Dehqan F, Rezaeian Faraji H, Hosseinian S. The Role of Family Flexibility and Maternal Self-Differentiation in Adolescents’ Self-Efficacy. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational 2019; 13(45): 55-73. [Persian]
Asadian S, Ghasemzadeh A. The Role of Professional Ethics and Professional Qualifications on Teacher’s Self-Efficacy. Ethics in Science & Technology 2017; 12(3): 33-44. [Persian]
Henderson LW, Knight T. Integrating the hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives to more comprehensively understand wellbeing and pathways to wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing 2012; 2(3): 196-221.
Mesurado B, Crespo RF, Rodríguez O, Debeljuh P, Carlier SI. The development and initial validation of a multidimensional flourishing scale. Current Psychology 2018; 1-10.
Rezaeian H, Rasooli R, Askarbiuky S, Asldehghan F. The Effectiveness of Psychological Empowerment on the Improvement of Well-Being and Quality of Life in Householder Women. Quarterly Journal of Social Work 2019; 7(4): 5-14. [Persian]
Hassani M, Abbaskhani A. Structural Modeling of Relationship Between Spiritual leadership and Professional Ethics with Organizational Performance and Quality of Work Life with Role of Organizational Learning among Employees of Imam Reza Hospital, Urmia. Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 2018; 11(1): 35-53. [Persian]
Hassani M, Shohoudi M, Mirghasemi SJ. The study of relationships between Moral Intelligence and Self-efficiency with Psychological Well-Being among martyr’s wife and offspring of Urmia University. Bioethics Journal 2016; 6(19): 80--155. [Persian]
Krok D, Zarzycka B. Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in Cardiac Patients: Moderated Mediation by Affect and Meaning-Making. The Journal of Psychology 2020; 154(6): 411-425.
Lazić M, Jovanović V, Gavrilov-Jerković V. The general self-efficacy scale: New evidence of structural validity, measurement invariance, and predictive properties in relationship to subjective well-being in Serbian samples. Curr Psychol 2018; 1-12.
Siddiqui S. Impact of self-efficacy on psychological well-being among undergraduate students. The International Journal of Indian Psychology 2015; 2(3): 5-16.
Hosseini Dowlatabadi F, Sadeghi A, Saadat S, Khodayari H. Relationship between self-efficacy and self-actualization with coping strategies among students. Research in Medical Education 2014; 6(1): 10-18.
Crowne DP, Marlowe D. A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology 1960; 24(4): 349-354.
Danioni F, Coen S, Rosnati R, Barni D. The relationship between direct and indirect measures of values: Is social desirability a significant moderator? European Review of Applied Psychology 2020; 70(3): 100524.
Plante TG, McCreadie A. The Santa Clara Ethics Scale. Pastoral Psych 2019; 68(3): 321-329.
Alavi M. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Health Sciences Education Researches: An Overview of the Method and Its Application. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2013; 13(6): 519-530. [Persian]
Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Publications; 2015.
MacCallum RC, Widaman KF, Zhang S, Hong S. Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological methods 1999; 4(1): 84-99.
Canizales VR. The moral profession: A study of moral development and professional ethics of faculty. Ph.D. Thesis. US: University of Texas at Austin; 2002.
Mohammad Davoudi A, Milad M, Shayan S. The Relationship between Professional Ethics and Organizational Commitment Mediated by Organizational Justice in Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Deputy of Education. Iranian Journal of Medical Education 2018; 18(0): 541-550. [Persian]
Diener E, Wirtz D, Biswas-Diener R, Tov W, Kim-Prieto C, Choi DW, et al. New measures of well-being. The Netherlands, Dordrecht: Springer; 2009.
Diener E, Wirtz D, Tov W, Kim-Prieto C, Choi DW, Oishi S, et al. New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research 2010; 97(2): 143-156.
Silva AJ, Caetano A. Validation of the flourishing scale and scale of positive and negative experience in Portugal. Social Indicators Research 2013; 110(2): 469-478.
Singh K, Junnarkar M, Jaswal S. Validating the flourishing scale and the scale of positive and negative experience in India. Mental Health, Religion & Culture 2016; 19(8): 943-954.
Sumi K. Reliability and validity of Japanese versions of the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience. Social Indicators Research 2014; 118(2): 601-615.
Nadi MA, Hassani M. Investigating Psychometric Properties and Standardization of the Flourishing Scale among Female Students of the Third Grade of High School. Positive Psychology Research 2016; 2(1): 63-74. [Persian]
Delavar A, Najafi M. The psychometric properties of the general self efficacy scale among university staff. Educational Measurement 2013; 4(12): 87-104. [Persian]
Farnia V, Asadi R, Abdoli N, Radmehr F, Alikhani M, Khodamoradi M, et al. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) among substance abusers the year 2019-2020 in Kermanshah city. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2020; 8(3): 949-953.
Strahan R, Gerbasi KC. Short, homogeneous versions of the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale. J Clin Psychol 1972; 28(2): 191-193.
Nicknam M. The Relationship between Coping Strategies with Job Burnout and Social Acceptance in Islamic Azad University Employee in Roudehen Branch. Journal of Excellence in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2017; 4(16): 51-67. [Persian]
Brown T, Moore M. Confirmatory factor analysis. Handbook of structural equation modelling. New York: Guilford Press; 2012.
Byrne BM. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (multivariate applications series). New York: Taylor & Francis Group; 2010. p.396.
Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods 2008; 6(1): 53-60.
Abdollahi A, Hosseinian S, Zamanshoar E, Beh-Pajooh A, Carlbring P. The moderating effect of hardiness on the relationships between problem-solving skills and perceived stress with suicidal ideation in nursing students. Stud Psychol 2018; 60(1): 30-41.
Kegye A, Czeglédi E, Zana Á, Csikai EL, Hegedűs K. Influential factors of well‐being among Hungarian female hospice workers examined through structural equation modelling. Health & Social Care in the Community 2020; 28(5): 1560-1568.
Hejazi R, Mosaferi J. Relationship between Gender and Ethics in Accounting Profession. Journal of Ethics in Scince and Technology 2012; 7(1): 40-47. [Persian]
Molaei Z, Khoshbakht F, Karimi MH. Understanding of Professional Ethics from High School Counselors Perspective. Quarterly of Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy 2016; 6(24): 81-109. [Persian]
Fallahnejad Z, Hassanzadeh R. Evaluation of the relationship between compliance with professional ethics and job satisfaction among nurses. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences 2016; 3(1): 35-40.
Ahmadi K, Akhavi Z, Raiisi F, Rahimi AA. Evaluating the Rate of Observing Ethics among Counselors and Psychologists. JApSc 2008; 8(24): 31-46.
Snieder R, Zhu Q. Connecting to the Heart: Teaching Value-Based Professional Ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics 2020; 26(4): 2235-2254.
- Abstract Viewed: 1300 times