Rethinking About Meaning Of Life From Viewpoint Of Philosophers
akhlāq-i pizishkī i.e., Medical Ethics,
Vol. 2 No. 4 (1387),
28 June 2016
,
Page 71-106
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v2i4.12159
Abstract
What is the meaning of life? Some people are interesting in philosophy because they hope that it can answer this question. Some philosopher believes that the answer to this question is difficult because it is unreal, this meaning belong to the word and sentences not to the things such as life of human. Nevertheless all of us in our life seek meaning. We are afraid of nihilism that could make all things meaningless in our mind. Although involving in activities such as having a job or making a family could avoid such bad feelings but are such personal involving enough or we need more fundamental aim for validating our life. Some of famous philosopher answered to this question. They use notions that their implications are about happiness and morality and they are construed as a final goal that human for having meaningful existence must comply them.
- meaning of life; western philosophy; monotheism; moralism
How to Cite
References
- Audi, R., “Intrinsic Value and Meaningful Life”, Philosophical Papers, 2005.
- Augustine, Confessions, Edward Bouverie Pusey (trans.), Plain Label Books, 1954.
- Baier, K., 1957, “The Meaning of Life”, repr. in The Meaning of Life, 2nd Ed., E. D. Klemke (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
- Belshaw, C., 10 Good Questions about Life and Death, Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.
- Blackburn.S, Being Good, New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
- Bond, E. J., Reason and Value, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
- Brännmark, J., “Leading Lives”, Philosophical Papers, 2003.
- Brogaard, B. and Smith, B., “On Luck, Responsibility, and the Meaning of Life”, Philosophical Papers, 2005.
- Brown, D., “Process Philosophy and the Question of Life's Meaning”, Religious Studies, 1971.
- Camus, A., The Myth of Sisyphus, J. O'Brian (tr.), London: H. Hamilton, 1955.
- Cottingham, J., On the Meaning of Life, London: Routledge, 2003.
- Cottingham, J., The Spiritual Dimension: Religion, Philosophy and Human Value, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
- Cottingham, J., Western Philosophy (An Anthology), 2nd Ed, Blackwell, 2008.
- Craig, W., 1994, “The Absurdity of Life without God”, repr. In The Meaning of Life, 2nd Ed., E. D. Klemke (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
- Darwall. S, Impartial Reason, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983.
- Dworkin, R., Sovereign Virtue, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.
- Ellin, J., Morality and the Meaning of Life, Ft. Worth, Tex.: Harcourt Brace, 1995.
- Epicurus, Letter to Moneceus, contained in Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Book X.
- Fischer, J. M., “Free Will, Death, and Immortality: The Role of Narrative”, Philosophical Papers, 2005.
- Fischer, J. M., “Why Immortality is Not So Bad”, International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 1994.
- Frankfurt, H., “Reply to Susan Wolf”, in The Contours of Agency: Essays on Themes from Harry Frankfurt, S. Buss and L. Overton (eds.), Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2002.
- Frankfurt, H., “The Importance of What We Care About”, Synthese, 1982.
- Frankfurt, H., The Reasons of Love, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.
- Gewirth, A., Self-Fulfillment, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.
- Gordon, J., “Is the Existence of God Relevant to the Meaning of Life?” The Modern Schoolman, 1983.
- Hurka. T, Perfectionism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
- Kamm, F. M., “Rescuing Ivan Ilych: How We Live and How We Die”, Ethics, 2003.
- Kekes, J., “The Meaning of Life”, in Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Volume 24; Life and Death: Metaphysics and Ethics, P.French and H.Wettstein (eds.), Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.
- Lenman, J., “Immortality: A Letter”, Cogito, 1995.
- Levine, M., “What Does Death Have to Do with the Meaning of Life?” Religious Studies, 1987.
- Levinson, J., “Intrinsic Value and the Notion of a Life”, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 2004.
- Levy, N., “Downshifting and Meaning in Life”, Ratio, 2005.
- Martin, R., “A Fast Car and a Good Woman”, in The Experience of Philosophy, 2nd Ed., D. Kolak and R. Martin (eds.), Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1993.
- Metz, T., “Could God's Purpose Be the Source of Life's Meaning?” Religious Studies, 2000.
- Metz, T., “The Immortality Requirement for Life's Meaning”, Ratio, 2003
- Metz, T., “The Meaning of Life”, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007.
- Metz, T., “Utilitarianism and the Meaning of Life”, Utilitas, 2003.
- Murphy, J., Evolution, Morality, and the Meaning of Life, Totowa: Rowman and Littlefield, 1982.
- Nagel, T., The View from Nowhere, New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
- Nietzsche, F., Thus Spake Zarathustra, 6th Ed., T. Common (trans.), London: Routledge, 1906.
- Nozick, Philosophical Explanations, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
- Nozick, The Examined Life, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989.
- Nussbaum. M, “Mortal Immortals: Lucretius on Death and the Voice of Nature, ”Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1989.
- Perrett, R., “Regarding Immortality”, Religious Studies, 1986.
- Quinn, P., “How Christianity Secures Life's Meanings”, The Meaning of Life in the World Religions, J. Runzo and N. Martin (eds.), Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2000.
- Railton, P., 1984, “Alienation, Consequentialism, and the Demands of Morality”, repr. in Consequentialism and Its Critics, S. Sheffler (ed.), New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
- Russell, Bertrand, A History of Western Philosophy, New York: Simon and Schuster; London: George Allen and Unwin, 1946.
- Schmidtz, D., “The Meanings of Life”, in Boston University Studies in Philosophy and Religion, Volume 22; If I Should Die: Life, Death, and Immortality, L. Rouner (ed.), Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2001.
- Schopenhauer, Arthur, Parerga und Paralipomena, 1851, T. Bailey Saunders (trans.) in Schopenhauer, Studies in Pessimism, London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1900.
- Singer, I., Meaning in Life, Volume 1: The Creation of Value, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
- Singer, P., How are We to Live? Amherst, MA: Prometheus Books, 1995.
- Singer, P., Practical Ethics, 2nd Ed., New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
- Taylor, C., The Ethics of Authenticity, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.
- Taylor, R., “Time and Life's Meaning”, The Review of Metaphysics, 1987.
- Williams, B., “The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality”, in Problems of the Self, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
- Wisnewski, J., “Is the Immortal Life Worth Living?” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 2005.
- Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, D.F. Pears and B.F. McGuinness (trans.), New York: Humanities Press, 1961.
- Wolf, S., “Happiness and Meaning: Two Aspects of the Good Life”, Social Philosophy and Policy, 1997.
- Wolf, S,“Meaningful Lives in a Meaningless World”, Quaestiones Infinitae, Volume 19, Utrecht: Utrecht University, 1997.
- Abstract Viewed: 13151 times