Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention)

  Fires are caused many civilian deaths and injuries, and property damage per year. Over 95 percent of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. This report includes a fire at the Plasco building, one of the high-rise buildings in Tehran. Corrosion in electrical wiring, to be a lot of gas cylinder and flammable liquids and the accumulation of clothes in building corridors were The causes of the fires and spread of them. Bending deflection, the loss of resistance of columns and steel beams and collapse of the building can be attributed to excessive thermal. The challenges of emergency management on the scene of fires, unclear incident commander in the initial moments of fires, overcrowding and notification-related matters can be considered as the problems of Plasco building fires.

How to cite this article: Khorasani - Zavareh D, Shokouhi M. Collapse of the Plasco Building due to Fires and its Lessons Iearnt.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2017; 5(3): 120 - 124.

  Background and Objective: Violence involves a range of intentional physical, psychological, emotional and verbal acts that have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of the individual. Investigating and identifying the causes of violence and recognizing the harm caused, could help prevent and reduce its physical and psychological complications. Knowing the most vulnerable organs in the quarrels and doing basic research could open up a new horizon in conducting forensic medical operations as well as enabling social pathology for the problem of violence at the community level.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive case series. In this study, 1000 clients from the night shift centre of the General Directorate of Forensic Medicine of Tehran Province during the period of 2015, who were affected by the onset of violence were investigated. The confidentiality of the clients' information through voluntary data by completing a questionnaire, was observed according to the ethical codes. The injured peoples who were referred by the judicial or police authorities were examined by physicians and their demographic and clinical characteristics were collected in a special questionnaire. Finally, after the encoding their information, they were analyzed by the SPSS software.

Results: 32.5% (188) of the clients were women and 66% (331 people) were men. 342 people were in the range of 40-40 years. The most frequent causes of violence were related to domestic disputes were 16.4%, and after that, the conflict over shared urban and residential spaces was 13.9%. The most common of the beating was by punches at 46% of incidents. Most of the violence time was between 12 noon to 20 PM. Most of the lesions were bruises, redness and blackness (38.2%), 18.5% had previous quarrel history.

Conclusion: The results of the study indicate increased domestic and social conflicts over shared residential. Therefore family counselling should focus on promoting the marital relationships and through discussing psychological problems and strive for better understanding of the household settings. On the other hand, promoting the mental health of the community and educating the public to live according to the proper civil culture and codes required for living peacefully in residential complexes.

How to cite this article:

Rezvani F, Shahnavazi H. Epidemiological Investigation of Violence and related Damage in Clients Referring to Tehran Forensic Medicine Shift Center in 1394. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2017; 5(3):125- 131.

Background and Objectives: Sport is an important issue in matter of health. It can increase the risk of injury, which in turn causes economic, physical and psychological burden. Due to adverse effects of sports injuries on life, it is of great importance to investigate sports injuries and the factors influencing them. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sports injuries and the factors associated with injury in patients admitted to Poursina Hospital in Rasht, Iran, in 2014.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients admitted to Emergency Department of Poursina Hospital, Rasht in 2014. All patients with sport injuries were studied by an available sampling method instead of sampling. In this study, data were collected via questionnaire including items on demographic characteristic and items on factors associated with sports injuries. Data collected after obtaining a license and Satisfaction with research samples. Finally, the data were analyzed with SPSS (version 20) using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (ANOVA and chi-square).

Results: The mean age of study population was 22.98±10.01 years. Most participants practiced ball games (63.4%) and martial arts (16.5%). The most common type of injury was fracture (58.5%) and the most prevalent anatomical part was upper and lower extremities (74.4%). 46% of injured patients were treated with splints or casts. There was a statistically significant relationship between the body part injured and sport type (p=0.008), type of injury and treatments received (p=0.0001), and injury outcomes (p= 0.007).

Conclusion: Many sports injuries and resulting complications are preventable. Therefore, the best way to deal with injuries is to become familiar with causes of injury before prevention and treatment.

How to cite this article: Masouleh SR, Mohtasham-Amiri Z, Monfared A, Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Ettehad H , Kouchakinejad-Eramsadati L. Prevalence of Sport Injuries and Associated Factors in one of the Educational Centers of Rasht. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2017; 5(3):132 - 139 .

Background and Objective:The ankle sprain is one of the most common sports injuries that cause chronic instabilities in the joint as well as many disorders in the individual's motor pattern and asymmetry in lower extremity function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of neuromuscular training on balance symmetry in patients with chronic ankle sprain.

Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, the population consisted of female young athlete selected from various athletic disciplines, age in the range of 19-26 years. Twenty subjects with chronic ankle instability were selected as a sample by using purposefully available sampling method. Neuromuscular exercises were performed for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The subjects' balance was measured on both injured and non-injured foot before and after the training and after one month of detraining by the Biodex balance system. Data analysis was done by means of ANOVA with repeated measures and dependent t-test at a significant level of (p<0.05).

Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the balance in the non-injured and injured foot in the pretest (p=0.05). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the post-test 1 and 2 (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The ankle sprain causes balance asymmetry in two limbs, and neuromuscular training improved the balance on both legs and compensated balance asymmetry. After one month of detraining, the symmetry of balance in both legs was sustained.

 How to cite this article: Zahabi E, Mohamadjani M, Alirezaei- Noghondar F, Hashemi- Javaheri SA. A follow-up Study on the Effect of Neuromuscular Training on Asymmetry of Balance in Athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2017; 5(3):140-147.

Background and Objectives:Traffic accidents are a problem in the medical community that can cause irreversible injuries and impose heavy costs on societies. Therefore, this study aims to identify the frequency of traffic accidents that lead to death and injury and the effective factors in 2013.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed on all patients visiting the emergency ward of Imam Khomeini hospital in Sari, Razi hospital in Ghaemshahr, and Shahid Beheshti hospital in Babol during March-September 2013. Data were collected from available records using the disease management center checklist as well as interviews and observations. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17 using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test).

Results: Significant relationships were found between traffic accidents leading to injury or death in patients at the studied hospitals and Age (P=0.03) , Sex  (P=0.04), Accident location (P=0.005), Accident type (P=0.000), method of transfer of the patient to hospital (P=0.001), and work experience of the emergency personnel (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Age, Sex, Accident location, Accident type, method of transfer of the patient to hospital and work experience of the emergency personnel were among the factors influencing accidents leading to injury or death, which is suggested in this direction, in addition to education and culture-promotion, especially in road accidents, policymakers should plan on road safety and standardization and creating facilities for the immediate transfer of patients to hospitals, as well as use of experienced personnel in emergency departments. 

How to cite this article: Mahmodi GH, Abdi Talarposhti M. Investigating Frequency and Factors Affecting Traffic Accidents Leading to Injury or Death in the Selected Hospitals of Mazandaran Province, in 2013.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention).2017; 5(3):148 - 156.

Background and Objective:This study was carried to assess the human and organizational factors as predictors of work situation awareness among workers of Parskhodro Automobile Company. It was assumed that human factors (fatigue, sleepiness, job stress, fatalism, personality characteristics and cognitive failures) and organizational variables (job overload, safety climate and interpersonal conflict at work) as predictors variables can separate workers with low and high work situation awareness of each other.

Materials and Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study. 154 workers using a stratified random sampling method were selected among all operational staff working in the Parskhodro Automobile Company in 2015. At first, participants using the scale of work situation awareness were divided into the two groups (workers with low and high work situation awareness). Then, each group was measured with other questionnaires. In this study analyzed the data of discriminate analysis and to validate the scales of confirmatory factor analysis and Pearson correlation.

Results: The findings of discriminate equation confirmed research hypothesis. In other words, can predict work situation awareness among workers by human and organizational variables. Also, research results showed the importance of sleepiness, job stress, personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), cognitive impairment and safety climate as predictors of work situation awareness.

Conclusion: Considering the importance of human and organizational variables in predicting the work situation awareness, it is suggested to these variables in selecting and training of workers for employing in high-risk and operational to be emphasized.

How to cite this article: Kiani F, Borjali A, Farahbakhsh K, Farrokhi N. Investigating Human and Organizational Variables as Predictors of Work Situation Awareness among Operational Workers’ of  ParsKhodro Automobile Company. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2017; 5(3):157-168.

Background and Objective: Gas stations are the major component of the petroleum supply in a country. Few organizations are overlooking the safety status of gas stations using their specific guidelines and regulations. Numerous gas station accidents have demonstrated a huge potential for fire incidents in these centers due to their location in urban areas.  Therefore, the aim of this study was a psychometric analysis of a newly developed questionnaire for assessment of urban gas stations based on the guidelines of regulatory organizations.

Materials and Methods: In this study, a safety questioner based on standards and regulatory guideline of governing organizations responsible for the operation and safety of gas stations in the country was considered. Then, terms and conditions related to safety were extracted based on four approaches to the safety strategies (inherent safety, passive safety, active safety and safety instructions) and a primary questionnaire was made. In the next step, face validity (12 experts) and content validity (10 experts) of the questionnaire, was reviewed to check its validity.

Results: 136 questions related to the safety matters was extracted from regulating bodies of the gas station, were extracted. For validation processes of the safety questionnaire in this study, the content, and performance of all questions by the panel of experts reviewed and organized in four groups of inherent safety (7 questions), active safety (2 questions), passive safety (47 questions ) and safety instructions (80 questions). According to the acceptable face and content validity indices (CVI = 0.79) and (CVR = 0.62) respectively, the number of questions in the questionnaire reduced to 66 questions. And the internal consistency of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha statistic was 0.906 and reliability test based on ICC statistic is 0.906 with 95% Confidence limits and 906/0 agreement between the variant and F test = 10/671 and p-value = 0.001 to about 0/942 - 0/862, which it represents a strong agreement between variant.

Conclusion: Results showed that governing organizations on gas stations in some cases have parallel objectives. Also, very few provisions of the rules and safety guidelines of gas stations were related to more effective safety strategies (inherent safety and active safety), however, the most of provisions were focused on the use of inactive safety and instructions procedures. It is recommended that present regulations according to the findings of this study to be reviewed. The validated questionnaire of this study could be very helpful in the safety assessment of metropolitan gas stations and it can be used jointly by the governing organizations for the safety purposes.

How to cite this article: Yari S, Pouyakian M, Jafari MJ, Alipour A, Varmazyar S. Preparation and psychometry of a safety assessment questionnaire for urban gas stations. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2017; 5(3):169-180 _.