مجله اخلاق پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی

1. American Psychological Association. The facts about abortion and mental health [Internet]. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2022 [cited 2026 Aug 16]. Available from: https://www.apa.org/monitor/2022/09/news-facts-abortion-mental-health

2. Biggs MA, Rowland B, McCulloch CE, Foster DG. Does abortion increase women’s risk for post-traumatic stress? Findings from a prospective longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(2):e009698.

3. Pourreza A, Batebi A. Psychological Consequences of Abortion among the Post Abortion Care Seeking Women in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;6(1):31-6.

4. Laguna Treatment Center. Abortion and Mental Health Impact. Laguna Treatment Center [Internet]. Laguna Beach, CA: Laguna Treatment Center [cited 2025 Oct 14]. Available from: https://lagunatreatment.com/support-for-women/mental-health-abortion/

5. U.S. Congress. HMKP-118-ED00-20240110-SD004.pdf [Internet]. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress; 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 14]. Available from: https://www.congress.gov/118/meeting/house/116708/documents/HMKP-118-ED00-20240110-SD004.pdf

6. Wallin Lundell I, Sundström Poromaa I, Frans O, Helström L, Högberg U, Moby L, et al. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress among women requesting induced abortion. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. 2013;18(6):480-8.

7. First Care Pregnancy Center. Coping with Grief After an Abortion: Next Steps [Internet]. Minnesota: First Care Pregnancy Center;2024 [cited 2025 Oct 14]. Available from: https://firstcaremn.org/coping-with-grief-after-an-abortion-next-steps/

8. Becker A. “My Abortion Made Me a Good Mom”: An Analysis of the Use of Motherhood Identity to Dispel Abortion Stigma [Internet]. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited; 2019 [cited 2025 Oct 14]. Available from: https://www.emerald.com/books/edited-volume/15765/chapter-abstract/87410847/My-Abortion-Made-Me-a-Good-Mom-An-Analysis-of-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext

9. Katz J. Supporting women coping with emotional distress after abortion. Professional Counselor. 2019;9(2):100-8.

10. Gebeyehu NA, Tegegne KD, Abebe K, Asefa Y, Assfaw BB, Adella GA, et al. Global prevalence of post-abortion depression: systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):786.

11. Hosseini-Chavoshi M, Abbasi-Shavazi MJ, Glazebrook D, McDonald P. Social and psychological consequences of abortion in Iran. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2012;118:S172-7.

12. Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Ridder EM. Abortion in young women and subsequent mental health. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2006;47(1):16-24.

13. Grant III LF. When Abortion Causes Moral Injury. Human Life Review. 2024;50(2):29-38.

14. Coleman PK. Abortion and mental health: quantitative synthesis and analysis of research published 1995-2009. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;199(3):180-6.

15. Jacob L, Polly I, Kalder M, Kostev K. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders in women with spontaneous abortion in Germany - A retrospective cohort study. Psychiatry Research. 2017;258:382-6.

16. Hu Y, Tang R, Li X, Wang X, Ma H, Heianza Y, Qi L, Liang Z. Spontaneous miscarriage and social support in predicting risks of depression and anxiety: a cohort study in UK Biobank. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2024;231(6):655.e1-655.e9.

17. Jacob L, Gerhard C, Kostev K, Kalder M. Association between induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, and infertility respectively and the risk of psychiatric disorders in 57,770 women followed in gynecological practices in Germany. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019;251:107-13.

18. Mirtabar SM, Barat S, Kheirkhah F, Mostafazadeh A, Shirafkan H, Pahlavan Z, et al. Experiences of women with threatened abortion: a qualitative study of pregnant women and health providers in Iran. BMC Health Services Research. 2025;25:550.

19. Liu H, Wu F, Liao G, Mai S, Ouyang M. Impact of the intensive psychological intervention care on post-traumatic stress disorder and negative emotions of teenage female patients seeking an induced abortion. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2023;14:1033320.

20. Alipanahpour S, Zarshenas M, Ghodrati F, Akbarzadeh M. The Severity of Post-abortion Stress in Spontaneous, Induced and Forensic Medical Center Permitted Abortion in Shiraz, Iran, in 2018. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2020;25(1):84-90.

21. Safari B, Safaie F, Edalati Shateri Z, Fotovat A, Aali S. The Psychological Consequences of Abortion: Grief, Sexual Disorders and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Women With a History of Legal and Illegal Abortion Based on the Cases Referred to the General Department of Forensic Medicine of Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2025;31(2):95-105. [Persian]

22. Kersting A, Wagner B. Complicated grief after perinatal loss. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience. 2012;14(2):187-94.

23. Naftal S. Ambiguous grief with infertility and baby loss [Internet]. London, UK: Counselling Directory; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 14]. Available from: https://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/articles/ambiguous-grief-with-infertility-and-baby-loss

24. Bagheri L, Nazari AM, Chaman R, Ghiasi A, Motaghi Z. The Effectiveness of Healing Interventions for Post-Abortion Grief: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2020;49(3):426-36. [Persian]

25. Fejzić A. Shame and artificial abortion [Master's Thesis on the Internet]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb; 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 15]. Available from: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:105:364247

26. Kulathilaka S, Hanwella R, de Silva VA. Depressive disorder and grief following spontaneous abortion. BMC Psychiatry. 2016;16(1):100.

27. Carleton TC, Snodgrass JL. Moral Injury After Abortion: Exploring the Psychospiritual Impact on Catholic Women. 1st ed. New York: Routledge; 2022. p.160.

28. Cuenca D. Pregnancy loss: Consequences for mental health. Frontiers in Global Women's Health. 2023;3:1032212.

29. Anselmi N, D’Aloise A, Febo RD, Pezzuti L, Leone C. Psychological implications of abortion: a longitudinal study on two cohorts of women who recur to elective and therapeutic abortion. Rivista di Psichiatria. 2018;53(6):324-30.

30. Chandrasekaran S, Key K, Ow A, Lindsey A, Chin J, Goode B, et al. The role of community and culture in abortion perceptions, decisions, and experiences among Asian Americans. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023;10:982215.

31. Foster S, Bock JE, Gul P. Culture of honour and the stigma of abortion. Psychology & Health. 2026;41(4):539-62.

32. Harris LF, Roberts SC, Biggs MA, Rocca CH, Foster DG. Perceived stress and emotional social support among women who are denied or receive abortions in the United States: a prospective cohort study. BMC Women's Health. 2014;14:76.

33. Biggs MA, Driver M, Kaller S, Ralph LJ. Unwanted abortion disclosure and social support in the abortion decision and mental health symptoms: A cross-sectional survey. Contraception. 2023;119:109905.

34. Harris LF, Roberts SC, Biggs MA, Rocca CH, Foster DG. Perceived stress and emotional social support among women who are denied or receive abortions in the United States: a prospective cohort study. BMC Women's Health. 2014;14:76.

35. Musabwasoni S, Nyiringango G, Uwambaye P, Mukeshimana M, Ngoga E, Uhawenimana T, et al. Psychology of Abortion: A Qualitative Exploration of Women’s Quality of Life after Termination of Pregnancy Service Provision. Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Science. 2024;7(1):116-30.

36. Reardon DC. The abortion and mental health controversy: A comprehensive literature review of common ground agreements, disagreements, actionable recommendations, and research opportunities. SAGE Open Medicine. 2018;6:2050312118807624.

37. Biggs MA, Upadhyay UD, McCulloch CE, Foster DG. Women’s Mental Health and Well-being 5 Years After Receiving or Being Denied an Abortion: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(2):169-78.

38. University of Washington, Department of Philosophy. Nancy Jecker on abortion and bioethics [Internet]. Seattle, WA: University of Washington; 2022 [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://phil.washington.edu/news/2022/06/29/nancy-jecker-abortion-and-bioethics

39. Institute CL. Fact Sheet: Abortion and Mental Health. Lozier Institute [Internet]. Arlington, VA: Lozier Institute; 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 28]. Available from: https://lozierinstitute.org/fact-sheet-abortion-and-mental-health/

40. Reardon DC, Longbons T. Effects of Pressure to Abort on Women’s Emotional Responses and Mental Health. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e34456.

41. Feld H, Barnhart S, Wiggins AT, Ashford K. Social Support Reduces the Risk of Unintended Pregnancy in a Low-Income Population. Public Health Nursing. 2021;38(5):801-9.

42. Stålhandske ML, Ekstrand M, Tydέn T. Existential Experiences and Strategies in Relation to Induced Abortion: An Interview Study with 24 Swedish Women. Archive for the Psychology of Religion. 2011;33(3):345-70.

43. Kerns J, Cheeks M, Cassidy A, Pearlson G, Mengesha B. Abortion Stigma and Its Relationship with Grief, Post-traumatic Stress, and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life After Abortion for Fetal Anomalies. Women's Health Reports. 2022;3(1):385-94.

44. Jamali B, Zare O, Nabavian M, Rezaei F. The prevalence of perceived stress and depression in women facing abortion and related obstetric and non-obstetric risk factors: a cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health. 2025;22:50.