مقایسه بهزیستی معنوی، تحمل ابهام و شادکامی در سالمندان ساکن در منزل و خانه سالمندان
مجله اخلاق پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 13 شماره 44 (1398),
18 مرداد 2019
,
صفحه 1-13
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v13i44.25670
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: افزایش جمعیت سالمند در کشور همراه با انواع مسائل جسمانی و روانشناختی از یکسو و از سوی دیگر، تحولات اجتماعی از قبیل تغییر شیوه زندگی فردی و خانوادگی، باعث افزایش تعداد مؤسسات نگهداری سالمندان شده است. بنابراین هدف پژوهش حاضر با در نظرگرفتن اهمیت تأثیر محیط زندگی بر جنبههای مختلف سلامت روان، مقایسه بهزیستی معنوی، تحمل ابهام و شادکامی در سالمندان ساکن در منزل و خانه سالمندان بود.
مواد و روشها: روش این پژوهش، توصیفی از نوع علی ـ مقایسهای بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه سالمندان شهر شیراز در سال 1397 بود که از جامعه مذکور ۶۰ نفر سالمند سرای سالمندان و ۶۰ نفر از سالمندان ساکن منزل به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. سالمندان ساکن در سرای سالمندان با روش نمونهگیری در دسترس و سالمندان ساکن در منزل به شیوه نمونهگیری خوشهای انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری دادهها، پرسشنامههای تحمل ابهام نوع دو مکلین، بهزیستی معنوی دهشیری و همکاران و شادکامی آکسفورد بود. اطلاعات حاصل از پرسشنامهها با استفاده از شاخصهای توصیفی و روش تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری در نرمافزار آماری SPSS 22 مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافتهها: نتایج آزمون اثر پیلایی در آزمون تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری نشان داد که اثر گروه بر ترکیب بهزیستی معنوی، تحمل ابهام و شادکامی معنادار است (0/875=مجذور اتا تفکیکی و P<0/001 و 270/31=(116و3)F). همچنین نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری نشان داد که میانگین نمرات بهزیستی معنوی (304/29=F)، تحمل ابهام (65/64=F) و شادکامی (405/31=F) به طور معناداری در سالمندان ساکن در خانه سالمندان کمتر از سالمندان ساکن در منزل میباشد (P<0/001).
ملاحظات اخلاقی: قبل از انجام پژوهش، هدف مطالعه برای شرکتکنندگان توضیح داده شد تا با رضایت کامل مشارکت داشته باشند. همچنین رضایت آگاهانه کتبی از شرکتکنندگان اخذ گردید.
نتیجهگیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد بهزیستی معنوی، تحمل ابهام و شادکامی در سالمندان ساکن خانه سالمندان کمتر از سالمندان ساکن منزل است، لذا مشارکت ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺪارک رﻓﺎه و آﺳﺎﻳﺶ رواﻧﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ، حمایت مسؤولان با پوشش بیمهای مناسب برای سالمندان، ایجاد سیستم خدماتدرمانی در منزل و حمایت از مراقبتدهندگان خانوادگی برای رﺳﻴﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮی از ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ روان در اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه میتواند مؤثر واقع شود.
- بهزیستی معنوی؛ تحمل ابهام؛ شادکامی؛ سالمندان؛ خانه سالمندان
ارجاع به مقاله
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