akhlāq-i pizishkī i.e., Medical Ethics

Abstract

The necessity of learning ethic in medical sciences constitutes the basis for relation between a physician and his/her patient, and shall be discussed from various aspects. Psychologists and psychiatrists have had varying approaches to ethic from semantics perspective and the formation and stages therefore.

This article initially discusses Ethic in terms of semantics and development stages therof. In semantics, ethic substantially very from its synonym “morality”, which has constitutional and learning aspects.

In studying the nature of human and the merits of ethic from Koran perspective, psyche is a synonym to soul. Otherwise, soul constitutes the established principle and the origin of ethics. Islamic scientists such as Farabi and Avecina consider ethic as human soul, which is the characteristic distinguishing human from animal; and ethic is product of rational soul.

However, from the modern perspectives, psychology structure includes emotions, cognitions and social behavior. And ethic is originated from cognition and social behavior. And, ethic is originated from cognition and shapes social behavior.

Lock and Rousseau have given active role to social environment in ethic. Freud considers the first years of life as the origin of ethic., Piageut and Kolberg find mental maturity, i.e. abstract thinking as the demonstration of understanding real ethic; this is the social ethic that individual believes in after going thorough certain stages, and that its pursuit will be followed by justice and international peace throughout the world . In both perspectives, ethic constitute the basis for social relations, including physician and patient behaviors to wards each other.