تعهدگریزی اخلاقی در پزشکی و پرستاری: مروری روایتی
مجله اخلاق پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 16 شماره 47 (1401),
28 تیر 2022
,
صفحه 1-15
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v16i47.38393
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: تعهدگریزی اخلاقی شامل سازوکارهایی شناختی است که هنگام انجام اعمال غیر اخلاقی و یا تصمیم به عدم انجام اعمال اخلاقی، در ذهن فرد شکل گرفته و در بروز رفتاهای غیر اخلاقی یا عدم انجام رفتارهای اخلاقی تأثیر دارد. پژوهش حاضر به مرور روایتی تحقیقاتی میپردازد که نقش این متغیر در موقعیتهای پزشکی و پرستاری را بررسی کردهاند.
روش: از طریق پایگاههای داده Google Scholar، Pubmed و همچنین با مراجعه به قسمت جستجوی تارنمای مجلات مرتبط با اخلاق پزشکی و پرستاری، واژه کلیدی Moral Disengagement در کنار Medical Ethics و Nursing Ethics جستجو شد و مقالاتی که تا سال ۲۰۲۲ تعهدگریزی اخلاقی را در پزشکی و پرستاری بررسی کرده بودند، بازبینی شد.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: نتایج پژوهشها بدون سوگیری و با رعایت امانتداری در گزارش محتوای مقالات، ذکر شد.
یافتهها: مرور مطالعات نشان داد تعهدگریزی اخلاقی در بین پزشکان و پرستاران رایج بود. تعهدگریزی اخلاقی با کاهش استدلالها، رفتارها و صفات اخلاقی و افزایش رفتارهای غیر اخلاقی و غیر مولد پزشکان و پرستاران همراه بود، به علاوه این سازوکارها در محیطهای درمانی با استرس و احساس بیعدالتی بیشتر و همچنین قدرت بالاتر افزایش یافته و در شرایط مدیریتی به شکل رهبری اخلاقی کاهش مییافت. این سازوکارها در پزشکان و پرستارانی با استرس، نااستواری خلق، عاطفه منفی و همچنین میل به قدرت، بیشتر بود.
نتیجهگیری: با توجه به قابل اصلاحبودن تعهدگریزی اخلاقی از طریق برخی مداخلات آموزشی، لازم است با اضافهکردن برخی دروس یا دورههای آموزشی به آشناسازی و کاهش سازوکارهای تعهدگریزی اخلاقی در دورههای تحصیلی و ضمن خدمت پزشکان و پرستاران مبادرت ورزید، به علاوه با توجه به نقش متغیرهایی چون استرس کاری، بیعدالتی ادراک شده و داشتن قدرت بیحد و حصر، شاید بتوان با اعمال برخی اصلاحات مدیریتی چون اعمال رهبری اخلاقی، متغیرهای فوق و به تبع آن تعهدگریزی اخلاقی را کاهش داد.
- تعهدگریزی اخلاقی؛ اخلاق پزشکی؛ اخلاق پرستاری
ارجاع به مقاله
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