چالشهای اخلاقی بانکهای اطلاعات ژنتیکی
مجله اخلاق پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 4 شماره 11 (1389),
13 آبان 2012
,
صفحه 53-82
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v4i11.3709
چکیده
با توجه به قطعیت، اختصاصی و انحصاری بودن اطلاعات ژنتیکی هر فرد برای خود آن فرد، تأسیس بیوبانکها، قبل از تأسیس عمومی آنها برای همه شهروندان، توسط ارتشهای کشورهای دارای امکانات لازم سریعاً عملیاتی شد زیرا اطلاعات این بیوبانکها، برای شناسایی پرسنل نظامی بسیار ارزشمند و خدشهناپذیر است. بدنبال ارتشها و سازمانهای نظامی، امنیتی و مشاغل پرخطر مانند آتشنشانی و...، تشکیلات انتظامی و پلیس کشورهای مختلف نیز، تمایل و علاقمندی بسیار زیادی برای تأسیس بیوبانکها از شهروندان نشان دادند زیرا اطلاعات آرشیوی این بانکها، ابزاری بسیار دقیق، مؤثر و کاربردی برای ردیابی، شناسایی، تعیین هویت و... افراد شرور، هنجارشکن، دارای سوء سابقه، مظنونین و... را در اختیار نیروهای پلیس قرار میدهد. این تمایل برای تأسیس بیوبانکها به سرعت در میان سازمانهای متولی حفظ سلامت و بهداشت و درمان ملتها نیز آشکار گردید اما در این میان وجود موضوعات بسیار حیاتی و اساسی مانند «تمامیت جسمانی» و «خلوت ژنتیکی»[i] ، این چالش اخلاقی عمده را بوجود آورد که اطلاعات ژنتیکی هر فرد، جزو حریم خصوصی مسلم و قطعی افراد جامعه تلقی میشود و بنابراین اخذ و آرشیوبندی این اطلاعات، شیوههای حفاظت از آنها، سطح و نوع دسترسی به آنها، نوع و اهداف استفاده از این اطلاعات، تعیین افراد مجاز برای دسترسی به این اطلاعات، دوره نگهداری آرشیوی این اطلاعات، ضرورت وجود تفاوت و یا عدم تفاوت در آرشیوبندی و استفاده از اطلاعات ژنتیکی افراد عادی، شهروندان هنجارشکن، مظنونین و متهمین، افراددارای سوء سابقه و... مناقشات اخلاقی و ابهامات حقوقی و اجتماعی دامنهداری را بوجود آورده است که این ابهامات نه تنها با گذشت زمان کاهش نمییابند بلکه ابعاد و زوایای جدیدی هم با گذشت زمان بر آنها افزوده میگردد.
پینوشتها
[i]- Genetic privacy
- بیوبانک؛ ابهامات اخلاقی؛ خلوت ژنتیکی؛ حریم خصوصی
ارجاع به مقاله
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