ابعاد مختلف سقط جنین و سیاستهای مرتبط با آن در جهان
مجله اخلاق پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 11 شماره 39 (1396),
30 April 2017
,
صفحه 75-89
https://doi.org/10.22037/mej.v11i39.17130
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: یكی از چالشهای سلامت باروری زنان سقطهای غیر ایمن، ناشی از حاملگیهای ناخواسته است. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ابعاد مختلف سقط جنین و سیاستهای سلامت مرتبط با آن در جهان است.
مواد و روشها: در این مطالعه مروری، جستجو در پایگاههای اطلاعاتی PubMed ، Google Shcolar ،Iranmedex ، SID و سایت سازمان جهانی بهداشت با واژگان کلیدی «Abortion» ، «Policy» یا «Politic» در بازه زمانی 2010 تا 2015 انجام گرفت. پس از بررسی اولیه، مطالعه خلاصه مقالات و حذف مقالات تکراری و غیر مرتبط، در مجموع 20 مقاله فارسی و 38 مقاله انگلیسی دارای متن کامل وارد مطالعه و تحلیل شدند.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: صداقت و امانتداری در تحلیل متون، گزارش نتایج و استناددهی رعایت گردید.
یافتهها: سقط جنین در ادیان مختلف به جز در موارد خاص منع شده است، اما تحولات اجتماعی و مشارکت زنان در عرصه اجتماعی ـ اقتصادی منجر به ناسازگاری جنبههای نظری و عملی شده و زنان بدون توجه به قوانین، اقدام به سقط میکنند. زمینههای قانونی سقط شامل تهدید حیات مادر، تجاوز جنسی و اختلالات جنینی بوده است، اما موانعی مانند نداشتن اطلاعات، مجوز شخص ثالث، حذف پوشش بیمهای، عدم دسترسی به ارائهدهندگان خدمات و یا اعتقادات آنها، دسترسی به سقط ایمن را محدود میسازد. علیرغم اتخاذ سیاستهای محدودکننده، تحولات رخداده در سراسر جهان سبب گردیده است که درخواست برای سقط و میزان عوارض و مرگ مادری مرتبط با آن در قارهها و کشورهای مختلف افزایش یابد.
نتیجهگیری: با توجه به تحولات اجتماعی، سیاستگذاریها میبایست مبتنی بر فهم عوامل اجتماعی مؤثر بر سلامت باشد. ایجاد تسهیلات انجام مشاورهای و زمینههای مناسب برای سقط قانونی، و دسترسی اقشار آسیبپذیر به خدمات سلامت باروری توصیه میگردد.
- سقط جنین؛ سیاست سلامت؛ سلامت باروری
ارجاع به مقاله
مراجع
Shamshiri H. Health, health and status of abortion in relation to it. The eighth conference of Reproduction and Infertility comprehensive review of abortion in Iran; 2004. p.105. [Persian]
Hoseini H. Abortion legal evolution in Australia in the mirror global trends, a brief overview of the rules and principles in Iran and its constitutional rights to freedom. J Reprod Infertil 2004; 6(4): 388-409. [Persian]
Movahedi J, Golzar E. Study of Abortion based on the theory of double effect. Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med 2010; 3(2): 26-44. [Persian]
Rakhshai F, Zarei F. Health in all policies approach. J Health Care 2013; 9(2): 111-113. [Persian]
Shamshiri Milani H. Check the mother's right to life from the perspective of medical abortion abortion. J Reprod Infertil 2004; 6(4): 457-464. [Persian]
Rostami S, Abdi F, Ahmadi M, Vadahir A. A Comparative study of abortion laws in different countries of the world. Med History J 2013; 3(5): 79-111. [Persian]
Patton EW, Hall KS, Dalton VK. How does religious affiliation affect women's attitudes toward reproductive health policy? Implications for the Affordable Care Act. Contraception 2015; 91(6): 513-519.
Behjati Ardakani Z, Akhondi MM, Sadeghi MR, Sadri-Ardekani H. The necessity of a comprehensive study on abortion in Iran. J Reprod Infertil 2005; 6(4): 299-320. [Persian]
World Health Organization. Second international conference on health promotion. Adelaide, South Australia; 1998. Available at: http://www.who.int/ healthpromotion/conferences/previous/adelaide/en/.
Ahmadi B, Fazadi F, Mohammadian M. Policy and administrative challenges and strategies to improve women's health: A qualitative approach, according to experts. Payesh 2011; 11(1): 127-137. [Persian]
Unaited Nations Population Fund. Abortion Policies and Reproductive Health around the World. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division; 2014. Available at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/.../policy/AbortionPoliciesReproductiveHealth.
World Health Organization. The world health report 2000: health systems: improving performance. Geneva; 2000. Available at: http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/.
Roudi-Fahimi F. Women's reproductive health in the Middle East and North Africa. DC: Population Reference Bureau Washington; 2003.
World Health Organization. Post-abortion family planning: a practical guide for programme managers. 1997. p.1-75. Available at: http://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/10665/63689/1/WHO_RHT_97.20.
World Health Organization. Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems. 2th ed. 2012. p.1-132. Available at: http://www.who.int/reproductive health/publications/unsafe_abortion/9789241548434/en.
International Planned Parenthood Federation. Abortion 2015. Available at: http://www.ippf.org/our-work/what-we-do/abortion.
Cunningham F, Leveno K, Bloom S, Spong CY, Dashe J. Williams Obstetrics, Abortion. 24th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill; 2014. p.500-573.
Keshavarzi F, Khashai M, Alikhani M, Abbasi N. An epidemiologic study of legal abortion in hospital in Kermanshah Moatazedi since 1375-1380. Reproduction and Infertility Annex, conference abstracts comprehensive study of abortion in Iran, Avicenna Research Institute; 2002. p.91. [Persian]
Gadipasha M, Bashardoost N, Godsi A, SamadiRad B, Nikiani A, Rohparvar R. Evaluate awareness of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and midwives in Yazd terms of therapeutic abortion legal and illegal abortion (deliberate). J Shahid Sadoughi Med Sci 2011; 19(2): 141. [Persian]
Shamshiri Milani H. Induced abortion. Research in Medicin 2006; 30(4): 263-265.
Hoseini Mogaddam SA. Criminal liability for abortion. Theological Convictions 2002; 3(12): 129-158. [Persian]
Gadipasha A, Aminian Z. The study of abortion licences being issued by legal medicine office of kerman in 2005 and a short comparison with last years issued licences. J Kerman Med Sci 2007; 14(2): 147-152. [Persian]
World Health Organization. Facts on induced abortion worldwide. Geneva; 2012. Available at: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/unsafe_abortion/induced_abortion_2012pdf.
World Health Organization. Unsafe abortion incidence and mortality: global and regional levels in 2008 and trends during 1990-2008. Geneva; 2012. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/ 2011/9789241501118_eng.pdf.
Nojomi H. Report of a patient. Fertility and infertility Abstract seminar comprehensive study of abortion in Iran Avicenna Research Institute. Tehran: Avicenna Institute; 2002. p.36. [Persian]
Nikpour B, Majlessi F, Tol A, Eshraghi N. Assessment of Induced Abortions and its Effective Factors in Comparison with Spontaneous Abortions among Women Refer to Hospitals in South of Tehran. Family Health J 2013; 1(3):14-20. [Persian]
Nikzad A, Jorsaraei G. Studying the abortion from religious jurisprudence perspective. Islam Health J 2014; 1(1): 29-37. [Persian]
Wilcox AJ, Horney LF. Accuracy of spontaneous abortion recall. Am J Epidemiol 1984; 120(5): 727-733.
Jalili Z, Rohani A, Mohammad Alizade M, Jafari S, Sharifi M. Comments obstetricians and gynecologists and general practitioners in Kerman abortion legal. J Payesh 2001; 5(3):165-175. [Persian]
Boyle EH, Kim M, Longhofer W. Abortion Liberalization in World Society, 1960-2009. Am J Socio 2015; 121(3): 882-913.
Saraei H, Roshan P. Social factors influencing the attitudes of women towards abortion. Women Develop Politic 2012; 12(2): 5-23. [Persian]
Rashidi T. Legal abortion in Iran; 2012. Available at: Http://www.tebyan.net/newindex.aspx?pid=232823. [Persian]
Soleimani H. Abortion in Judaism. J Reprod Infertil 2005; 6(4): 362-368. [Persian]
Soleimani H. Abortion in Christianity. J Reprod Infertil2005; 6(4): 343-348. [Persian]
Agaei M. Abortion and Zoroaster Religion. J Reprod Infertil 2002;6(4): 349-361 [Persian]
Khaziei S. Islam and abortion. J Reprod Infertil, abstracts seminar comprehensive study of abortion in Iran. Tehran: Avicenna Institute; 2002. p.74. [Persian]
Zafargandi N, Malakoti M, ZareNezhad N. Approaches about Induced abortion. Daneshvar 2010; 17(88): 84-91. [Persian]
Alamri YA. Islam and abortion. J Islam Med Assoc 2011; 43(1): 39-40.
Veisi F, Zanganeh M. The Causes of Illegal Abortions and Their Methods in Outpatient Clinics of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Sci J Forensic Med 2012; 18(1): 47-52. [Persian]
World Health Organization. Constitution of the world health organization. New York: Chronicle of the World Health Organization; 1947.
World Health Organization. Safe abortion: technical and policy guidance for health systems. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
Committee of Health Reaserch. General Comment No. 28: Equality of rights between men and women (article 3). Geneva: United Nations; 2000.
United Nations Population Fund. World Abortion Policies Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. New York: United Nations; 2011.
Cook RJ, Ngwena C. Women's access to health care: the legal framework. Int J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 94(3): 216-225.
Paul M, Danielsson KG, Essen B, Allvin MK. The importance of considering the evidence in the MTP 2014 Amendment debate in India-unsubstantiated arguments should not impede improved access to safe abortion. Glob Health Action 2015; 8: 27512.
Schwelb E. Entry into Force of the International Covenants on Human Rights and the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Am J Int Law 1976; 70(30): 511-519.
Finer L, Fine JB. Abortion law around the world: progress and pushback. Am J Public Health 2013; 103(4): 585-589.
Acosta L. Abortion Legislation in Europe. The Law Library of Congress; 2015.
Levels M, Sluiter R, Need A. A review of abortion laws in Western-European countries. A cross-national comparison of legal developments between 1960 and 2010. Health Policy 2014; 118(1): 95-104.
Albanese P. Abortion & reproductive rights under nationalist regimes in twentieth century Europe. Toronto: Pristine Publications; 2004.
Rohini B. A Review of Abortion in Ireland. RSCI Student Med J 2011; 4(1): 78-81.
Mosavi M, Amidian H, Noroozi Y, Safari Y. Historical and legal procedure of abortion in America and the role of women in political decision-making process. Women Rights J 2011; 5(2): 96-123. [Persian]
New MJ. Analyzing the effect of anti-abortion US state legislation in the post-Casey era. State Politic Policy 2011; 11(1): 28-47.
Guttmacher Institute. An Overview of Abortion Laws. 2012. Available at: https://www.guttmacher.org/state-policy/ explore/overview-abortion-laws.
Guttmacher Institute. Facts on Abortion in Africa. New York: Guttmacher Institute; 2012. Available at: https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/pubs/IB_AWW-Africa.pdf.
Guttmacher Institute. Facts on Abortion in Asia. New York: Guttmacher Institute; 2012. Contract No.: 9816. Available at: https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/ default/files/factsheet/ib_aww-asia.pdf.
Khosravi M. The prevalence of abortion and mortality in motazedi hospital in Kermanshah. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 2004; 9(3): 25.
Akrami M, Bastani A, Osati Z. Avoid medical errors in medical abortion, how much should be careful? Iran J Med Ethics Hist Med 2001; 4(3): 27-33. [Persian]
- چکیده مشاهده شده: 2295 بار