Journal of Behdasht dar Arseh (i.e., Health in the Field)

 Background and Aims: Today, organizations have come to the important conclusion that not paying seriou attention to HSE can increase the rate of accidents and occupational disease This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the HSE culture and its relationship with burnout among the medical staff of hospitals covered by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted cross-sectionally on 200 members of the treatment staff within SBMU Hospitals. Maslach burnout questionnaire and HSE culture questionnaire were used to collect data. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Ethical considerations were considered throughout all stages of the study.
Results: The findings of this research indicate that HSE culture has a significant correlation with burnout (P<0.05). There was moderate burnout among the treatment staff. It was also found that among the demographic characteristics, age, education level and work experience had a significant association with HSE culture (P<0.05), but they did not have a significant effect on burnout (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the burnout and its components in the treatment staff were moderate, and as much as the level of HSE culture increases, the burnout decreases by the same amount. Therefore, planning to improve the level of HSE culture can help to reduce burnout.

 Background and Aims: Both the number of water treatment plants and their sludge volume increases by population. Considering the presence of high amounts of valuable coagulants in water treatment plant sludge, it’s recovery and reuse is sought to be one of the practical and cost effective solutions for sludge management in water treatment plants.
Materials and Methods: Iron sludge was collected from the sludge dryer bed of Jalaliyeh water treatment plant in Tehran. A planetary mill device was used to prepare samples and to investigate the effect of mechanochemical process on sludge recovery as an Iron based coagulant. XRD, XRF, TEM، MP-AES tests were performed on the sludge sample before and after the mechanochemical process. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.
Results: The results of this study showed that the use of a planetary mill leads to more recovery of iron, so that at 1 N acid concentration, iron recovery increases from 23.5% in the unmilled sludge sample to 60.5% in the milled sludge. Phase and chemical structure changes of sludge after planetary mill were clearly visible in XRD analysis.
Conclusion: The results showed that by combining mechanochemical and acid digestion, it is possible to significantly improve ferric chloride recovery in terms of acid consumption and final product quality; so that the iron based final product could be used for industrial wastewater treatment.

Background and Aims: International Health Regulations (IHR) are aimed at preventing and responding to acute public health risks. The city of Astara has a large population due to its land border (passenger, commercial). This study set out with the aim of evaluating the impact of healthcare services outsourcing to private sector during Covid-19 pandemic on the quantity and quality of )IHR( implementation as compared with public service delivery in 2018-2021.
Materials and Methods: During this quasi experimental study, healthcare services included vaccination, negative rapid test, rapid test, and screening for flu-like syndrome, which are performed by the private sector. Paired samples t-test using SPSS v27.was conducted to compare these services with those that were previously carried out by the government through total population sampling. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.
Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of Covid-19 vaccination, negative rapid test, and rapid test carried out in the public and private commercial and passenger sectors were (101.46± 44.15 and 2.33± 3.83), (14.07± 12.83 and 0.8±2.02), (134.33 ± 27.97 and 4.97± 6.43), (30.14± 25.34 and 1.67 ±3.77), (137.40± 27.52 and 4.97± 6.43) and (33.04±27.01 and 1.67±3.77). These results were found to be statistically significant (P-value < 0.001).
Conclusion: The results pointed towards the improvement of both the quality and quantity of healthcare following outsourcing. Pilot implementation in Gilan province requires special attention with regard to the allocation of funds for its better implementation.

Background and objectives: Saveh plain, which is one of the semi-arid regions of the country.There is a demand for underground water resources due to extensive agriculture and also the existence of the country's largest industrial city, and the limitations of surface water resources are high. The purpose of this study is the impact of short-term rainfall on the amount of changes in the quality of underground water in this region.

Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional descriptive study to evaluate the impact of rainfall on the chemical quality of water in the underground water resources of Saveh Plain in the period (2016-2018). Necessary information was collected from Iran's specialized mother company of water resources and the results were analyzed using DIC (Drought Indices Calculator) software and Chemistry software, and Wilcox and Shuler charts were used to determine drought years.

Results: The results showed that in the water year of 2016-2017, a severe drought prevailed in the Saveh Plain catchment area, but in 2017-2018, more rains occurred in this area, so it is considered a water year. The occurrence of successive droughts along with over-harvesting has caused the water in 74% of wells and 43% of aqueducts to be of unfavorable quality for agricultural purposes. For drinking purposes, the situation is better and 30% of wells, 53% of aqueducts and 93% of springs are in good and acceptable range for drinking purposes.

Conclusion: The results showed that the physical and chemical quality of underground water resources including wells, aqueducts and springs are affected by the amount of rainfall and the impact on underground water sources which are springs and aqueducts is more than short-term rainfall changes compared to wells in the region. Therefore, for optimal management, there is a need for proper planning in order to manage the consumption of water resources, change the pattern of cultivation and reduce unnecessary harvests in the mentioned plain.

 Background and Aims: Injuries caused by sharps and needles are one of the most important problems that put dentists in the throes of exposure to dangerous blood-borne diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of dentists in Yazd about needle stick injuries in 2022.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The questionnaire encompassed three parts including demographic characteristics (age, gender, injury history, work history), performance (11 questions), and awareness (14 questions). It was completed by 165 dentists. Data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation by SPSS 25. Ethical considerations were also observed at all stages of the study.
Results: In this study, 57% of dentists reported to have previous needle stick injuries. The mean scores of knowledges and practice were 24.24±5.17 and 22.62± 3.42 of the maximum scores of 28 and 33, respectively. Knowledge score had a statistically significant relationship only with the workplace of dentist activity (P <0.001); while practice score had a statistically significant relationship with gender, workplace, and history of needle stick injury. In addition, a significant correlation was found between knowledge and practice scores (P <0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, although dentists' knowledge toward NSI was acceptable, the practice was inadequate. The related educational programs could reinforce their practice.

Background and Aims: The emerging idea of a health-oriented academic lifestyle, which shows the most common behavioral indicators in facing academic challenges and is adapted from theories of achievement motivation, has recently been at the center of health psychologists' research in the academic field. Hence, the present research was carried out with the aim of designing and testing a model related to the antecedents and consequences of the stress Corona based on the health-oriented academic lifestyle in students.

Materials and Methods: This applied research had a descriptive, correlational design. The statistical population of the study was comprised of all the 10th grade male students of the Islamabad-Gharb city in the academic year of 2021-2022, (N= 888). The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size (n=268) and the sample was drawn via cluster random sampling method. To collect data, Corona Stress Scale (CSS-18) According to Iranian Lifestyle (Salimi et al., 2018) and the promoting and preventing educational health academic lifestyle behavior questionnaire (Salehzadeh et al., 2018) were used. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling with the partial least squares method, Smart-PLS 3.3 and SPSS 27 software was used.

Results: The results of the research showed that academic optimism, academic engagement, and academic resilience have a significant effect on corona stress on students and corona stress has a significant effect on learned helplessness, Academic procrastination and on students' avoidance of work. Also, the proposed research model is supported by empirical data.

Conclusion: In general, based on the findings of the research, it can be stated that it is necessary to prepare for the management of the antecedents and consequences of critical and unpredictable conditions such as the coronavirus in the academic process of students.

Background and Aims: Evaluation of CA19-9 tumor marker level as a suitable and specific marker is useful in early diagnosis and clinical management of pancreatic malignancies with new and reliable laboratory methods such as quantitative luminescence method.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the serum level of CA 19-9 by quantitative luminescence method for the early diagnosis of PADC from other benign pancreatic diseases.

Materials and Methods: 150 serum samples including; 50 samples with PDAC in different stages of the disease, 50 samples with benign disease conditions (chronic pancreatitis) and 50 healthy samples were examined as reference and control groups based on age/sex. Data analysis was done using Spss version 18 in separate groups with logistic regression analysis, comparison of means (ANOVA) and Tukey.

Results: The three studied groups (healthy people with an average of 8.031, people with chronic pancreatitis with an average of 49.932, and people with pancreatic cancer with an average of 543.164 (F=231.652, P<0.0001) in terms of average statistical analysis The averages were completely different.90% of the patients were over 50 years old and there was a significant relationship between increasing age and increasing tumor marker CA19-9 (r=0.465, n=150, P=0.000).There was a weak significant relationship between the increase in CA19-9 tumor marker levels in men compared to women (r=0.166, n=150, P=0.042) and in men there was a significant increase in CA19-9 tumor marker levels (30 out of 50 people Patients with pancreatic cancer: 60%) were seen. Also, differentiation of chronic pancreatitis patients from pancreatic cancer with ROC statistical analysis at the cut-off point at 100 units/ml had 100% accuracy in identifying malignancy.

Conclusion: The level of tumor marker CA 19-9, using age and gender factors, significantly distinguished healthy people from those with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with very appropriate accuracy.