Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention)

Background and Objectives: Finding the best way for improving performance is one of the most critical aims of sport activities. So the aim of this study was the comparison of the immediate pre-competition message, core stability exercises and combination of them on performance in elite women karate player.

Material and Methods: This was a semi-experimental study (pre and post-test). 60 elite women karate player involved in this study and randomly divided into 4 groups (ie sport massage group, Core stability exercises, combined and control (number of each group was 15). The massage group received one session of sport massage, and core stability group performed one session of core stability exercise and the mixed group performed both of this intervention. Before and after applying interventions, performances were tested by the following tests: Y balance test, Triple Hop and Figure-eight Hop tests. ANCOVA and paired t-test were used to examine the differences between groups.

Results: The results show that all three intervention groups reach a significant improvement in all performance tests (p<0.05). Also, between three interventions' effect, the most improvement was found in the mixed group, Massage and core stability exercise group, respectively.

Conclusion: finally results of this study show that combined training (i.e. Massage therapy and core training) has the best way to improve karate players' performance, so coaches and trainers should pay more attention to them during training sessions.

How to cite this article: Razavee Anari A, Nazarian AB, Aghayari A, Mozafaripour E. Comparison of the Immediate Effect of the Pre-Competition Massage, Core Stability Exercises and Combination of them on Functional Performance in Elite Women Karate Player. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):165-76.

Background and Objectives: Healthcare workers in the hospitals are in front line of contact with SARS-CoV-2. Then protection of healthcare workers is a critical point for maintenance of public health. Since correct use of mask and leakage of virus from the sides into the mask play an important role for mask efficiency, in this study inner surface of N95 mask with SARS-COV-2 was evaluated.

Materials and Methods: The inner surface of N95 (JSP 822ML model) masks in the health workers of an intensive care unit from Tehran for SARS-COV-2 contamination was determined. Ethics was emphasized by research license receiving, health and safety caring.SARS-COV-2 test was presented negative in studied subjects based on the heath records. All of samples was evaluated after a shift work use of mask by a sterile swab. The RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in samples was surveyed based on the real time reverse transcription-PCR.

Results: Studied intensive care unit was contaminated by eleven confirmed COVID-19. All of health workers performed health hygiene protocols and used N95 mask in a shift (12 hours) continuously. Health workers monitor patients in the distance lower than o.5 m. However, all of swab samples from inner surface of used N95 face mask were presented negative results for SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Conclusion: Due to the negative SARS-COV-2 test in subjects and results of virus detection in inner surface of masks, there are not considerable leakages into the masks. Personal protective equipment is the last suggestion in the occupational safety, continuous and correct use of N95 mask has been recommended as the most important part of health protocol for respiratory protecting against SARS-COV-2. Moreover, training of health care workers for correct use of protective mask has been recommended.

How to cite this article: Pouyakian M, Zendehdel R, Moradpour Z, Bokharaei-Salim F, Helmi-kohnehshahri M, Taherianfar Z. Inter-Surface Contamination of Utilized N95 Masks in Healthcare Workers of an Intensive Care Unit of in Iran during Covid-19 Outbreak. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):177-82.

Background and Objectives: Noise pollution and lack of light directly affect the activities of employees and cause burnout and negative behaviors in the individual. The aim of this study was to investigate the physically harmful factors of noise and local illumination of the workplace and the rate of burnout in the intensive care unit of the brain in Loghman Hakim Hospital.

Method and Materials: The present study is a cross-sectional and observational-descriptive study and the statistical population was the staff of the intensive care unit of Loghman Hakim Hospital. The study instruments included the Maslach burnout questionnaire (25), sound meter, and luxometer.

Results: The average noise in the workplace is 44.3 decibels and exceeds the standard. The local lighting condition of 38 stations measured in 20 stations (equivalent to 78.95%) was unfavorable. The burnout questionnaire showed that all employees had depression and the highest rate of burnout was observed in the dimension of emotional fatigue and personal performance and the lowest rate was observed in the dimension of depersonalization.

Conclusion: People who work in the intensive care unit of the brain are more exposed to stress due to the nature of the job and the possibility of burnout at high levels is predicted in them to hold training courses and improve stress management skills to prevent burnout. The staff of this department should be taken into consideration .

How to cite this article: Bahramzadeh AH, Monazami-Tehrani G, Nateghinia S, Akbari-Dilmaghani N. Evaluation of Noise, Light and Burnout in the Intensive Care unit of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):183-9.

Background and Objectives: TRX exercises with injury prevention approach have been introduced as a new way to prevent lower extremity injury in athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TRX preventive exercises on some predictor tests of lower extremity injury in athletes at risk of injury.

Materials and Methods: 24 student Athletes were randomly divided according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in to the control and training groups. In the pretest, jump tests such as side hop, figure 8, and three single-leg hop and Y balance functional test and also LESS were performed as predictive tests for lower extremity injury. The training group then performed TRX exercises for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week. The control group was also asked to do not any special sport activities. After 6 weeks training, All tests performed in the pre-test phase were also performed in the post-test phase. Independent T-test and analysis of covariance methods at a significant level of P≤0.05 were used to analyze the research findings.

Results: The results of the covariance analysis test showed that doing the TRX exercises significantly improved the results of side hop, figure 8, three single-leg hop, Y balance tests and LESS in the training group rather than control (P≤0.001). So that subjects of the TRX training group had better performance in post-test than in pre-test. However, there was no significant improvement in the performance of control group subjects in any of the tests (P≥0.05).

Conclusion: Given the impact of TRX exercises on predictive tests for lower extremity injury in athletes prone to injury, it is recommended that this exercises method be used in the form of preventive injury protocols in sport teams, especially university sports teams. 

How to cite this article: Kalantariyan M, Rajabi R. The effect of TRX Preventive Exercises on some Tests for Predicting Lower Extremity Injury in Athlete’s Students Prone to Injury. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):190-200.

Background and Objectives: Industrial accidents and occupational diseases mostly lead to considerable human, environmental, and economic losses. Hence, the present study aims at determining the pattern of the influential factors in the development of occupational safety and health.

Methods and Matereal: The statistical population of the study included all the small and medium-sized enterprises in Tabriz. Two questionnaires were used for data collection. All the load factors were greater than 0.5 and statistically significant, which shows the good validity of the questionnaire. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha for all the major components was greater than 0.7, which shows the good reliability of the questionnaire. In order to determine the pattern of the influential factors in the development of occupational safety and health, confirmatory factor analysis and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) were used for data analysis.

Result: Research findings at the confirmatory factor analysis for the major components indicates that the RMSEA is smaller than 0.05, the GFI, CFI, and NFI are greater than 0.9. As a result, the seven major components are confirmed as the components of the pattern of the development of occupational safety and health. Finding of the Interpretive Structural Modeling showed that the “organization and management” is the most influential component and the “employee safety quality” is the most impressible component in the pattern of safety and health development directly and indirectly affected by other components.

Conclusion: According to the determined pattern, managers can focus on the major influential components such as the organization and management, and managerial measures to improve the impressible components and increase the organization resilience against occupational disasters and diseases by increasing the employees’ safety.

How to cite this article: Shadi R, Feghi- Farahmand N, Rahmani K. A Causal Model of Factors Affecting the Development of Occupational Safety and Health Using Interpretive-Structural Modeling. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):201-11.

Background and Objectives: Traffic violations and accidents are serious problems of social and public management in most societies. While much research has been done on the etiology and human factors associated with traffic violations and accidents, the role of psychological factors, especially personality and cognitive variables, less attention has been paid. This study aimed to compare the sensitivity to punishment, sensitivity to reward, and driving risk perception in two groups of offending and non- offending drivers.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 drivers (42 individuals in the offending group and 38 individuals in the non-offending group) from Iran, bojnord, in 2020 were selected by purposeful and available sampling. Data was collected using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaires -Revised and Clarified (SPSRQ-RC) and the Driving Hazard Perception Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

Results: There were statistically significant difference in sensitivity to punishment between the two groups of offending and non-offending drivers, and the offending group had less sensitivity to punishment than the non-offending group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in sensitivity to reward (p>0.05). also, results showed that there were significant difference between the two groups in driving risk perception; driving risk perception in offending drivers was less than non- offending drivers (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Lower sensitivity to punishment and driving risk perception is associated with more driving violations. Accordingly, Strategies generating campaigns that focus on negative sanctions that could activate the BIS may be particularly effective in reducing illegal and risky driving behaviors. Also, the driving risk perception can be considered an essential factor in screening drivers for a driver's license.

How to cite this article: Mohammadzadeh -Ebrahimi A, Alavi KH. Sensitivity to Punishment, Sensitivity to Reward and Driving Risk Perception between Offender and Non- Offender Drivers: A Comparative Study. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):212-20.

Background and Objectives: Falling is one of the most common and serious problems in old age that happens a lot. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pilates exercises on lower limb muscle strength, mobility, respiratory function and quality of life in elderly women.

Methods and Materials: This study was a randomized controlled trial. Thirty elderly women in the age range of 60-80 years from District 2 of Mashhad based on the inclusion criteria were selected as a statistical sample and were randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The 30- Second Chair stand test, time up and go, breathing rate per minute, and the rate of breath holding and exhaling and quality of life questionnaire were used for measure the lower limb muscle strength, mobility, respiratory function, and quality of life, respectively. The experimental group performed a Pilates exercise program for 6 weeks, 6 sessions per week and about 45 to 60 minutes per session. Data analysis was performed using statistical analysis of variance for repeated measures at 95% confidence level.

Results: The results showed that lower extremity muscle strength, mobility, respiratory function and quality of life of the experimental group significantly improved in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P <0.05). Also, a significant difference was observed in all variables between the experimental and control groups in the post-test (P <0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results, 6 weeks of daily Pilates exercises improved leg strength, mobility, respiratory function and consequently the quality of life in elderly women (P <0.05). Therefore, we recommend these exercises as a safe intervention to prevent falling and improve mobility, respiratory function and quality of life in the elderly.

How to cite this article: Soleimani payam M, Moghadasi M. The Effect of Pilates Exercises on Functional Fitness, Respiratory Function and Quality of Life in Older Women. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):221-9.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, knowing the kinematic changes of lower limb joint angles in jump-landing tasks can provide useful information to prevent lower limb injuries in people with flat foot. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the kinematics of landing of athletes with flat and natural soles using landing error scoring system.

Materials and Methods: In the present study, 26 male athletes with flat foot and 26 male athletes with normal arch of the foot participated. The arch of the foot was measured by using the staheli index. Based on this index, values of 0.89> SI > 0.53 as normal foot and SI > 0.89 as flatfoot were evaluated and quantified. Kinematic data were recorded using motion capture cameras. The test used in the present study was landing error scoring system. Independent t-test was used to evaluate the mean difference in dependent variables between the two groups of healthy and flat-footed anomalies and Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the distribution of variables. All statistical tests were performed by SPSS software version 20 at 95% confidence interval with P value less than or equal to 0.05.

Results: The results of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between the research groups in the jump-landing test (LESS) in that the flat-bottomed group showed higher scores (poorer performance) than the normal arch of the foot group(P> 0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the results of the jump-landing test (LESS), it can be concluded that changes in the position of the arch of the foot and therefore in the alignment of the body, probably affect the angles of the lower limb joints during daily activities and sports, which can change the pattern of damage.

 How to cite this article: Abolfathi E, minoonejad H, Karimizadeh Ardakani M, mohamadkhani K. Comparison of Landing Kinematics of Athletes male with Flat and Natural Foot by Using Landing Error Scoring System and Tuck Jump. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat. 2021;9(3):230-7.