Journal of Behdasht dar Arseh (i.e., Health in the Field)

Background and Aim: Appropriate organizational climate plays an important role in achieving the goals of the organization. To evaluate the organizational climate, a valid questionnaire is needed. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Halpin and Kraft's organizational climate questionnaire among the employees of emergency medical centers.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 270 employees of emergency medical centers in Ahvaz between January and May 2021. Data collection was done by census method and using organizational climate questionnaire by Halpin and Croft. Validity of form, content, and translation of the questionnaire were checked by experts. Validity (convergent and divergent) and reliability were evaluated using factors loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), reciprocal factor loadings, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability in SMART-PLS 3 software.

Results: The validity of the form, content and translation of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts according to the Iranian society. All factor loadings of questionnaire items and AVE index for all constructs were higher than 0.4. AVE index for the whole questionnaire was 0.518. Examining reciprocal factor loadings confirmed divergent validity. Cronbach's alpha index and composite reliability for all questionnaire constructs were higher than 0.7. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability for the whole questionnaire were 0.966 and 0.968, respectively.

Conclusion: Validity and reliability of this questionnaire according to the Iranian society was confirmed at a high level. Therefore, this questionnaire can be used to evaluate the organizational climate in organizations, especially health care organizations and centers

Background and Aims The balance between attention to patient concerns and safety issues related to the transmission of Covid-19 with dental visits for prevention and treatment has created a new challenge for oral and dental care.  The aim of this study was to determine public attitudes towards dental services and the possibility of contracting covid-19.

Materials and Methods: In this analytical-cross-sectional study, 197 patients referred to the two centers of Rasht Dental Faculty and Special Clinic were examined by continuous sampling in 2021-2022. The data collection tool included personal and social information, oral and dental health behaviors, the importance of receiving dental services, the probability of contracting COVID-19 in dentistry, visiting a dentist during COVID-19, and contributing events for going to the dentist. Statistical tests were conducted using SPSS software (v. 24). Ethical considerations were considered in all stages of the study.

Results: The average age of the subjects was 33.74± 8.94. In general, 37.69% of participants mentioned a history of COVID-19 infection. 55.8% of respondents usually visited the dentist. Most of the people (64.5%) were fully aware of the importance of oral and dental health and receiving dental services. Approximately 72.1% were worried about the transmission of COVID-19 from the dentist. Almost 67% of respondents believed that contracting COVID-19 is more dangerous than going to the dentist.

Conclusion: The findings of this study underline the important role of each country's health system in providing correct information and guaranteeing the provision of safe dental services and giving reassurance to society.

Background and Aims: Wastewater treatment plants are systems that can contribute to the health of the industry and the environment provided that they function properly. Mathematical and statistical simulators coupled with various models can be used to alleviate the costs of monitoring and managing wastewater treatment systems.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive- analytical study. Considering the complexity of biological processes along with the advances in data processing methods, algorithms (ANN) and M5 model tree were used in this study in order to make a modelto estimate the effluent COD in the sanitary wastewater treatment plant of one of the country's refineries. ANN and M5 were developed through learning and testing stages based on daily data of five consecutive years (2015-2020). Various statistical indicators such as MSE and R were used to evaluate the models. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

Results: In the ANN model with 100 hidden layers, through the training step, the amount of MSE and R respectively decreased and increased, compared to the two modes of 10 and 30 hidden layers. This is why 100 layers were chosen for this model. Also, in the M5 tree model, R-S_qOptimal = 0.6147 was calculated by selecting independent data as input, which is significant at the 0.05 level. In other words, with 95% confidence, the developed model is considered sufficiently logical for predicting COD_out. The results showed that the ANN model outperformed M5 model tree for predicting effluent COD with a coefficient of determination equal to 0.90 and 0.61, respectively.

Conclusion: Both models have high robustness, reliability and generalizability. Therefore, ANN and M5 model tree data mining techniques can be successfully used for environmental decision-making and estimation of lost data in wastewater treatment plants.

Background and Aims: Products made by bees that are used in alternative medicine include honey, beeswax, bee pollen, propolis and royal jelly. Royal jelly is a natural bee secretion produced by cephalic glands of nurse bees and has been used since ancient times until today due to its powerful properties and healing effects. Many studies have been carried out on cells, laboratory animals, and humans to investigate potential health related properties of royal jelly. However, clinical trials are found in a smaller number. There is also the paucity of research on its preservation methods.

Materials and Methods: In the current study, we aimed to review the scientific findings and research that prove the majority of the remarkable various actions, effects and some uses of royal jelly. Electronic databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Scholar, Cochrane, Proquest, SID and Magiran were searched. Ethical considerations were regarded during writing of the study.

Results: There observed numerous studies in which the biological properties and effects of royal jelly including antioxidant, neurotrophic, hipoglicemiant, hipocholesterolemiant and hepatoprotective, hypotensive and blood pressure regulatory, antitumor, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-allergic, general tonic and antiaging have been considered.

Conclusion: Based on the results of this review, it was found that royal jelly is effective in promoting public and reproductive health, although more clinical studies are needed in the future.

Background and Aims: One of the effective factors in the academic progress of students is academic self-efficacy, which in turn is governed by different factors. This research was aimed to investigate the relationship between health promoting components and academic self-efficacy among students in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out by field method in 2023. The statistical population consisted of 1790 students affiliated by Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. Based on Morgan's table, the sample size was determined to be 317 people. Accordingly, three questionnaires (stress, nutrition, responsibility towards mental health and public health) were used. The Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression tests were considered. Compliance with ethical considerations was considered in all stages of the study.

Results: The results showed that the stress component (with the variable age group of 22 to 25 and 59% female gender) had the greatest effect on academic self-efficacy with a significant inverse correlation and a beta coefficient of 0.645. Three variables of nutrition (0.638), taking responsibility for mental health (0.564), and public health (0.615) showed a positive and significant correlation with academic self-efficacy. According to the results, health promoting components were able to significantly predict 58% of the variance of academic self-efficacy in students.

Conclusion: There is a significant and positive relationship between academic self-efficacy and health-enhancing components (stress, nutrition, public health and responsibility for mental health). It means that the presence of health-enhancing components in students advance their self-efficacy beliefs.

Background and Aims: Given the extensive and irreparable effects that COVID-19 has had on health, economy and society, it is the duty of marketers to prevent Corona with effective marketing and spread preventive behaviors. This study aimed to provide a model of marketing factors effective in preventing Corona.

Materials and Methods: This research is practical in terms of purpose and of the qualitative research type. The purpose of this article was to identify the basic marketing factors effective in preventing Corona. The research participants were health and marketing experts, and the data was extracted using semi-structured interviews which thereafter were tested by theme analysis. Qualitative software Atlas TI was accordingly exploited. Compliance with ethical considerations was considered in all stages of the study implementation.

Results: The results showed that effective marketing factors in the prevention of Corona include six areas consisting of value creation, marketing research, education and information, marketing mix, strengthening the culture of participation, and accountability and creating social trust. The subcodes of the mentioned areas encompass networking, response-based strategy, education and information, partnership strategy, price, product, distribution, promotion, cultural patterns, strengthening partnership benefits, social acceptance, value delivery, trust building, and marketing research.

Conclusion: The factors identified in this research are effective factors in changing behavior and preventive behaviors in Corona, which should be taken into consideration by the officials and health authorities so that by using them properly, preventive behaviors of Corona can be implemented in the country.

Background and Aims: Excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among elementary school students is increasing. This is related to adverse health consequences, in particular the occurrence of chronic diseases in adulthood. Understanding the predictors of reducing the intention to consume these drinks makes it possible to design more effective interventions. The present study was conducted with the purpose of determining the factors affecting the intention to consume sugar-sweetened beverages in primary school students using the theory of planned behavior.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional-analytical study was conducted on 300 elementary school students in Arak city. Students were selected by cluster sampling. The number of consumed glasses of sugar-sweetened beverages per day by students and their mothers as well as the structures of the theory of planned behavior were assessed using the researcher-made questionnaire to determine the most effective predictors of the intention to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in students. The results were analyzed by linear regression test. Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

Results: The mean age of the students was 11.14±1.26 years and their consumption of sugar-sweetened was 3.86±2.59 glasses per day. Perceived behavioral control (p < 0.001, β = 0.55) and subjective norms (p < 0.001, β = 0.25) were predictors of intention to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. These variables were able to predict 49% of the variance of the intention to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the perceived behavioral control constructs and subjective norms from the theory of planned behavior significantly explained the intention to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in students. It is recommended to design educational interventions to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among students based on this theory.