Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention)

Background and Objectives:Road traffic accidents in Iran are a very important issue that limits economic development and is one of the main threats to the health and safety of people in the community. The statistics show that after cardiovascular disease, traffic accidents are the second leading cause of death in different age groups, which has made prediction in this area important.

Materials and Methods: In this study, using the statistics of traffic injuries between April 2009 and March 2012 in Golestan, Mazandaran, Gilan and Ardebil provinces, they were referred to forensic medicine using the Jenkins Boxing Methodology, one of the most advanced methods Forecasting and future studies in the field of health systems, predicted the number of injuries by province, for the years 1395 to 1398.

Results: The results of the study showed that the appropriate time series pattern for predicting Golestan injuries, ARIMA (4,2,4), Mazandaran ARIMA (3,1,5), Gilan ARIMA (3,1,4) and Ardibil ARIMA (5, 1,2). Also, the average percentage of absolute error for Golestan province was 0.114, Mazandaran province was 0.064, Guilan province was 0.078 and Ardabil province was 0.1250. Which demonstrates the precision of the Jenkins Boxing Methodology in predicting the number of traffic jams, especially in Mazandaran and Guilan? Estimated values for 1995 to 1398 showed that the number of road traffic injuries in Golestan province is increasing and is decreasing in Mazandaran, Gilan and Ardebil provinces.

Conclusion: The high accuracy of the Jenkins methodology methodology shows that a suitable method is available to experts and managers for predicting traffic injuries in Golestan, Gilan, Mazandaran and Ardebil provinces. The decrease in injuries in Mazandaran, Gilan and Ardebil in the future indicates a progressive improvement in the behavior of the transportation system in these provinces, as well as the Golestan province is moving towards an increase in traffic accidents, requiring re-planning to reduce accidents in This is the province.

How to cite this article:Asgari H, Omidi MR, Omidi N. Use of Econometric Techniques to Estimate the Traumatic Trend of Road Accidents.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2018; 6(4):173-182 .

Background and aim: Low-frequency noise, even at low levels, is annoying and affects the cognitive Performances of individuals. Some individual differences, such as sensitivity, can reduce or increase the effect of noise on cognitive Performances. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of noise sensitivity on cognitive performance in the exposure of low frequency noise.

Materials and Methods: This is an interventional study. The study population was Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. 120 of them were selected through purposeful sampling (60 high sensitivities and 60 low sensitivity). By simulating the real environment of each person, they were exposed to 50, 60 and 70 dB for 40 minutes. During the encounter, the cognitive Performances of the subjects were examined using the integrated visual-auditory continuous performance test. SPSS20 software and data using independent t-test and ANOVA were studied.

Results: The results showed that low-frequency noise negatively affects the components of cognitive Performances and decreases cognitive Performances by increasing the noise level from 50 to 70 dB and from 125 to 250 Hz (p <0.05). The study of the effect of the sensitivity of the subjects showed that in patients with high sensitivity, cognitive Performances were more affected than those with low sensitivity and the difference between the two groups was significant (p <0.05).

Conclusion: The results showed that increasing the level of noise pressure reduces the auditory components of the types of attention and quality of work, and this negative effect is higher in people with high sensitivity to low frequency noise.

How to cite this article: Babamiri M, Moatamedzadeh M, Golmohammadi R, Farhadian M, Derakhshan J. The Role of individual susceptibility to the effects of low frequency noise on cognitive Performances.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2018; 6(4):183-190.

Background and Aim: Several work related accidents occur in Open pit mines annually, resulting in permanent disability and death. The present study was designed to develop a measurement tool for assessment of incidents  reported in Open Pit metal mines according to rules and regulations.

Methods: In this research, we first studied 200 cases of work-related accidents in the years 2009-2016, in order to provide the basic foundations for the formulation of the necessary elements for the structures of this questionnaire. The questionnaire was first designed with four structures, 13 dimensions and 81 questions. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, the formal, content, and structure validity of the questionnaire was used to determine the reliability of the two methods of internal consistency (Crohn’s Alpha) and test-retest using the coefficient of intratrail. Provided questionnaire was distributed among 377 employees of metal open-pit mines workers of Yazd and

Kerman city. Data were analyzed through SPSS and LISREL software. Ethical considerations in this study were adhered based on the Helsinki guidelines.

Results: The content validity of 22 items was eliminated and by calculating construct validity, a questionnaire with four constraints of violation of rules and regulations, unsafe operator behaviors, unsafe conditions of equipment and environmental unsafe conditions that has a reliability equal to 0.842, and the elements of the questionnaire has content validity. The scout study Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and KMO in the main study was 0.842 and 0.708 subsequently. Questionnaire items also have content validity (CVI = 0.84). The questionnaire data will only be used for analysis and will not be used elsewhere.

Conclusion: This questionnaire is an appropriate native tool with the approach of local role and regulations for  assessing work-related accidents in open-pit metal mines.

How to cite this article: Hasanzadeh L, Khani Jazani R, Gholamnia R, Monazami Tehrani Gh. Development a Questionnaire to Assess the Work Related Accidents in Open Pit Metal Mines According to Rules and Regulations.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2018; 6(4):203 -114.

Background and Objectives:Traffic accidents outcomes not only involve death and injury in the community, but also lead to a collapse in social relationships, disturbing mental health, and lowering the quality of life of people in these communities. Violent behaviors in driving in addition to physical harm and death also affect the social and mental health of citizens. This research was conducted to identify violent behavior of motor vehicle drivers and to measure and distribute these behaviors in Tehran.

Methods and Materiales: This research was carried out using a researcher-made questionnaire with high validity and reliability in the period of September-December 2018. The questionnaire consisted of two sections of demographic information of drivers and 20 specific questions about violent behaviors. Exclusive questions on the 5-point Likert scale were completely disagreeable = 1 to totally agree = 5. Content validity coefficient was used to calculate content validity, which was 0.7 for any questions and 0.72 for all questions. Using the 10 experts, content validity index was also 0.8. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability. Cronbach's coefficient was 0.7. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 and descriptive statistics and non-parametric statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal).

Results: Being nervous from getting stuck in traffic or getting stuck behind a slow-driving driver has the highest distribution among drivers (11.2). The lowest mean was the passing of red lights and tongues or smears for other drivers. Investigating the relationship between demographic variables and the degree of violence in drivers also showed a significant relationship between vehicle type and mean of violence (p = 0.001) and between mean of violence in two groups of drivers who had a history of conflict and the group which did not have (p = 0.018).

Conclusion: Considering that violent behavior in driving can have many negative consequences in the society, educations should be applied for people who have a history of conflict and engagement with other people and have less patience in traffic; in order to improve driving behavior, aggression control and respecting the law.

How to cite this article: Soori H, Yousefinezhadi T, Razaghi A. The Prevalence of Violence in Driving among Motor Vehicles Drivers in Tehran.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2018; 6(4):215-222.

Background and Objectives:Between in-vehicle tools, cell phone use while driving is known as distraction sources in the world. This issue is even more important because of the increased accidents and losses caused by driving it. The purpose of this study was to investigate driver behavior and determine the factors affecting the use of cell phone while driving.

Materials and Method: To achieve the goal, the theory of planned behavior was used. A questionnaire was designed based on this theory and collected in Gorgan city. The “factor analysis’ method was used to evaluate the factors affecting the use of cell phone while driving.

Result: Results showed that among the five important factors of driving behavior, perceived behavioral control, explained 25.32, had highest impact on cell phone use while driving. also, other factors like addicted to mobile phone and demographic characteristics were the second and third cause of mobile phone use while driving.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the driver is convinced that he is controlling his behavior and is able to react quickly and responsibly against unexpected events (such as the sudden braking of a car while using a cell phone), among all of variable, this variable is the most important that cause use of cell phone. Therefore, So, authorities should pay attention to the mentioned shortcomings and attempt to take a helpful strike for reforming them.

How to cite this article: Sedaghati Shokri B, Davoodi SR, Behnood HR. Investigating the Effect of Cell Phone Use on Gorgan City Drivers’ Performance by Using Factor Analysis.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2018; 6(4): 229-236.

Background and Objective:One of the most fuel materials that recently considered is compressed natural gas (CNG). Despite all the known benefits, storage, transportation and use of compressed natural gas as a fuel have risks such as explosions and fires. This study was aimed towards Consequence Modeling of Fire and Explosion on Methane Storage Tanks in a CNG refueling Station.

Materials and Methods: In this study, A CNG station was evaluated. Considering the results of the visit the CNG station, survey of the recent studies and events and review of experts' opinions, four scenarios of discharges, catastrophic rupture, jet fire and explosions in compressed natural gas storage tanks were evaluated. Then each of these scenarios by using the software is modeled and Possible Consequences of each scenario were evaluated. In order to Consequence Modeling and examine the outcome of Consequences in this study, the PHAST software version 6.7 was used.

Results: In this study two jet fire and explosion scenarios of storage tanks were selected as the worst case scenarios. In jet fire scenario the maximum area affected by fire is 135/13 square meters in the leakage dimension of 150 millimeters. The results of CNG storages explosion modeling also showed that at a distance of 20 meters from storage tanks, the explosion pressure increase is 1 bar (The probability of death in this pressure is 100%) and gradually decrease by increase the distance from the storage tanks, as far as the distance of 400 meters, it reaches at 0.01 bar that is a safe area. It was also found, in the radius 52, 69 and 232 meters of the storage tanks there were 0.21, 0.14 and 0.02 bar increasing pressure, respectively.

Conclusion: The results of present study showed that leakage and damage of the storage tanks, can lead to deadly accidents, Particular in dual-purpose refueling stations (CNG and Gasoline). So according to the results of this study, increasing the number of this refueling stations in recent years, corrective actions in order to increasing the safety levels in methane gas storage tanks in CNG refueling Station is essential.

How to cite this article: Sadeghi Yarandi M, Karimi A. Evaluation of Consequence Modeling of Fire and Explosion on Methane Storage Tanks in a CNG refueling Station. Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2018; 6(4): 237-246.

Background and Objectives: Accidents vehicles and pedestrians are the result of an increase in vehicles, and the lack of any planning will cause irreparable damages. Such planning requires prediction models that determine the effect factors and prioritizations possible. Imam Khomeini Street, which is a two-story street in Esfahan, Iran, is ranked first in accidents. Therefore, the aim is to analyze different solutions and their combination and prioritize them for reducing and preventing accidents by modeling.

Materials and Methods: The crash statistics of 2015 were used. Details were collected through field studies, and the definition of strategies and modeling were done in the IHSDM software. Due to ethical considerations, the people’s identity was not provided by the police. Solutions for removing the marginal park, reducing access, increasing distance, and reducing the fixed objects and their combination were analyzed. For Bridge, the increase in the number and width of the passageways and the distance between barriers were investigated.

Results: The need to calibrate the IHSDM software became clear, and the analyses showed that if no strategy was implemented, the crashes would increase by 12.6%. Among the individual and combined solutions, the removal of the marginal park and the use of four solutions at the same time, and for the bridge, the increase in the distance barrier were identified as the most influential.

Conclusion: It became clear that the application of models, the provision of solutions, the study of the effect and the prioritization and using all factors involved in crashes is necessary.

How to cite this article: Aboutalebi-Esfahani M, Haghshenas H, Salehan D. Strategies for Preventing or Reducing Accidents, and Assessing and Prioritizing them with Modeling Case Study: Isfahan.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2018; 6(4):191-202.

Background and Objectives:The most common forms of violence against the elderly are financial, psychological, physical and social violence. The prevalence of violence against the elderly varies between 2.2 and 14 percent in high- or middle-income countries. The present study was conducted to identify the experiences of violence against the elderly in Tehran in 1397.

Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2013 using semi-structured clinical interviews and group interviews on 36 males and females aged 60 and over in different regions of Tehran. To observe ethical considerations and twenty six codes of protection for the subject, the purpose of the study, the confidentiality of the name, informed consent, the right to leave the study at each stage of the work was carried out. After ensuring the willingness to participate in the study and create a safe atmosphere, group interviews were held. First, demographic, economic, and social information was recorded with the elderly question. Then, violence experiences were analyzed from the beginning of the age of 60 to the time of study, recording, and immediately after the end of the implementation session and using the content analysis method. The purpose of sampling was content and content saturation. In interviews, general and open semi-structured questions were used based on the topic guide. Data validity was obtained using qualitative study criteria: credibility, transferability, confirmability and dependability. Data collected from interviews were analyzed using MAXQDA version 2018 software.

Result: Four types of experienced violence including physical, psychosocial, financial and social violence were identified among the elderly.

Conclusion: Identifying the experiences of violence against the elderly can lead to the design, planning and implementation of necessary interventions to improve the quality of life and prevention of harm in the elderly community.

How to cite this article: Iranfar M. Violence Experiences against the Elderly in Tehran in 1397.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2018; 6(4):223-228.