بررسی عوامل موثر در بروز اختلالات اضطرابی و اضطراب فراگیر در کودکان شهر بوشهر در سال 1398 اضطراب کودکان پیشدبستانی
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی بهداشت در عرصه,
دوره 9 شماره 2,
19 بهمن 2022
,
صفحه 44-53
https://doi.org/10.22037/jhf.v9i2.34852
چکیده
زمینه و اهداف: اختلالات اضطرابی، شایعترین اختلال روانی کودکان است که شیوع بالایی در ایران دارد. شناسایی علل و تشخیص زود هنگام این گروه از اختلالات میتواند اثرات طولانی مدت آن را به حداقل برساند.لذا هدف از این مطالعه بررسی عوامل مؤثر در بروز اختلالات اضطرابی و اضطراب فراگیر درکودکان شهر بوشهر میباشد.
مواد و روشها: این مطالعه از نوع مقطعی است که در سال ۱۳۹۸ در شهر بوشهر انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش، تمام کودکان ۴تا ۶ سال پیش دبستانی و مهدکودک های این شهر بودندکه به صورت خوشه ای از بین آنها ، نمونه ای به حجم 428 انتخاب شد. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه سنجش اضطراب اسپنس (فرم والدین) بود. به منظور توصیف و تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از روشهای آمار توصیفی (فراوانی و درصد) و آمار استبناطی (آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون تعقيبي شفه) در سطح معنیداری 5 درصد در محیط نرم افزار SPSS نسخه ۲۴ استفاده گردید.
یافته ها: تعداد اعضای خانواده (003/0=P-value)، تحصیلات پدر (00۱/0=P-value) و مادر (00۱/0=P-value)، وضعیت اشتغال پدر (0۳/0=P-value) و جدايي والدین از یکدیگر (00۲/0=P-value)، نوع سرپرست (00۱/0P-value<) و سابقه رویداد ناخوشایند (00۱/0 P-value<) در بروز اضطراب فراگیر کودکان موثر بودند. همچنین بروز همه انواع اختلالات اضطرابی مورد بررسی، سطح تحصیلات والدین ، سابقه رویداد ناخوشایند و تعداد اعضای خانواده (به جز در جراحات جسمانی) نقش داشتهاند.
نتیجهگیری: براساس یافتههای این پژوهش، عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی خانواده نقش زیادی در اضطراب کودکان دارد. بنابراین لازم است آموزشهای والدین جهت پیشگیری از ابتلا کودکان به اضطراب، مد نظر سیاستگذاران حوزه سلامت قرار گیرد.
- واژگان کلیدی: اضطراب، کودکان، پیشدبستانی، مهدکودک
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