Efficacy of combined chemical and biological methods for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from wastewater
Journal of Behdasht dar Arseh (i.e., Health in the Field),
Vol. 12 No. 2 (1403),
2 November 2024
,
Page 45-52
https://doi.org/10.22037/jhf.v12i2.45445
Abstract
Background and Aims: Hazardous chlorophenol compounds are present in wastewater generated from refineries, pesticide production, and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, the removal of 2, 4-dichlorophenol using a combined method was investigated.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a chemical process, as a pre-treatment, was used to remove pollutants from synthetic wastewater at concentrations of 5–15 mg/L. This was followed by a biological process for further treatment of wastewater. In the chemical process, alum and ferric chloride were used at concentrations of 150–250 mg/L and 150–350 mg/L, respectively. In the biological process, the activated sludge method with suspended and attached growth using the plant Luffa cylindrica was employed as the attached growth. Ethical considerations were taken into account at all stages of the study.
Results: The optimum pH for alum in the chemical process was found to be 3. Similarly, ferric chloride performed well at pH 5 and 7. Also, the optimum concentrations for alum and ferric chloride were 1000 mg/L and 350 mg/L, respectively. The highest removal efficiencies obtained by alum and ferric chloride were respectively 30% and 35% at a concentration of 15 mg 2,4-dichlorophenol per liter. In the biological process, COD removal efficiency was 91% for the combined reactor and 74%, 81% and 86.5% for the reactors containing 5, 10, and 15 mg/L pollutants, respectively. The COD removal efficiency of the combined reactor was 89%, while in the activated sludge with attached growth using Luffa and without chemical treatment, it was 67%.
Conclusion: The activated sludge reactor with attached growth using Luffa cylindrica outperformed the conventional activated sludge in the removal of 2, 4-dichlorophenol.
- Chlorophenol
- Coagulation
- Activated sludge
- Luffa cylindrica
How to Cite
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