Survey on the relationship between bioaerosol count, ozone concentration, and UV radiation intensity in indoor and outdoor air at selected urban comprehensive health service centers in Tehran, 2021
Journal of Behdasht dar Arseh (i.e., Health in the Field),
Vol. 12 No. 2 (1403),
2 November 2024
,
Page 71-83
https://doi.org/10.22037/jhf.v12i2.43144
Abstract
Background and Aims: The quality of indoor and outdoor air and its impact on the health of employees and visitors at urban comprehensive health service centers are of great importance in public health studies. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the bioaerosol counts in the indoor and outdoor air of these centers.
Materials and Methods: This study followed a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical approach. The study was conducted in five urban comprehensive health service centers in the metropolis of Tehran over a period of four months, during both the dry and wet seasons. Bioaerosols collection, as well as measurement of suspended particles, UV radiation, ozone, wind speed, temperature, and humidity were carried out using specialized equipment following 120 minutes sampling, which was conducted at a height of 1.5 meters above ground level in both the waiting rooms and the outdoor environment. The counts of biological aerosols were reported in terms of CFU/m³. Ethical considerations were taken into account throughout all stages of the study.
Results: The average colony counts of airborne bacteria and fungi in the waiting rooms of the centers were higher than those in the outdoor air. The average colony counts of airborne bacteria and fungi in the waiting rooms were 86.4 and 1062.1, respectively; while the counts were 89.6 and 1060.1 in the outdoor air, respectively. The presence of microorganisms such as Aspergillus and Penicillium was higher in the waiting rooms compared to other fungi.
Conclusion: The count of bio-aerosols in the centers were different based on the seasonal variables, the density of staff, the number of clients, and the floor area of the waiting room. Proper management of environmental health and attention to the microbial air pollution in the waiting room of health care centers leads to the improved health status of employees and visitors and thus reduces the associated costs.
- Ozone, Airborne bacteria, Bioaerosols, Airborne fungi, Penicillium, Comprehensive health centers
- Ozone
- Airborne bacteria
- Bioaerosols
- Airborne fungi
- Penicillium
- Comprehensive health centers
How to Cite
References
- Joyce S, Modini M, Christensen H, Mykletun A, Bryant R, Mitchell PB, et al. Workplace interventions for common mental disorders: A systematic meta-review. Psychological Medicine 2016; 46(4):683-97.
- Mirhoseini SH, Ariyan F, Mohammadi S. Quantitative and qualitative monitoring of airborne bacteria and fungi and their relationship with environmental parameters in two selected primary schools. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences 2020; 22(6):242-51 (In Persian).
- Brągoszewska E, Mainka A, Pastuszka JS, Lizończyk K, Desta YG. Assessment of bacterial aerosol in a preschool, primary school and high school in Poland. Atmosphere 2018; 9(3):87. Doi: 10.3390/atmos9030087.
- Mirhoseini SH, Nikaeen M, Satoh K, Makimur K. Assessment of airborne particles in indoor environments: Applicability of particle counting for prediction of bioaerosol concentrations. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2016; 16(8):1903-10.
- Kim KH, Kabir E, Jahan ShA. Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018; 67:23-35.
- Alsved M, Bourouiba L, Duchaine C, Löndahl J, Marr LC, Parker ST, et al. Natural sources and experimental generation of bioaerosols: Challenges and perspectives. Aerosol Science and Technology 2020; 54(5):547-71.
- Miranzadeh L, Gholami Borujeni F. Frequency of skin cancers in Kashan in 2009-2017. Journal of Dermatology and Cosmetic 2018; 9(1):28-34 (In Persian).
- Mousavi MS, Hadei M, Majlesi M, Hopke PK, Yarahmadi M, Emam B, et al. Investigating the effect of several factors on concentrations of bioaerosols in a well-ventilated hospital environment. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2019; 191:1-11. Doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7559-0.
- Sadigh A, Fataei E, Arzanloo M, Imani AA. Determination of the type and concentration of bacterial bioaerosols in Ardabil Universities (Indoors and Outdoors) in 2020. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences 2020; 19(4):501-509 (In Persian).
- Polednik B. Exposure of staff to aerosols and bioaerosols in a dental office. Building and Environment 2021; 187:107388. Doi: 10. 1016 /j. buildenv. 2020. 107388.
- Kashi G, Beyglu H. Investigation of bioaerosols in laboratories of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health 2020; 49(3):612-13.
- Kashi G, Bigloo H. Investigation of the bio-aerosols concentration from high schools indoor air in Islamshahr county in 2013-2014. Journal of Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention 2015; 3(1):57-66 (In Persian).
- Faridi S, Hassanvand MS, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Sowlat MH, et al. Indoor/outdoor relationships of bioaerosol concentrations in a retirement home and a school dormitory. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2015; 22:8190-200.
- Kashi G, Aliyan-Fini F, Nourieh N. Comparison of the effect of booklet, practical teaching, and integrated booklet and practice methods on primary students’ attitude, knowledge, and practice. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 2021; 12(2):672-80.
- Soleimani Z, Goudarzi G, Naddafi K, Sadeghinejad B, Latifi SM, Parhizgari N, et al. Determination of culturable indoor airborne fungi during normal and dust event days in Ahvaz, Iran. Aerobiologia 2013; 29:279-90.
- Gilkeson CA, Camargo Valero M, Pickin LE, Noakes CJ. Measurement of ventilation and airborne infection risk in large naturally ventilated hospital wards. Building and Environment 2013; 65:35-48.
- Sarmadi M, Yaghmaeian K, Nabizadeh R, Naddafi K, Saeedi R, Yousefzadeh S. Investigation of natural ventilation potential in different hospital wards affiliated to Tehran university of medical sciences in 2014. Iran Occupational Health 2017; 14(4):150-58 (In Persian).
- Abdi M, Azimi Pirsaraei SR, Mohammadizadeh MR. Evaluation of solar ultraviolet radiation in Zanjan city using the ultraviolet index. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2021; 14(1):67-82 (In Persian).
- Alsadat Majid F, Heidari S, Ghalenoei M, Ghasemi Sichani M. Seasonal difference of thermal comfort in new and old neighborhoods (Case study: Jolfa and Mardavij districts of Isfahan). Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture and Urban Planning 2019; 23(2):31-42 (In Persian).
- Rezaei S, Naddafi K, Jabbari H, Yonesian M, Jamshidi A, Sadat A, et al. Relationship between the particulate matter concentrations in the indoor and ambient air of the Tehran children hospital in 2007. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2013; 6(1):103-12 (In Persian).
- Dehghani M, Kamali Y, Shamsedini N, Ghanbarian M. A study of the relationship between indoor/outdoor particle concentration in Dena hospital in Shiraz. Journal of Health Research in Community 2015; 1(1):49-55 (In Persian).
- Ghanizadeh F, Godini H. A review of the chemical and biological pollutants in indoor air in hospitals and assessing their effects on the health of patients, staff and visitors. Reviews on Environmental Health 2018; 33(3):231-45.
- Chakrawarti MK, Singh M, Yadav VP, Mukhopadhyay K. Temporal dynamics of air bacterial communities in a university health centre using illumina miseq sequencing. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2020; 20(5):966-80.
- Amirimoghaddam M, Mirzaei N, Mostafaei G, Nazari-Alam A, Atoof F, Bahrami A, et al. Investigation of the fungal and bacterial contamination in indoor units and outdoor air of Kashan Beheshti hospital in 2018. Feyz Medical Sciences Journal 2020; 24(6):659-65 (In Persian).
- Kotgire S, Akhtar R, Damle A, Siddiqui S, Padekar H, Afreen U. Bioaerosol assessment of indoor air in hospital wards from a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Microbiology Research 2020; 7(1):28-34.
- El-Batrawy OA, Hasaballah AF. Bioaerosols as a bioidicator of indoor air quality in a dental clinic. Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences 2020; 10(1):64-73.
- Park DU, Yeom JK, Lee WJ, Lee KM. Assessment of the levels of airborne bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and fungi in hospital lobbies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2013; 10(2):541-55.
- Anees-Hill S, Douglas P, Pashley CH, Hansell A, Marczylo EL. A systematic review of outdoor airborne fungal spore seasonality across Europe and the implications for health. Science of the Total Environment 2022; 818:151716. Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151716.
- Onmek N, Kongcharoen J, Singtong A, Penjumrus A, Junnoo S. Environmental factors and ventilation affect concentrations of microorganisms in hospital wards of Southern Thailand. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020; 2020(1):7292198. Doi:10.1155/2020/7292198.
- Fonseca A, Abreu I, Guerreiro MJ, Barros N. Indoor air quality in healthcare units—a systematic literature review focusing recent research. Sustainability 2022; 14(2):967.
- Yan X, Qiu D, Zheng S, Yang J, Sun H, Wei Y, et al. Distribution characteristics and noncarcinogenic risk assessment of culturable airborne bacteria and fungi during winter in Xinxiang, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019; 26:36698-709.
- Cocârţă DM, Prodana M, Demetrescu I, Lungu PEM, Didilescu AC. Indoor air pollution with fine particles and implications for workers’ health in dental offices: A brief review. Sustainability 2021; 13(2):599.
- Bjelić LS, Ilić P, Farooqi ZUR. Indoor microbiological air pollution in the hospital. Quality of Life (Banja Luka)-Apeiron 2020; 18(1-2). Doi: 10.7251/QOL2001005S.
- Odonkor ST, Mahami T. Microbial air quality in neighborhoods near landfill sites: Implications for public health. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020; 2020(1):4609164. Doi: 10.1155/2020/4609164.
- Rafiee A, Pesarakloo V, Hoseini M, Shabani H, Faraji Hormozi S. Assessment of the density and type of the bio-aerosols associated with nosocomial infection in different wards of the selective AJA hospitals in Tehran. Ebnesina 2018; 9(4):45-52 (In Persian).
- Sepahvand A, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Allameh A, Razzaghi Abyaneh M. Diversity and distribution patterns of airborne microfungi in indoor and outdoor hospital environments in Khorramabad, Southwest Iran. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 2013; 6(2):186-92.
- Rostami N, Alidadi H, Zarrinfar H, Salehi P. Assessment of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi in an educational, research and treatment center. Italian Journal of Medicine 2017; 11(1):52-56.
- Shokri S, Nikpay A, Ghiasvand Z, Mohammadzadeh E. Investigating the air quality index in internal wards of Qazvin Bu-Ali Sina hospital (2015). The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 2016; 20(4):59-66 (In Persian).
- Tajik S. Estimating the risk of respiratory tract carcinogenesis caused by Particulate Matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in different areas of Tehran in the 90s. Journal of Health in the Field 2024; 11(4):1-9 (In Persian).
- Panji M, Shahsavani A, Mohseni Bandpey A, Rashidi Y, Hashemi Nazari SS, Kermani M, et al. Evaluation of the health effects of reducing PM2.5 in Tehran based on the breath life campaign; an AirQ+ modelling (2017–2026). Journal of Health in the Field 2023; 10(4):39-48 (In Persian).
- Arman F, Mohseni Bandpey A, Shahsavani A, Sadani M, Abtahi M. Investigation of PM2. 5 and PM10 concentrations in the air of Aradkooh waste management facility of Tehran and neighboring areas in 2020. Journal of Health in the Field 2021; 9(1):1-12 (In Persian).
- Lu R, Li Y, Li W, Xie Z, Fan C, Liu P, et al. Bacterial community structure in atmospheric particulate matters of different sizes during the haze days in Xi'an, China. Science of the Total Environment 2018; 637:244-52. Doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.006.
- Abstract Viewed: 174 times