بررسی عوامل موثر بر طول مدت شیردهی در مادران بر اساس تئوری رفتار برنامهریزی شده
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی بهداشت در عرصه,
دوره 13 شماره 1 (1404),
1 مهر 2025
,
صفحه 1-9
https://doi.org/10.22037/jhf.v13i1.48018
چکیده
زمینه و اهداف: اهمیت تغذیه با شیر مادر در رشد، تکامل و بقای شیرخوار و اثرات مفید آن در حفظ سلامت مادر، خانواده و اجتماع همواره مورد تاکید قرار گرفته است.
مواد و روشها: این مطالعه از نوع مقطعی با رویکرد توصیفی- تحلیلی میباشد که روی 200 نفر از مادران دارای کودکان 24 ماه مراجعهکننده به مراکز خدمات جامع سلامت در سال 1403 انجام شد. ابزار جمعآوری اطلاعات شامل پرسشنامه محقق ساخته که از دو بخش سوالات جمعیتشناختی و سازههای تئوری رفتار برنامهریزی شده بود. برای تحلیل دادهها از رگرسیون خطی ساده، همبستگی پیرسون و آزمون تی مستقل استفاده شد. رعایت ملاحظات اخلاقی در تمام مراحل اجرای مطالعه درنظر گرفته شد.
یافتهها: میانگین سن مادران 4/68 ±28/64 سال بود. سن شروع تغذیه کمکی 1/71 ±6/28 ماه بود. بین تحصیلات مادران (0/005=P)، شغل (0/012=P) و نوع شیر مصرفی (0/05=P) و نوع زایمان به روش سزارین و طبیعی (0/016=P) با طول مدت شیردهی نیز ارتباط آماری معنیداری وجود داشت. سازه خودکارآمدی (0/404=β) و نگرش (0/225=β) به ترتیب به عنوان قویترین پیشبینیکنندههای قصد مادران برای شیردهی مشخص شدند.
نتیجهگیری: در مطالعه حاضر تحصیلات، شغل، نوع زایمان و خودکارآمدی درک شده مادران از مهمترین پیشبینیکنندههای طول مدت شیردهی بودند. بنابراین ارائه آموزشهای لازم به مادران بهویژه مادرانی که آگاهی پایینی در خصوص فواید مصرف شیر مادر دارند و همچنین ترویج به زایمان طبیعی و در نهایت افزایش خودکارامدی آنها و همچنین ارائه حمایتهای لازم از آنها، متخصصان مراقبتهای بهداشتی و سیاستگذاران میتوانند به ترویج شیوههای گسترده شیردهی انحصاری با شیر مادر کمک کنند و به نوبه خود، سلامت و رفاه مادران و نوزادان را افزایش دهند.
- شیردهی
- تئوری رفتار برنامهریزی شده
- مرکز جامع خدمات سلامت روستایی
- مادران باردار
ارجاع به مقاله
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