ارزیابی خطر سرطانزایی و غیر سرطانزایی فلزات سنگین موجود در کاهو در منطقه دشت ورامین در سال 1401
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی بهداشت در عرصه,
دوره 12 شماره 1 (1403),
27 شهریور 2024
,
صفحه 1-10
https://doi.org/10.22037/jhf.v12i1.44129
چکیده
زمینه و اهداف: سبزیها یکی از مواد غذایی ضروری در زندگی و منبع اصلی عناصر مهم برای بدن انسان هستند، بنابراین افزایش غلظت فلزات سنگین در سبزیها میتواند صدمات زیادی به سلامت انسان وارد کند. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابیخطر بهداشتی فلزات سنگین موجود در کاهو در منطقه دشت ورامین در سال 1401 صورت گرفت.
مواد و روشها: مطالعه توصیفی حاضر جهت اندازهگیری غلظت فلزات سنگین بر روی 48 نمونه کاهو انجام گرفت. نمونههای کاهو از زمین کشاورزی و گلخانه با دو روش آبیاری با آب و پساب برداشت شد. غلظت فلزات سنگین با استفاده از دستگاه MP-AES سنجش شد. تمام مراحل این تحقیق با رعایت موازین اخلاقی و پژوهشی انجام شد.
یافتهها: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که میانگین غلظت آرسنیک، کادمیوم، کروم و سرب در برگ کاهو، در زمین کشاورزی آبیاری شده با پساب به ترتیب 0/51، 0/40، 0/09 و 0/46 میلیگرم در کيلوگرم، در برگ کاهو آبیاری شده با آب زیرزمینی به ترتیب 0/62، 0/46، 0/29 و 0/84 میلیگرم در کيلوگرم و در برگ کاهو گلخانهای آبیاری شده با آب زیرزمینی به ترتیب 0/53، 0/23، 0/20 و 0/70 میلیگرم در کيلوگرم بود. ارزیابی ریسک غیر سرطانزایی نشان داد که آرسنیک و کادمیوم در بزرگسالان و خردسالان خطر بالاتر از یک داشتند و خطر سرطانزایی این دو فلز بین 6-10 تا 4-10 و در محدوده قابل قبول بوده است.
نتیجهگیری: با توجه به خطر سرطانزایی و غیر سرطانزایی فلزات آرسنیک و کادمیوم برای بزرگسالان و خردسالان، اقدامات اصلاحی و پایش مداوم کاهو در منطقه دشت ورامین ضروری به نظر میرسد.
- فلزات سنگین، کاهو، پساب، ارزیابی ریسک بهداشتی
ارجاع به مقاله
مراجع
- Sayo S, Kiratu JM, Nyamato GS. Heavy metal concentrations in soil and vegetables irrigated with sewage effluent: A case study of Embu sewage treatment plant, Kenya. Scientific African 2020; 8:e00337. Doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00337.
- Dalzell H, Dalzell H, Biddlestone A, Gray K, Thurairajan K. Soil management: compost production and use in tropical and subtropical environments. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization; 1987.
- Arora M, Kiran B, Rani S, Rani A, Kaur B, Mittal N. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food Chemistry 2008; 111(4):811-15.
- Khan M, Majeed R, Fatima U, Khan M, Shaukat S. Occurrence, distribution and health effects of heavy metals in commercially available vegetables in Karachi. International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 2020; 17:319-28.
- Kharazi A, Leili M, Khazaei M, Alikhani MY, Shokoohi R. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soil and food crops in Hamadan, Iran. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2021; 100:103890. Doi: 10. 1016/ j. jfca. 2021.103890.
- Su H, Hu Y, Wang L, Yu H, Li B, Liu J. Source Apportionment and Geographic Distribution of Heavy Metals and as in Soils and Vegetables Using Kriging Interpolation and Positive Matrix Factorization Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022; 19(1):485. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010485.
- Eissa MA, Negim OE. Heavy metals uptake and translocation by lettuce and spinach grown on a metal-contaminated soil. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2018; 18(4):1097-107.
- Eslami A, Nemati R. Removal of Heavy metal from aqueous environments using Bioremediation technology –review. Journal of Health in the Field 2016; 3(2):43-5 (In Persian).
- Simon T, Eberhard A, Rohr R. Effect of Ni and As on radish tuber cultivated on artificially polluted soils. European Journal of Soil Biology 2000; 36:73-80.
- Yao J, Tu C, Yang X, Liu Y, Lu X, Cheng S, et al. Characteristics of Cd Contents in Vegetables Around an Abandoned Aluminum Factory and the Potential Health Risks. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2022; 31(4):3403-14.
- Hashemi SA, Zargham Inanlou M, Firouzan AH. Zinc absorption in two-year old Poplar seedlings (Populus deltoids) in the environment. Journal of Health in the Field 2016; 4(1):25-31 (In Persian)
- Ghanevati M, Roozbahani MM, Payandeh K. investigation of concentration of heavy metals in lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium in soil, parsley vegetables and downstream of Karun River. Journal of Innovation in Food Science & Technology 2021; 13(3):147-57.
- Uroko RI, Njoku OU. Ecological and human health risks assessment of heavy metals in vegetables grown in palm oil mill effluents irrigated farmland. Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater 2021; 8(2):140-49.
- Radwan MA, Salama AK. Market basket survey for some heavy metals in Egyptian fruits and vegetables. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2006; 44(8):1273-78.
- Seilsepour M. Study of heavy metal pollutant concentration in soil and edible leafy vegetables and risk assessment of its consumption with hazard quotient index. Horticultural Plants Nutrition 2020; 3(2):145-58 (In Persian).
- Abtahi M, Dobaradaran S, Koolivand A, Jorfi S, Saeedi R. Assessment of cause-specific mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) induced by exposure to inorganic arsenic through drinking water and foodstuffs in Iran. Science of The Total Environment 2023; 856:159118. Doi: 10. 1016/ j. scitotenv.2022.159118.
- Seilsepour M. Study of concentrations of nitrates and heavy metals in the soil and lettuce and risk assessment of its consumption. Journal of Crops Improvement 2022; 24(3):977-93 (In Persian).
- Ahmadi A. Investigation of groundwater quality changes in Varamin Plain of Tehran. Water and Soil Management and Modelling 2021; 2(1):14-26 (In Persian).
- Azizi HR, Nejatian N. Computation of groundwater balance in Varamin Plain. Journal of Geography and Human Relations 2021; 3(3):189-204 (In Persian).
- Malikula R, Kaonga C, Mapoma H, Thulu F, Chiipa P. Heavy metals and nutrients loads in water, soil, and crops irrigated with effluent from WWTPs in Blantyre City, Malawi. Water 2022; 14:121. Doi: 10.3390/w14010121.
- Hu B, Jia X, Hu J, Xu D, Xia F, Li Y. Assessment of heavy metal pollution and health risks in the soil-plant-human system in the Yangtze River Delta, China. nternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017; 14(9):1042. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph14091042.
- Shahriyari J, Rezaei MR, Kamani H. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking tap water in Zabol City, Iran. Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences 2020; 8(3):59-75 (In Persian).
- Souri MK, Alipanahi N, Hatamian M, Ahmadi M, Tesfamariam T. Elemental profile of heavy metals in garden cress, coriander, lettuce and spinach, commonly cultivated in Kahrizak, South of Tehran-Iran. Open Agriculture 2018; 3(1):32-37.
- Rouniasi N, Mosaed HP. Investigating the amount of heavy metals in different parts of some consumable vegetables in Karaj City. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment 2016; 9(2):171-84 (In Persian).
- Sobhan Ardakani S, Jafari SM. Levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) in two types of lettuce marketed in city of Hamedan. Journal of Sustainability, Development and Environment. 2022; 3(4):1-20 (In Persian).
- Arfaeinia H, Ranjbar Vakil Abadi D, Seifi M, Asadgol Z, Hashemi SE. Study of concentrations and risk assessment of heavy metals resulting from the consumption of agriculture product in different farms of Dayyer City, Bushehr. Iranian South Medical Journal 2016; 19(5):839-54 (In Persian).
- Chen Y, Hu W, Huang B, Weindorf DC, Rajan N, Liu X, et al. Accumulation and health risk of heavy metals in vegetables from harmless and organic vegetable production systems of China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2013; 98:324-30.
- Shekoohiyan S, Karimian S, Moussavi G. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in vegetables cultivated around Tehran Landfill area. Journal of Preventive Medicine 2021; 8(3):48-59 (In Persian).
- Miri M, Mosavi Bideli SM, Mokhtari M, Ebrahimi Aval H. Survey of heavy metals amounts in distributed vegetables in Yazd city. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences 2016; 23(3):392-97 (In Persian).
- Khezerlou A, Dehghan P, Moosavy M-H, Kochakkhani H. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and the probabilistic risk via salad vegetable consumption in Tabriz, Iran. Biological Trace Element Research 2021; 199(7):2779-87.
- Mohajer R, Salehi MH, Mohammadi J. Lead and cadmium concentration in agricultural crops (lettuce, cabbage, beetroot, and onion) of Isfahan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. 2014; 7(1):1-10 (In Persian).
- Hu W, Chen Y, Huang B, Niedermann S. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and vegetables from a typical greenhouse vegetable production system in China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2014; 20(5):1264-80.
- Akan J, Kolo B, Yikala B, Ogugbuaja V. Determination of some heavy metals in vegetable samples from Biu local government area, Borno State, North Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis 2013; 1(2):40-46.
- Meng W, Wang Z, Hu B, Wang Z, Li H, Goodman RC. Heavy metals in soil and plants after long-term sewage irrigation at Tianjin China: A case study assessment. Agricultural water management 2016; 171:153-61.
- Ruchuwararak P, Intamat S, Tengjaroenkul B, Neeratanaphan L. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in local edible plants near a municipal landfill and the related human health risk assessment. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 2019; 25(7): 1760-72.
- Sharafi K, Mansouri B, Omer AK, Bashardoust P, Ebrahimzadeh G, Sharifi S, et al. Investigation of health risk assessment and the effect of various irrigation water on the accumulation of toxic metals in the most widely consumed vegetables in Iran. Scientific Reports 2022; 12(1):20806. Doi: 10. 1038/s41598-022-25101-9.
- Rezayani N, Mirmohammadi M, Mehrdadi N. Origin and risk assessment, and evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the soil of Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2022; 41(9):3100-26.
- چکیده مشاهده شده: 291 بار