Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention)

Background and Objective: The lower extremity deformities have been considered to change body alignment. Functional Movement Screen (FMS) which plays an important role in predicting sports injuries could be affected by these changes in the alignment and positioning of the body segments. The aim of this study was to compare functional movement screen scores in teenage male soccer players with and without genu valgum and genu varum deformities.

Materials and Methods: For this study, 60 teenage male soccer players with the mean age of 15.39 ± 0.57 years, height 167.14 ± 7.33 cm and weight 55.5 ± 8.59 kg and without any injuries, purposefully as a sample Statistically, they were selected and divided into three groups: genu valgum (20 patients), genu varum and without deformities (20 patients). The caliper was used to evaluate the deformities of the genu valgum and genu varum. FMS was evaluated by a set of tests including (Deep Squat, Hurdle Step, In-line Lunge, Shoulder Mobility, Active Straight Leg Raise, Trunk Stability Push-Up, and Rotary Stability). ANOVA test and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data at the significance level of P <0.05.

Results: A significant difference was observed in the comparison of FMS scores between the groups with genu valgum (13.50 ± 1.98), genu varum (14.15 ± 2.51), and without deformity (15.60 ± 2.08). (P= 0/013). Also, there was a significant difference in the FMS score between individuals with and without genu valgum deformity (P = 0.011). There was no significant difference in the FMS score between subjects with and without genu varum and between subjects with genu varum and genu valgum (P <0.05).

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that soccer players with genu valgum deformity had a lower performance in the FMS compared to soccer players with genu varum deformity and without deformity.

How to cite this article: Soltandoost-Nari SM, Shamsoddini A. Comparison of Functional Movement Screen Scores in Teenage Male Soccer Players with and without Genu Valgum and Genu Varum Deformities. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):130-8.

Background and Objectives: Landing has been shown to be one of the most important mechanisms of non-contact ACL injures. The relationship between hip abductor and external rotator muscle strength and landing mechanics has been well documented in the literature. But, a few studies have been investigated the effect of hip strengthening on landing mechanics. So, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of isolated hip abductor and external rotator muscle strengthening on concentric and eccentric strength and jump-landing mechanics using landing error scoring system.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-two males with knee valgus angle more than 8 degrees were randomized into a training (n=16) or control group (n=16). The training group carried out 8 weeks of bilateral hip abductor and external rotator strengthening 3 times per week. Pre and post-test hip strength were measured with an isokinetic dynamometer (Kin-Com) and landing mechanics were assessed by Landing Error Scoring System. Data were analyzed via SPSS software applying paired sample t-test and ANCOVA at a significant level P< 0.05.

Results: Between-group analysis revealed that there were significant group effects for hip strength and landing error score. Subjects in the training group demonstrated significantly greater concentric and eccentric hip abductor (P<0.001, P=0.004) and external rotator peak torques (P=0.01, P<0.001), also they showed a significant decrease in landing error score (P=0.004) respectively, whereas no within-group change was noted in the control group.

Conclusion: An eight-week hip abductor and external rotator strengthening program was effective in improvement concentric and eccentric hip abductor and external rotator strength and landing mechanics. This kind of exercise might decrease less score by improved pelvis position and reduced knee valgus and trunk compensatory movement.

How to cite this article: Safari Bak M, Khayam Bashi KH, Esmaeili H, Lenjannejadian SH. The Effects of Isolated Hip Abductor and External Rotator Muscle Strengthening on Concentric and Eccentric Strength and Jump-Landing Mechanics using Landing Error Scoring System. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):139-48.

Background and objectives: Risky driving behaviors are the most effective factors in traffic accidents and have even been reported as the most common cause in many cases of traffic accidents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to predict risky driving behavior through cognitive flexibility and personality traits.

Materials and Methods: The research method was correlational. The research population consists of all male bus drivers of intercity terminals of Tehran. From this population, 210 subjects were selected by multistage random cluster sampling and answered to driving behavior Manchester questionnaire (MDBQ), NEO personality inventory (NEO-FFI) cognitive flexibility Inventory (CFI). Data were analyzed through the Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis.

Results: The result showed that there was a positive correlation between neuroticism personality trait and risky driving behavior (P< 0.05). There was a negative correlation between extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness personality traits, cognitive flexibility, and risky driving behavior (P<0.05). Personality traits and cognitive flexibility could predict cognitive flexibility (P< 0/05).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between personality traits, cognitive flexibility, and high-risk driving behavior. Therefore, measuring the cognitive flexibility and personality traits of drivers is important to prevent their high-risk driving behavior.

How to cite this article: Rezaeei N, Ghamari M, Bazazian S, Babakhani V. The Role of Personality Traits and Cognitive Flexibility in the Prediction of Risky Driving Behavior. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):149-57.

Background and Objectives: Drought, as a natural hazard, affects the human and economic resources of communities. Negative consequences of droughts, especially economic ones, has the most effects on rural societies. Thus, some rural families have chosen migration as an important adaptive strategy for coping with the negative effects of droughts. The present study aimed to analyze the droughts concerning to social aspects of joblessness and migration in rural communities of Iran in the years of 2011 and 2016.

Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two stages of establishing a database and spatial analysis. Drought data were gathered from the databases of Iran‘s Meteorological Organization as well as the National Research Center of Droughts and socio-economic data were collected from Iran’s Statistical Center and Ministry of Cooperative’s Labour and Social Welfare databases. A database was made in EXCELL software and based on provincial divisions and the categories of droughts, migration, employment, and agriculture in rural regions in 2011 and 2016 using Aeronautical Reconnaissance Coverage Geographic Information System (ArcGIS) software.

Results: The rural populations of Iran decreased by 2.67% in both 2011 and 2016. The total amount of droughts decreased in 2016 comparing 2011 (-19.21%); however, the agricultural activities were decreased by 2.1% in 2016 rather than in 2011. The jobless people of rural regions increased by 2.97% in 2016 comparing 2011. The migration into cities was increased in 2016 (+3.77%) showing an increase in migration from villages to cities.

Conclusion: The continuous droughts in a rural area can result in destroying agriculture activities and joblessness in the rural parts of the country. The joblessness of the rural population can lead to wide migration into cities and result in various socio-economic, health, environmental, and political effects on urban and rural regions. Allocation of enough budgets for adaptive planning and policy-making can assist the decrease of drought consequences in rural regions in Iran.

How to cite this article: Sohrabizadeh S, Bahramzadeh A. The Analysis of Drought and Migration in Rural Communities in Iran in 2011 and 2016. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):184-90.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, oil and gas resources play a vital role in supplying energy and raw materials so that any disruption in the operation of refineries leads to compensatory damages. Therefore, the continuous, safe, and accurate operation of refineries is essential. The presence of impurities in oil and gas has a negative effect on equipment and reduces the quality of the final product. Hence, a hot stripping unit was used for the separation of Hydrogen sulfide gas from crude oil. And identifies deviations in this desalination unit that will cause harm to humans, equipment, and the environment.

Methods and Materials: To prevent human, economic, and environmental damages, we need a systematic approach to study hazards and risk analysis. The Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) techniques were applied to identify hazards in the sweetening of the crude oil project. Initially, the HAZOP team divided the sweetening unit into 11 nodes and evaluated 94 deviations in these nodes. The faults  and their causes, consequences, and safeguards were traced and reported.

Results: Based on operational deviations, risk factors, consequences, and barriers were reviewed and weaknesses in protection layers were identified. Outcomes of risk and operational management sessions, deviations, causes, consequences, safeguards, and possible solutions are identified. The most vital faults were traced in the desalination unit, overfilling of the tank surface, high pressure and incorrect function of the flare, which occurred in nodes 6, 7, and 9, respectively, for various reasons.

Conclusion: After summarizing the findings, for preventing the occurrence of consequences and accidents, recommendations were presented in the form of a general suggestion. The results of this study could create a safer surroundings with higher reliability and environmental-friendly product.

How to cite this article: Sarkheil H, Dehdari F, Azimi Y, Talaeian Araghi M. Identification of Process Hazards in the Hot Stripping Tower of Common Crude Oil Sweetening Projects Using HAZOP Study. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):172- 83.

Background and Objectives: Our world is affected every day by events that could turn into crises. Hospitals and health center staff are directly affected by these crises. Since nurses provide the most health services in hospitals in case of accidents and disasters, this study was conducted to determine the self-efficacy of nurses in dealing with emergencies in the Masih Daneshvari Hospital.

Methods and Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. The standard questionnaire was collected based on Bandura’s social cognitive model to assess the self-efficacy of nurses in the face of unexpected events. The questionnaire had 46 questions with a Likert scale of 1 to 5 (not at all, little, somewhat, good, and quite good). Which was divided into 6 areas of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, crisis communication skills, management and distribution of resources and manpower, management of the injured, and corpses, clinical care skills in crisis and general skills? The validity and reliability of the questionnaire have already been done. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by the content validity method and its coefficient was 92% and the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by retest method in a group of ten nurses and Cronbach's alpha (internal correlation coefficient) was equal to 82%. Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 software.

Result: Of the 252 participants in the study, 70% were women. Most age groups were 20 to 29 years old. 25.6% of people had a history of accidents, and 56.4% had previous training in disasters. The highest score obtained from nurses' self-efficacy in general skills was 68.5%, and the lowest score related to clinical care skills in crisis was 54.4%.

Conclusion: Since raising the awareness of nurses in health centers is very important for managing accidents and disasters that occur unexpectedly, it seems necessary to expand the knowledge and practice of this group. Dealing better with the possible future accidents requires for the nurses to be empowered. This study could identify the topics for empowering nurses in emergencies.

How to cite this article:

Tajbakhsh M, Emami H, Varahram M, Bahrambigi F, Ghazanchaei E. Self-Efficacy of the Nurses in Encountering Disasters in the Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, 2019. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):191 -8. 

Background and objectives: In the processing industry, deaths and severe damages to the equipment due to certain incidents were reported in recent years. And, the industrial sectors are interested in an effective means to prevent or reduce the severity of these accidents in an integrated and planned manner. The aim of this study is a risk-based inspection technique and the consequent benefits of its implementation in the process industries.

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, keywords related to research title, including risk-based
inspection, risk management, probability of failure, a consequence of failure, risk analysis, process management, risk-based maintenance, corrosion management, process safety, and Asset Integrity management was selected and then searched on the internal and external databases of Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Google Search, Magiran, Civilica and Scopus without any time limit. Then the findings and results of confirmed research were extracted and analyzed. Finally, conclusions about the benefits of this method in improving the process management system were reviewed. Then the findings and results of confirmed research were extracted and analyzed. Finally, the conclusion about the effect of the advantages of this method in improving the process management system was examined.

Result: A review of various studies showed that the benefits of using RBI were summarized into 11 ategories, including business (economic), effective operations, risk management, effective inspection management, asset and corrosion integrated management, experts of competency and knowledge, health, safety, environment (HSE), compliance with risk and safety standards, process safety, social expectations, legal, and judicial requirements.

Conclusion: The results showed that the use of RBI in the process industry provides many benefits. Therefore, the establishment and implementation of risk-based inspection in these industries can increase the functionality of equipment and improve the process management system.

 How to cite this article: Moradi B. Risk-Based Inspection Technique and the Benefits of its Implementation in Improving the Process Management System of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: A Review Study. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2020; 8(3):157-71.