Tārīkh-i pizishkī i.e., Medical History

Background and Aim: To investigate the Relationship between Four temperament whit Neuroticism whit the preference Mediation of traditional Iranian music in people ranging 30-45 Years of old.

Materials and Method: The method of descriptive - correlation was used where 114 persons have been used in the "available sampling method" including individuals between 30 and 45 years of age in both sexes and good physical health without considering any other factors such as education, economic conditions geographical location etc.

We applied the "Four Temperamental questionnaire" and "NEO" as well as listening to the different traditional Iranian musical devices such as Chahargah, Nava and Mahoor. The data was analyzed according to the smart pls) Partial Least Square-PLS) and SPSS 25 software models.

Results: The persons with temperament "warm and wet" showed the lowest relation with the neuroticism and the highest interest for Nava as musical style. It was found no significant correlations between the temperaments "warm and dry" and "cold and wet" in these data but they showed special interest for respectively Chahargah and Mahoor musical styles. While the persons with the temperament "cold and dry" showed the maximum relation with neuroticism.

Conclusion: It could be predictable that people with interest in one special style of the traditional Iranian music have certain temperament and vice versa. It is also possible that the temperament "cold and dry" is closer to the neuroticism than the other temperaments.

Please cite this article as: Aslani M, Karimi B. The Relationship between Four Temperament whit Neuroticism whit the Preference Mediation of Traditional Iranian Music in People ranging 30-45 Years Old: Providing Model. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 7-23.

Background and Aim: This has considered the discourse of Iranian medical process from the traditional to the modern situation since the constitutional period until the end of the first Pahlavi era. The purpose of this study is to examine the evolution of traditional medical science into modern one and its shortages due to the disintegration of these two discourses, on the other hand this study shows the importance of preserving the health of societies throughout their history. This study focuses on the general health status of Iranians in the constitutional and Pahlavi era. This phenomenon in the social history of Iran, especially in the field of community medicine, was not favorable according to this research. But gradually, with the paying attention of the governments, especially during the First Pahlavi era, the trend of medical science and community health towards modern discourse occurred.

Materials and Method: Explanationn of the steps of the transformation of traditional medical discourse to the modern one is the main aim of this study. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical relying on the library resources, archival documents also medical press in this part of the history of Iran.

Ethical Considerations: In referring to texts and research, honesty and trustworthiness also citing to the sources and publications have been respected.

Findings: The importance of this research is to examin the historical transition in medical science and its results in Iran. In fact, the severity of the diseases, especially the infectious diseases, was so widespread throughout the country that it made the rulers and intellectuals more awareness. Regarding this issue although laws were enacted during the constitutional period, but they did not exuted at all.

Conclusion: With the begining of the first Pahlavi era, there was an increasing trend in health and major developments in medical science occured. But as a result of this evolution, the inconsistency between the two traditional and modern discourses actually it resulted in the elimination of one and the boom of the other. The discourse of modern medical science reached its climax, relying on the locus of disease and the body, but abandon the traditional medicine had many unexeptable consequence in the later periods.

Please cite this article as: Javanmardi F, Abadian H, Fallah Tootkar F, Rahimi AR. The Transformation of Medical and Health Discourse in Iran from the Constitutional to the End of the First Pahlavi. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 25-41.

Background and Aim: The role and position of physicians Historian or medical historian is one of the most important components in the scientific and civilization development of Islamic Spain which can be further explored. In the process of the development of Islamic civilization, different classes including literary, physicians, sages, historians and others have played a role. There is little information available on Andalusian physicians, but there is little information on physicians who have been historians in addition to medical practice. The purpose of this study is to introduce and explain the function of the historian's lecturer, to determine their impact on the scientific development and cultural advancement of Andalusian civilization in the Islamic era.

Materials and Methods: This study is based on a literature review method, referring to written sources and library data. After gathering and studying reliable sources, the contents are adjusted based on their importance and validity.

Findings: The results of this study indicate that chiropractors, by recording credible and accurate reports of Andalusian cultural developments, have a special role in the process of simultaneous development of knowledge of medicine and history and the feasibility of comparing interdisciplinary studies.

Conclusion: Most Muslim practitioners in Islamic-dominated Spain, while practicing medicine, have been instrumental in writing history and have recorded and recorded more scientific and cultural developments in Andalusian civilization than other historians. The scholarly prestige and wisdom of these practitioners have distinguished them from their historical writing and made it well-represented in the texts of this historian's monastery and its flourishing cultural landscape.

Please cite this article as: Vaziry SA, Ashrafi A, Salim MN. The Role of Historian Physicians in the Development of the Islamic and Spanish Civilization. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 43-51.

The teachings of traditional medicine have had an effective role in the way of life and the organization of a residential environment for health in the ongoing communication of people with physicians. This research is intended to examine the role of the theory of temperament on human health and how it affects the traditional architecture of Iran. In the Information, Interpretation, Historical-reasoning is inundated in ancient medical texts and is in the field of qualitative information analysis. The medical method recognizes the characteristics of the climate and provides the basics of the climate design of healthy residential environments as part of the duties of the physicians. The traditional Iranian residential architecture is the companion of temperament theory in traditional medicine, which is in harmony with the nature of the body and thus the universe. And the purpose of this behavioral and structural adaptation is to create an environment that is commensurate with human nature in order to maintain the temperamental temperament and sustainable health of the physical and mental. Doctors' teachings and measures to maintain health balance and treat within the framework of "essential" and "therapeutic against" as a way of life consistent with changes in nature and climate. Living place in the dominant "behavior patterns" (change in food, clothing, Sleep, activity to change in the place of life) and "structural patterns" (housing options) on a macro-to-micro scale affect the way of collective life and popular beliefs of the people and turn them into a behavioral base and their time passes into the tradition of the formation of the environment Residential structures have been constructed. For the proper structural pattern derived from the doctors' doctrine, the availability of accessible and healthy spaces for provides the residents, along with those of behavioral patterns to achieve thermal equilibrium used.

Please cite this article as: Taghizade K, Mollazade Yazdani M. The Role of the Temperament on the Traditional Iranian Health-Based Architecture. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 53-64.

Background and Aim: Inflammation occurs due to systematic effort of body for self-protection and the aim is to eliminate the damaging agents and to launch the healing process. When a damaging factor stimulates the body, an attempt is made by the body to preclude the agent and this would cause the inflammation. Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs could cause serious complications like digestive disorders and even stomach ulcers. The side effects of chemical drugs have directed more attentions to the herbal medicines, in that these types of drugs not only have less side effects but are able to could mitigate the excessive effects of chemical ones and reinforce their therapeutic effects.

Materials and Methods: In the present paper, regarding the irrefutable evidences of traditional medicine was anti-inflammatory properties of nettle especially prostatic inflammation; the extracted alcoholic of the plant was evaluated fors its anti-inflammatory property at various concentrations using the inhibition test of denaturation of the bovine serum protein at 51°C. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS Software, version 19 through variance analyzing method. P<0.05 was considered as the significant difference.

Ethical Considerations: Integrity and trustworthiness were observed in analyzing and Reporting and publishing the results.

Findings: According to the results abstained from the alcoholic extract of nettle, this plant possesses anti-inflammatory properties, the range of which according to the inhibition test of denaturation of bovine serum protein at 1000 and 100 microgram/millimeter of concentration is the minimum and maximum, respectively.

Conclusion: The results were consistent with traditional medicine and further assessment we could benefit from the alcoholic extract of the said plant as an anti-inflammatory drug.

Please cite this article as: Khosroyar S, Haghparast Cheshmeh Ali M. Evaluating the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Nettle in Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 65-72.

Background and Aim: Diseases have been a major concern in human history and in human societies throughout history. On this basis, people always resort to scientific and sometimes inefficient methods to relieve their illness and to relieve pain and heal the suffering. Based on the importance of one of the most important diseases, such as fever, which during thousands of years in Iran and non-Iran was one of the major diseases and was among the most endemic diseases, which sometimes caused death.

Materials and Methods: The present study seeks to investigate the effect of one of the most important imported and non-indigenous drugs in the treatment of this disease, and by describing the history and nature of the drug, known as "Quinine", the prevalence and methods of using its understanding during the Qajar period.

Findings: Hence, by studying the historical Qajar books and domestic and foreign travel logbooks, with a descriptive-analytical approach the results are as follows; although the Iranians used certain drugs to relieve a variety of fever; However, with the introduction of Quinine at the end of the 12th century and its efficacy in fixing chronic fever (ague), the drug was particularly welcomed by the people And used by Iranian and foreign physicians and general population in the form of rubbing, edible and injectable.

Please cite this article as: Kavyani Pooya H, Chahian Boroujeni AA. The Application of Therapeutic Quinine in Iran History. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 73-87.

Background and Aim: The medical profession has attracted the attention of the legislator because of its particular importance and enacted various criminal provisions since first penal code. The aim of this study is to analyze the legal changes of regulations about the responsibility of the physician.

Materials and Methods: In this analytical study, relevant and published articles were purposely searched and retrieved.

Ethical Consideration: Honesty was observed in the reporting, analysis, and references to the texts.

Findings: The criminal provisions of Iranian Penal Code consist of five major issues related to the physician and medical staff: medical practice as a justification of responsibility, Responsibility of Physician, refuse to help victim and patients, to commit or accessory in abortion, issuance of false certificate, and disclosure of medical secrets of patients.

Conclusion: the main provisions relating to the physician’s criminal liability have not changed much in Iran’s penal code and almost the same sentences are repeated in the form of similar statements. However, the islamization of the Penal Code after the revolution led to enter of new concepts such as Zaman and blood money (Dia) in the realm of physician responsibility.

Please cite this article as: Ehsanpour SR, Ahadi F. Legal Developments of the Responsibility of the Physician in Iranian Criminal Law. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 105-115

Background and Aim: The nursing group is one of the major groups in the health and treatment team whose services are very determinative and influential. The profession of nursing is not new, but rooted in the past centuries. We want to go back to the beginning and review the history of nursing in Iran and use historical facts to teach us about the advancement of contemporary nursing.

Materials and Methods: This is a Narrative review article that using books and articles published in the field of nursing history in Iran by searching scientific databases. To investigate the evolution in nursing, the Bryant-Lukosius Framework has been used as a framework for reviewing texts in health systems. This framework includes three stages of introduction, implementation and sustainability. In this study, each historical period was first introduced, then major historical items were explained in each course. Finally, the effects of this course on recent issues of Iranian nursing have been discussed.

Findings: According to the requirements, Nursing has had many ups and downs in Iran. Experimental nursing in Iran became a nursing academy with the effect of nursing education from the United States and England. With the onset of Islamic revolution and war and increasing need, philosophy and nursing education models were changed. With the end of the war and the establishment of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Nursing Organization and Nursing Board were founded the areas for nursing professionalism in Iran. But there are still major issues in Iranian nursing.

Conclusion: Given the issues that are currently in nursing, we must use past experiences to improve nursing quality and nurse professionalism in Iran.

Please cite this article as: ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 89-104.

Please cite this article as: ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 89-104.

Please cite this article as: ValizadehL, Zamanzadeh V, Ghavi A. The Evolutionary Process of Nursing in Iran: Narrative Review. Med Hist J 2018; 10(36): 89-104.