نقش مزاجشناسی بر معماری سلامتمحور سنتی ایران
مجله تاریخ پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 10 شماره 36 (1397),
27 آذر 2019
,
صفحه 53-64
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v10i36.18051
چکیده
تعالیم طب سنتی، در ارتباط مستمر مردم با پزشکان، نقش مؤثری در روش زندگی و سازماندهی محیط مسکونی برای سلامتی داشته است. این تحقیق قصد دارد به واکاوی نقش نظریه مزاج برسلامت انسان و چگونگی اثرگذاری آن بر معماری مسکونی سنتی ایران بپردازد. در بخش گردآوری اطلاعات، تفسیری ـ تاریخی ـ استدلالی با کنکاش در متون طبی کهن است و در بخش تحلیل اطلاعات کیفی است. متون طبی شناخت ویژگیهای اقلیمی و ارائه مبانی طراحی اقلیمی محیطهای مسکونی سالم را بخشی از وظایف طبیبان میداند. معماری مسکونی سنتی ایران همسو با نظریه مزاج در طب سنتی و منطبق با طبیعت بدن و در نتیجه عالم هستند و هدف از این انطباق رفتاری و ساختاری ایجاد محیطی متناسب با طبیعت انسان برای حفظ اعتدال مزاج و سلامتی پایدار جسم و روان است. تعالیم و تدابیر پزشکان به منظور حفظ سلامت، تعادل مزاج و درمان در چارچوب «سته ضروریه» و «درمان به ضد» به صورت روش زندگی همساز با تغییرات طبیعت و مزاج اقلیم مکان زندگی در غالب «الگوهای رفتاری» (تغییر در خوراک، پوشاک، خواب، فعالیت تا تغییر درمکان زندگی) و«الگوهای ساختاری» (اختیار و تدبیر مسکن) در مقیاس کلان تا خرد بر روش زندگی جمعی و عقاید رایج مردم و تبدیل آنها به قرارگاه رفتاری تأثیرگذار بوده و گذر زمان آنها را به سنت شکلگیری محیطهای مسکونی مبدل ساخته است. در واقع الگوی درست ساختاری برگرفته از تعالیم پزشکان، قابلیت دسترسی به فضاهای آسایشی و سالم را برای ساکنان فراهم مینموده، در کنار آن افراد از الگوهای رفتاری برای نیل به تعادل حرارتی استفاده میکردند.
- طب سنتی؛ نظریه مزاج؛ سته ضروریه؛ شیوه زندگی؛ الگوی رفتاری و ساختاری؛ معماری سنتی
ارجاع به مقاله
مراجع
Heydari SH. Thermal Consistency in Architecture. Tehran: Tehran University Press; 1393. [Persian]
Abdollahzade M. Nature Architecture: Explaining the Approach to the Human and Artificial Environment Based on the Fourth. Iranian Architecture Studies J 1394; 1(8): 137-156.
Ibn Sins H. Daneshname Tabieyat Alai. Hamedan: Bo Ali Sina University; 1383. [Persian]
Ibn Sins H. Altabieiyat Alshafa. Qom: Maktabe Ayatollah Marashi; 1404. [Arabic]
Farshad M. Tabieiyat. Translated by Arasto. Tehran: Amir Kabir Press; 1363. [Persian]
Herman PM, Craig BM, Caspi O. Is complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) cost-effective? A ystematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 2005; 5(11): 1-15. [PubMed]
Naseri M. An overview of the generalities of traditional medicine in Iran. Tehran: City Press; 1388. [Persian]
Minae MB, Soltani S, Besharat M, Karimi F, Nazem E. Temperament determination for melatonin: A bridge from Iranian traditional to modern sleep medicine. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 2013; 10(2): 340-342. [PubMed]
Nazem E. Kholasatolhekma. Translated by Aghili Alavi M. Qom: Ismaielian; 1385. [Persian]
Nazem E. GHanonche Mofareholgholob. Translated by Arzani Dehlavi M. Tehran: Almai Press; 1391. [Persian]
Parsapor Z. Kefayato al-Teb. Translated by Alteflisi H. Tehran: Research Institute of Humanities Cultural Studies; 1390. [Persian]
Nasr H. The view of Islamic thinkers about nature. Tehran: Kharazmi; 1377. [Persian]
Nimrouzi M, Zare M. Principles of nutrition in Islamic and traditional Persian medicine. Journal of Evidence Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2014; 19(4): 267-270. [PubMed]
Ebne Rabin Tabard AS. Ferdosolhema fi al-Teb. Berlin: Matbae Aftab; 1928. [Arabic]
Forghani B. Medical History of Iran and the lands of the Eastern Caliphate. Translated by Elgod C. Tehran: Amir Kabir; 1356. [Persian]
Taheri J. Bath in the Islamic literature on medicine: Theory and practice. Islamic Architecture Research 1395; 4(1): 43-63. [Persian]
Edriss H, Rosales BN, Nugent C, Conrad C, Nugent K. Islamic Medicine in the Middle Ages. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 2017; 3(354): 223-229. [PubMed]
Badrei F. The Beginning of Science in the West: An Almighty European Tradition in the Philosophical, Religious and Its Facilities. Translated by Leidenburg D. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Company; 1377. [Persian]
Pormann E. Savage-Smith, Medieval Islamic Medicine. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 2007.
Sharaf Kandi A. Canon of medicine. Translated by Ibn Sins H. Tehran: Surosh; 1389. [Persian]
Khajavi M. Asrarolayat. Translated by Molasadra S. Tehran: Iranian Society of Wisdom and Philosophy of Ira; 1360. [Persian]
Nazem E. Mofarrahol gholob. Translated by Shah Arzani Dehlavi M. Tehran: Almai; 2012. [Persian]
Taftazi S. Sharhehale maghased. Qom: Al-Sharif Razi; 1409. [Arabic]
Choopani R, Emtiazy M. The concept of lifestyle factors, based on the teaching of avicenna (ibn sina). International Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015; 6(1): 30-35. [PubMed]
Pasalar M, Nimrouzi M, Choopani R, Mosaddegh M, Kamalinejad M, Mohagheghzadeh A, et al. Functional dyspepsia: A new approach from traditional Persian medicine. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2016; 6(2): 165-174. [PubMed]
Ghazvini AK. Hefzolssehe. Translated by Ibn Sinai HA. Tehran: Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 1387. [Persian]
Naseri M, Rezaizade H, Taheripanah T, Naseri V. Theory of temperament in traditional medicine of Iran and variation of therapeutic response based on pharmacologic. Traditional Medicine of Islam and Iran J 1389; 1(3): 237-242. [Persian]
Noghrekar AH, Hamzanejad M, Dehghani M. Investigating the Impact of Natural Environment on Behavior and Wisdom from the Point of View of Islamic thinkers and its Results in Designing the Artifical Environment. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development J 1389; 3(5): 79-96. [Persian]
Zaker ME. Almorshedolfusol. Translated by Razi MZ. Tehran: TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences & Health Services; 1384. [Persian]
Khaledghafari SM. Kamelosanae tabiye. Translated by Majosi Ahvazi AA. Tehran: Islamic Studies Institute of Tehran University; 1388. [Persian]
Martini J. Hedayatol motealeminfi tab. Translated by Ahkaveyni RA. Mashhad: Ferdowsi University; 1344. [Persian]
Avicenna H. Canon of medicine. Beirut: Dar al-Ketab al-Elmiye; 1999. [Arabic]
Alinaghi H. Zakhire Kharazmshahi. Translated by Jorjani IH. Tehran: Safir Ardehal; 1393. [Persian]
Ashtiyani S, Zarei A, Elahipour M. Innovations and discoveries of Jorjani in medicine. Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 2009; 2(16): 2-5. [PubMed]
Hatami H, Hatami M, Hatami N. The religious and social principles of patients’ rights in holy books (Avesta, Torah, Bible and Quran) and in traditional medicine. Religion and Health 2013; 52(1): 223-234. [PubMed]
Khan MA, Raza F, Khan IA. Ibn Sina and the Roots of the Seven Doctrines of Preservation of Health. Actamedico-Historicaadriatica 2015; 13(2): 87-102. [Pubmed]
Soltani SS, Minaii B, Besharat M. Sleep and Wakefulness Correction in Different Seasons from Avicenna's Perspective. Iranian Red Crescent Medical J 2013; 15(3): 276-277. [PubMed]
Sabetebneghre. Al-Zakhirato fi elmeteb. Cairo: Al-Juma al-Masriya, al-Mutla al-Amiriyah al-Qa'rah; 1928. [Arabic]
Raze MZ. Mental Health Clinical Medicine. Tehran: Parliaments and Coaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran; 1375. [Persian]
Uosofi GH. Taghvim alsehe. Translated by Ebne Batlan Baghdadi MH. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Public; 1363. [Persian]
Abolhabib A. Tabaye Recognition. Tehran: Zaim; 1389. [Persian]
Velayati AA, Najm Abadi M. Khafi Alaie. Translated by Jorjani SE. Tehran: Information Press; 1369. [Persian]
Gallen. Fi Sanawat al-Saqirah. Tehran: Institute of Medical History Studies Press, Islamic Medicine and Iran University of Medical Sciences; 2008.
Nazem I. Kholasatol Hekmah. Translated by Aqili Khorasani SMHIH. Qom: Ismaielian; 2006. [Persian]
Avicenna H. Canon of medicine. Beyrot: Al-Aalami; 2005. [Arabic]
Choopani R. Hefzossehe naseri. Translated by Gilani MK. Tehran: Almaei; 2009. [Persian]
Moattar F, Ardekani MR, Ghannadi A. The Life of Jorjani: One of the Persian Pioneers of Medical Encyclopedia Compiling: On the Occasion of His 1000th Birthday Anniversary (434, AH-1434, AH). Iranian Red Crescent Medical J 2013; 15(9): 763-766. [PubMed]
Arzani AA. Mofarah al-Gholob. Tehran: Institute of Medical History, Complementary and Islamic Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 2007.
Razi MZ. Almansori fi al-Teb. Kuwait: Al-Maqd al-Maqatwat al-Arabiya; al-Mansim al-Arabiya lltrb; 1987. [Arabic]
Zaker M. Al-Mansuri fi Teb. Translated by Razi MIZ. Tehran: University of Medical Sciences and Health Services of Tehran; 2006.
Jalinus. Fi feraghelteb lelmotalemin. Ghahere: Matbae dar al-Ketab; 1977. [Arabic]
Abo Sahle Masihi E. Almae fi teb. Dameshgh: Almahado Lferensi Lelderasate al-Arabie Bedameshfg; 2005. [Arabic]
Balqi A. Masalehol abdan val Anfos. Qahereh: Al-Sehhatol al-Amiah; 2005. [Arabic]
Ibne Habal AA. Al-Mokhtarat fi al-Teb. Heydarabad India: Matbae Jamie Dayeratolmaaref al-Osmaniye; 1943. [Arabic]
Ebne Jozi AA. Leghatolmanafe fi elmeteb. Ghahere: Dar al-Kotob Valvacaeghelghomiye; 2010. [Arabic]
Adams F. The Genuine Works of Hippocrates. London: Sydenham Society; 1886.
Gorji N, Moini R, Rezaipor N. Seteye zaroriye. Translated by Gillani VA. Tehran: Al-Mai Press; 1393. [Persian]
Al-Ghazali A. Men matale albedor fi manazel al-Soror. Cairo: Press Office of al-Watan; 1299. [Arabic]
Moharrary MR. Zakhireye Kharazmshahi. Translated by Jorjani SI. Tehran: Farhangestan-e Jomhoori Islami Iran; 2002. [Persian]
Arag Khodai M, GHaffari F, Emadi F, Emaratkar E, Alijaniha F, Noorbala A, et al. Healthy lifestyle in Prevention and Treatment of Depression from the View of Iranian Traditional Medicine. Medical History 1396; 9(30): 169-119. [Persian]
Ghazban J. Ayun al-An'ba fi tabaghat elateba. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 1386. [Persian]
Jalinus. Ela Gheloghen fi altati leshefa e al-Amraz. Cairo: Egyptian General Book Authority; 1982. [Arabic]
Al-Razi MIZ. Al-Havi fi al-Tibb. Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah; 2000. [Arabic]
Al-Zahrawi A. Al-Tasrif li-Man Ajiza an al-Talif. Kuwait: Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences; 2004. [Arabic]
- چکیده مشاهده شده: 851 بار
- PDF دانلود شده: 459 بار