بررسی تأثیر دما، رطوبت محیط و وزش باد بر فاصله اجتماعی ایمن در دوران پاندمیها (مطالعه موردی ویروس کرونا)
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی بهداشت در عرصه,
دوره 12 شماره 3 (1403),
1 اسفند 2025
,
صفحه 53-64
https://doi.org/10.22037/jhf.v12i3.46294
چکیده
زمینه و اهداف: در مطالعه پیش رو تأثیر دما، رطوبت محیط و وزش باد بر انتقال و انتشار ویروسهای ناشی از سرفهی افراد و تعیین فاصله اجتماعی ایمن برای جلوگیری از گسترش پاندمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.
مواد و روشها: به منظور شبیهسازی نحوة انتقال و انتشار قطرات سرفه، یک مجموعه آزمایشگاهی طراحی شد. مجموعه آزمایشگاهی شامل یک مدار هیدرولیکی، سیستم دمنده، سیستم کنترل دما و دستگاه تولید رطوبت به ترتیب برای شبیهسازی پاشش قطرات سرفه افراد، باد، دمای محیط و رطوبت محیط بود. در این پژوهش از روش پردازش تصویر برای ارزیابی انتقال و انتشار قطرات استفاده شد. ملاحظات اخلاقی در تمام مراحل مطالعه رعایت شد.
یافتهها: پردازش تصاویر نشان داد که با ثابت نگهداشتن درصد رطوبت فضای آزمایشگاه و تغییر دمای محیط بین 17/1 تا 46/7 درجه سانتیگراد، تغییرات دما تأثیر معنیداری بر انتشار قطرات ندارد. همچنین با ثابت نگهداشتن دمای محیط و تغییردادن رطوبت محیط بین 10 تا 80 درصد، تغییرات رطوبت تأثیر معنیداری بر انتشار قطرات نداشت. در این شرایط قطرات پس از طیکردن مسافت 0/10±1/6 و 0/10±2/1 متر به ترتیب به ارتفاع 1/55 و 1/05 متر رسیدند. متغیرهای سرعت و جهت وزش باد تأثیر معنیداری بر انتقال و انتشار قطرات دارند.
نتیجهگیری: سرعت و جهت وزش باد مهمترین پارامتر در انتقال و انتشار ویروسهای ناشی از سرفه افراد بوده و تعیین فاصله اجتماعی ایمن بر مبنای این پارامتر تعیین میگردد. به طور کلی در محیط بدون وزش باد فاصله اجتماعی ایمن بین افراد 0/10± 1/63 متر پیشنهاد میشود.
- Covid-19، دما، رطوبت، وزش باد، فاصله اجتماعی ایمن
ارجاع به مقاله
مراجع
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