بررسی الگوی اپیدمیولوژیک و نقشه پراکنش جغرافیایی حیوان گزیدگی در استان کرمانشاه: یک مطالعه مقطعی
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی بهداشت در عرصه,
دوره 12 شماره 2 (1403),
2 نوامبر 2024
,
صفحه 35-44
https://doi.org/10.22037/jhf.v12i2.45071
چکیده
زمینه و اهداف: حیوان گزیدگی یک مشکل بهداشت عمومی با پیامدهای اقتصادی، اجتماعی و روانی است. هدف مطالعه بررسی وضعیت اپیدمیولوژیک و جغرافیایی حیوانات گزیدگی در استان کرمانشاه بود.
مواد و روشها: اسناد موجود ثبت حیوان گزیدگی مراکز بهداشتی درمانی و پیشگیری از بیماریهای واگیر دانشگاه علوم پزشکی طی سالهای 1401-1390 مطالعه گذشتهنگر توصیفی مقطعی شدند. آنالیز دادهها با روش توصیفی فراوانی (میانگین، واریانس و انحرافمعیار)، مربع کای- دو و استفاده از نرمافزار Arc GIS برای ترسیم نقشه پراکنش جغرافیایی انجام شد. رعایت ملاحظات اخلاقی در تمام مراحل اجرای مطالعه درنظر گرفته شد.
یافتهها: درمجموع 52816 حیوان گزیدگی در سراسر استان گزارش شد. روند بروز موارد حيوان گزيدگي در 12 سال مزبور رو به افزايش بود. گزارشی ناشی از مرگ نبود. بیشترین حیوان مهاجم سگ با 87% بود و از لحاظ محل آناتومیک بيشترين آسيبها در اندامهاي تحتاني (50/42%) بود. روستاییان و حاشیه نشینها با 33/53% بیشترین گروه تحت تهاجم حیوان بودند. مردان 68/75% و زنان 31/25% را تشکیل دادند. گروه سني در کل جمعیت مورد مطالعه 7 تا 30 سال با 27% بیشترین میزان آسیب را داشتند. بیشترین موارد گزش در تابستان و بهار و کمترین در پاییز و زمستان گزارش شد.
نتیجهگیری: با توجه به شیوع نسبی حیوانگزیدگی در استان کرمانشاه، بررسی الگوهای GIS نحوهی انتشار حیوان گزیدگی و شناسایی مناطق اندمیک، ارائه طرحهای آموزشی هدفمند، برنامههای مداخلهای جهت پیشگیری و کاهش حیوان گزیدگی به ویژه در فصول تابستان و بهار با تاکید بر افزایش آگاهی افراد و ایمنسازی سگها ضروری است.
- حیوان گزیدگی، پراکندگی جغرافیایی، ArcGIS، کرمانشاه
ارجاع به مقاله
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