تحولات اصل حق بر دریافت امدادهای پزشکی در هنگام وقوع بلایا در پرتو حقوق نرم بینالمللی
مجله تاریخ پزشکی - علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 8 شماره 28 (1395),
7 آبان 2019
,
صفحه 85-103
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v8i28.32488
چکیده
تعداد معدودی از اسناد الزامآور بینالمللی به مسئله حق بر دریافت امدادهای پزشکی در واکنش به بلایای طبیعی و انسانی وجود دارد. اما در سالهای اخیر اسناد حقوق نرم در این زمینه توسعه پیدا کردهاند که از جمله آنها میتوانیم به پیشنویس مواد مربوط به حفاظت از افراد در هنگام وقوع بلایا مصوب کمیسیون حقوق بین الملل، اصول راهنمای ملل متحد در مورد جا به جایی داخلی، کد رفتاری صلیب سرخ و هلال احمر و منشور بشردوستانه و حداقل استانداردها در واکنش به بلایا اشاره کنیم. علیرغم اینکه این اسناد دارای ویژگی الزامآوری نیستند، اما میتوانند در ایجاد همگرایی و هماهنگی میان بازیگران بینالمللی جهت ارائه امدادهای پزشکی نقش مهمی را ایفا کنند. به بیان سادهتر، این اسناد غیرالزامآور در فرآیند شکلگیری عرفهای بینالمللی به نقشآفرینی میپردازند. از طرفی، کمیسیون حقوق بینالملل در پیشنویس مواد مربوط به حفاظت از افراد در هنگام وقوع بلایا این نکته مهم را مدنظر قرار داده است که استانداردها و هنجارهای غیرالزامآور برای توسعه چهارچوب حقوقی قابل قبول بینالمللی برای حفاظت از قربانیان بلایا ضروری است. با توجه به این اهمیت، در پژوهش حاضر برای درک بهتر اصول و استانداردهای مربوط به کمکهای بشردوستانه باید به بررسی مفاد این اسناد بپردازیم.
- امدادهای پزشکی؛ خدمات پزشکی؛ حقوق نرم؛ استانداردهای غیر الزامآور
ارجاع به مقاله
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