Tārīkh-i pizishkī i.e., Medical History

سردبیر محترم

باید اعتراف کنم که در برابر اصطلاح «سلامت معنوی» و به ویژه در رابطه آن با عرفان، همواره با نوعی دشواری رو به رو بوده‌ام. در واقع این ترکیب تازه که احتمالاً ترجمه و تقلیدی از اصطلاح «La Santé Spirituelle» است که گاه با «سلامت روانی» اشتباه می‌شود. درباره سلامت بدن که موضوع دانش پزشکی است، از دیرزمان از آن به تعادل و عدم اختلال در قوای بدن یا وظایف اعضای آن تعبیر نموده‌اند. «سلامت روانی» را که موضوع دانش روانشناسی است، به معنای تعادل و عدم اختلال در رفتار و روان انسانی دانسته‌اند. به ظاهر، با این تعاریف چندان دشواری نداریم، ولی سؤالی که مطرح می‌گردد این است که منظور از سلامت معنوی چیست؟ و اساساً قید «معنا» یا وصف «معنوی» در اینجا چه مفهومی دارد؟

همگان پذیرفته‌اند که منظور از «سلامت معنوی» فقدان بیماری‌های تن یا روان نیست تا پزشک یا روانشناس به درمان آن بپردازد، پس ناگزیر باید گفت که نوعی از بیماری‌ها وجود دارد که از جنس بیماری‌های تن و روان نیست تا درمان آن را از شفاخانه طبیب تن یا روان جستجو کنیم و ظاهرا شفای از این بیماری‌های ناشناخته و معنوی را «سلامت معنوی» نام نهاده‌اند. بنابراین در آغاز، برای آشنایی با سلامت معنوی باید به قلمرو ناشناخته و گسترده عالم معنا نظری بیندازیم....

Background: Spiritual health issue as the fourth dimension of health has great importance, but unfortunately, due to many reasons such as differences in Ideology and attitude to spiritual health, and differences in its definitions and limitations, necessary criteria and indicators for its assessment and survey among the individuals and society, its role in medical knowledge and practice has not been established.

Method: In this study using concept analysis method and the afflatus, we has tried to offer some criteria for the spiritual health, to open way for another researchers to develop qualitative and quantitative indicators of the spiritual health.

Results: In the first part of this article, in part, the Qur'an and the traditions of the Infallible Imams as a basis for theoretical literature reviewed, and in the second part, 70 criteria has introduced.

Conclusion: These criteria can be applied after survey, accreditation and the opinions of experts, and its implementation in limited areas, as the primary source for the development of qualitative and even quantitative indices of spiritual health.

Please cite this article as:

Abolghasemi, MJ. (2017). Towards development of spiritual health criteria from the perspective of Afflatus. Med History J. 8(29): 17-43.

Background: Spiritual health is a component of human health. Despite of its importance in recent years the concept of spirituality and spiritual care in nursing as a nurses duties, there are few studies in this field especially in our country Iran. Aim: This study was aimed to investigate nurses and nursing students’ viewpoints about spirituality and spiritual care of patients.

Method: This cross-sectional study conducted in hospitals affiliated with the Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Sampling performed for students by census and for nurses by two-stage sampling. Study instrument was Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale- SSCRS. Data was analyzed by SPSS software ver.16.

Results: The mean total score of attitude towards spirituality and spiritual care in nursing students participating in the study was 54.57±1.74 and 52.44±0.88 in nurses. The mean score differences in nurses and students were not statistically significant and by demographic characteristics.

Conclusion: Participants' attitude toward spirituality and spiritual care was desirable and this could be considered as an asset for health managers. Further studies about factors affected their attitude were offered.

Please cite this article as:

Tofighian, T. Kooshki, A. Borhani, F. Rakhshani, MH. Mohsenpour, M. (2017). Nursing students and nurses attitude toward spirituality and spiritual care. Med History J. 8(29): 45-62.

Background: The spiritual dimension of health has an important role in human health, well-being and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the spiritual health of nursing and surgery room students studying in Larestan University of Medical Sciences in 2015.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional study, in which 221 nursing and surgery room students studying in Larestan University of Medical Sciences were recruited to study by census. Data were collected with use of Palutzian and Ellison questionnaire of spiritual well-being. Ethically, Participants verbal consent was obtained and anonymously and confidentiality of the data was assured to them. SPSS software ver.16 were used for data analysis.

Results: The mean score of spiritual health (79/6±58/81) was at a moderate level. The mean scores of the religious health and existential health were 51/3±65/34 and 98/3±93/46, respectively. 23.07% of students had low spiritual health, 75.11% had moderate spiritual health and 8.1% had high levels of spiritual health. There was significant relationship between mean score of spiritual health and sex; and males had lower spiritual health. The relationship between spiritual health with other demographic characteristics such as age, course of education, residency and marital status were not significant.

Conclusion: The findings indicate on addressing students’ spiritual health. Incorporating of the issue of spirituality in the context of theoretical and practical courses of medical sciences, education, and promote religious agents patterns to improve spiritual health in universities, is recommended.

Please cite this article as:

Poorkiani, M. Sheikhalipour, Z. Jourkesh, F. (2017). The Assessment of paramedical students’ Spiritual health: The Necessity to Pay More Attention. Med History J. 8(29): 63-81.

Background: According to the innate dignity of human, a child is born with an inmost tendency and spiritual attraction which is called the divine nature that is somewhere between the child's delicate feelings on one hand, and the center of the universe i.e., the origin of the most high on the other hand. So accordingly, the child is ready for growth, efflorescence, and development. Hence, paying attention to preserve and promote this values brings about human perfection, and mental and spiritual health. The present article seeks to answer the questions that what is the foundations for children's spiritual education, principles of preventing spiritual damage and solutions of providing spiritual health in perspective of Islam?

Method: In this study of concept analysis, Islamic texts was used to answer the research questions.

Results: The child's capacity and elegance requires the parents, as the first and the most important child's teachers and nurturers, to play a vital role in promoting the child's spiritual health to protect and support the child's vulnerable soul on the basis of common reason and in the shadow of the revival of child's personality, along with providing welfare, knowledge and cultural reinforcement, away from any form of extravagance and violence, with the gradual teachings, and providing a healthy environment.

Conclusion: Based on the Islamic teachings, any direct or indirect deviation and distortion to suppress the monotheism nature could cause damages and negative effects in the child's soul and mind, and it harms the child's spiritual health. Hence, parents’ negligence or carelessness to the child's spiritual health not only causes unpleasant perils for child's development but also can affect the families and communities in a negative way.

Please cite this article as:

Meghdadi, MM. Javadpour, M. (2017). The Parents Role in Promoting the Spiritual Health of Children in Islam. Med History J. 8(29): 83-117.

Background: Spiritual health of people has an important role in growth and promotion of the community, especially in effective and constructive groups. This study aimed to investigate the spiritual health of the paramedical students in Fasa University of Medical Sciences.

Method: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 120 paramedical students who studied in Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Data were gathered by using the comprehensive spiritual health questionnaire for Iranian populations. Data were analyzed using descriptive Statistics, Chi-square in SPSS 22. The P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: The total mean score of spiritual health among paramedical students was weak (25/19±91/211). So that 50% of the participants had a low level of spiritual health. There was no significant Relationship between spiritual health and the course of study, sex, marital status, beginning time of study in university and residence (P>0/05).

Conclusion: According to the findings, the level of spiritual health among paramedical students was low that indicates on the importance of addressing the issue of spirituality and spiritual health among students due to its impact on their academic development and life expectancy. Therefore, it is suggested to custodians of spiritual health field pay seriously attention to the factors associated with students’ spiritual health.

Please cite this article as:

Khiyali, Z. Jafarzadeh, S. Aleosfoor, M. (2017). The Spiritual Health among Paramedical Students studying in Fasa University of Medical Sciences. Med History J. 8(29): 119-137.

Background: The "Infagh" is a divine deposit from throne of God to man in which human looks the existence of GOD on one hand, and on the other hand, looks the God creation. "Infagh" in Islamic sources has a general meaning of that has a significant role in the human calm and spiritual health. Thus, this study aims to explain the educational functions of the "Infagh" and its role in spiritual health in view of the Quran and Hadith.

Method: This interdisciplinary research has been done with Quranic-narrative approach and using of conceptual analysis.

Results: Although the "Infagh" seems to being reduction of the man’s assets, but it really promotes the man’s happiness and causes of eternal welfare that with developing cognitive and behavioral factors and stripping of negative factors of human health give brings the spiritual health.

Conclusion: "Infagh" with strengthen of social conscience and empathy by playing the "role of reinforcement", as well as to create affection and develop human interactions that called the "role of evolution" and also treating of avarice and stinginess and etc. has a high impact in promotion of the spiritual well-being of individuals and society and functions in both form of the stripping from and developing.

Please cite this article as:

Khakpour, H. Ajangan, P. Lotfi Mehroieh, M. (2017). The role of the "Infagh" in spiritual health in view of the Quran and Hadith. Med History J. 8(29): 139-164.

The spiritual health can be implemented in two ways: to increase the faith and spirituality of people or to promote other aspects of the health, including physical, mental and social health. Regarding to effect of the religious behaviors on promotion of the human health and lifestyle, health care professionals who strive to promote health must be familiar with domain of spiritual health. They should know how to evaluate spirituality and in what way they could take part for effective Islamic spiritual care, in conjunction with Muslim scholars. In this paper, we explain spiritual health care in the different levels of prevention and then, describe the importance of applying spiritual health to promote other aspects of the health and the manners of evaluation of spiritual health. In conclusion, at stake in the health and well-being of patients, health care professionals must develop taking care to the whole person, i.e. body, mind and spirit.

Please cite this article as:

Azizi, F. (2017). Explanation of the spiritual health care at different levels of prevention. Med History J. 8(29): 165-183.