بررسي آگاهي، نگرشها و رفتارهاي تغذيهاي سالمندان: يک مطالعه مقطعي در شهر کرج
فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی بهداشت در عرصه,
دوره 11 شماره 2 (1402),
21 خرداد 2024
,
صفحه 1-10
https://doi.org/10.22037/jhf.v11i2.42330
چکیده
زمینه و اهداف: غفلت از نيازهاي تغذيهاي سالمندي، زمينه را براي بروز بسياري از بيماريها مساعد ميکند. اندازهگيري آگاهي، نگرشها و رفتارهای تغذیهای به عنوان يک نيازسنجي از گامهاي اوليه برنامه ریزی مداخلات است. مطالعهي حاضر باهدف بررسي آگاهي، نگرش و رفتارهاي تغذيهاي سالمندان شهرکرج اجرا شد.
مواد و روشها: در اين مطالعه مقطعي که به صورت توصيفي-تحليلي انجام شد، 393 نفر از سالمندان مراجعهکننده به مراكز بهداشتي درماني شهر كرج با استفاده از روش نمونهگيري چند مرحلهاي شركت كرده بودند. ابزار گردآوري دادهها، پرسشنامهاي شامل اطلاعات جمعیتشناختی و سؤالات آگاهي، نگرش و رفتار در خصوص تغذيه بود كه مراحل روايي و پايايي آن به تأييد رسيده بود. دادههاي جمعآوري شده با كمك نرمافزارSPSS16 و با استفاده از آمارتوصيفي و استنباطي تجزيه وتحليل شدند. رعایت ملاحظات اخلاقی در تمام مراحل اجرای مطالعه درنظر گرفته شد.
یافتهها: سالمندان داراي وضعيت آگاهي متوسط، در بخش نگرش و رفتار نیز وضعيت خوبي داشتند. آگاهي، نگرشها و رفتار سالمندان با تحصيلات و منطقه سکونت ارتباط معنادار داشت (P<0/001)؛ ولي با سن و جنسيت ارتباط معناداري وجود نداشت (P>0/05). همچنین ارتباط معنيدار بين امتیازات آگاهي افراد موردمطالعه با ساختار خانواده وجود داشت (P=0/038).
نتیجهگیری: داشتن آگاهي، جهت ايجاد تغييرات مثبت در سلامت کافي نيست. مداخلات آموزشي و تأکيد بر عادات بهداشتي سالم، بايد آنقدر تکرار شود تا بهطور واضح در نگرش و عملکرد افراد تغيير ايجاد شود و اثرات مثبت آن برسلامت ظاهر گردد. طراحي و اجراي برنامههاي آموزشي تغذيه با هدف بهبود و اصلاح رژيم غذايي در سالمندان پيشنهاد ميگردد.
- سالمند، آگاهي، نگرش، رفتار، تغذيه
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