Observance with the Principle non Bis in Idem in the Disciplinary Violations of Medical Staff; A Moral or a Legal Necessity
Akhlāq-i zīstī i.e., Bioethics Journal,
Vol. 13 No. 38 (1402),
28 May 2023
,
Page 1-15
https://doi.org/10.22037/bioeth.v13i38.41462
Abstract
Background and Aim: The principle non bis in idem is one of the principles of fair proceedings in criminal proceedings, which, according to modern criminal law and the emergence of the concept of "criminal matters" in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, can be extended to administrative and disciplinary violations as well. Doctors, dentists, pharmacists, nurses, midwives and other professions related to medicine may commit disciplinary, punitive, insurance, administrative and criminal offenses, each of which has its own laws as possible. It is possible for a doctor to be included in the mentioned various titles and bear many punishments due to a single action. The purpose of this research is to examine the ways out of this unfair and even immoral approach by resorting to existing humanitarian and fair legal solutions, especially the principle non bis in idem.
Methods: The method of collecting information in this research is a library and the contents have been analyzed in a descriptive way.
Ethical Considerations: In this article, the ethical principles of writing, including trustworthiness, honesty and originality of the text, have been observed.
Results: Examining the laws and regulations related to the medical profession shows that the aforementioned principle has not been observed regarding the disciplinary violations of doctors and allied professions, and in terms of the variety and number of violations counted in the regulations of this profession, the employees of this profession, have been subjected to disrespect and lack of fairness.
Conclusion: Compliance with the principles and rules of humanitarian and fair proceedings, especially the principle of prohibition of re-trial and re-punishment, with the solutions proposed by the researcher, can compensate this shortcoming well.
- The Principle non Bis in Idem
- Disciplinary Violations
- Doctor
- Ethics
How to Cite
References
Yousefi MR, Mahdavi Sabet MA. A comparative study of the criminal territory in traffic violations in Iran's legal system and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. Comparative Law Studies. 2015; 7(2): 805-821. [Persian]
Delmas-Marty M. The grand systems of criminal politics. 1st ed. Translated by Najafi Abrandabadi AH. Tehran: Mizan Publications; 2002. p.51. [Persian]
Babaei MA, Mahdavi D. The criminal domain and its place in Iran's legal system. Doctrines of Criminal Law. 2012; 9(3): 101-128. [Persian]
Trystan L. Principe ne bis in idem: D’une cacophonie jurisprudentielle à une reconstruction à quatre mains. 2017. Available at: https://www.core.ac.uk/download/pdf/132091248.pdf. Accessed March 29, 2023. [French]
Chacornac J. L’articulation des repressions Comment résoudre le problèmede non bis in idem?. 2019. Available at: https://www.cairn.info/revue-de-science-criminelle-et-de-droit-penal-compare-2019-2-page-333.htm&wt.src=pdf. Accessed April 4, 2023. [French]
CEDH 29 sept. 2020. Faller et Steinmetz v. France. [French]
CEDH 10 February. 2009. ZOLOTUKHIN v. RUSSIA.
CEDH 4 mars 2014. Grande Stevens et a. v. Italy. [French]
CEDH 27 August 2002. Didier v. France. [French]
Fucini S. Principe non bis in idem: Inapplicabilité aux procédures disciplinaires. 2020. Available at: https://www.dalloz-actualite.fr. Accessed November 20, 2020. [French]
Ardabili MA. General criminal law. 2nd ed. Tehran: Mizan Publications; 2012. Vol.1 p.177. [Persian]
Farnam H. The principles of fair proceedings in the rules and regulations of the Dispute Resolution Council. 1st ed. Tehran: Author Publisher; 2012. p.50-55. [Persian]
Saffari A. Criminology, developments, foundations and implementation of the penalty of deprivation of liberty. 4th ed. Tehran: Jungle Publications; 2008. p.41. [Persian]
Noorbaha R. The field of general criminal law. 20th ed. Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh Library; 2007. p.67. [Persian]
Khaleghi A. Code of Criminal Procedure. 29th ed. Tehran: Shahr-e Danesh; 2014. Vol.1 p.116. [Persian]
Lotfi AR, Dehghanian R. The principle of equality in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Epistemological Studies Quarterly in Islamic University. 2018; 23(4): 763-778. [Persian]
Zeraat A. Iran's criminal procedure based on principles and rules. Tehran: Daneshpazir Cultural and Art Institute; 2013. p.78-79. [Persian]
Mohammadnejad H. The theory of public service and its governing principles in Iran's laws and judicial procedure. Bi-Quarterly Journal of Administrative Law. 2015; 3(10): 104-128. [Persian]
Ashouri M. Code of Criminal Procedure. Tehran: Samt Publications; 2015. Vol.1 p.25. [Persian]
Ansari B. Privacy and its protection in Islamic, comparative and Iranian law. Journal of Faculty of Law and Political Sciences. 2004; 66: 1-54. [Persian]
Becaria C. Treatise on crimes and punishments. Translated by Ardabili MA. 2nd ed. Tehran: Shahid Beheshti University Press; 1995. p.105. [Persian]
Montesquie CHL. Spirit of law. Translated by Mohtadi AA. 4th ed. Tehran: Haj Mohammad Hosein Iqbal and Associates Nesbi Publishing House; 1976. p.207. [Persian]
Pradel J, Corstens G. Criminal law of the Council of Europe. Translated by Ashouri M. Tehran: Khorsandi; 2015. p.34. [Persian]
Nekoi M. Pathology of the opinions of the administrative violation boards of employees from the perspective of the principles of fair proceedings (with an emphasis on the opinions of the Administrative Court of Justice). Scientific Quarterly of Modern Administrative Law Research. 2021; 3(9): 189-215. [Persian]
Akhundi M. Identification of criminal procedure. The sixth office. Prosecutor's office and indictment. Tehran: Dor Andishan; 2013. p.171. [Persian]
Bahrami B. Description and criticism of the law on revitalization of courthouses. 1st ed. Tehran: Behnami Publications; 2002. p.40. [Persian]
Mohseni H. The principle of access to justice and the right to sue the government. Private Law Studies Quarterly. 2016; 47(3): 531-550. [Persian]
Ashouri M. Criminal justice (collection of articles). 1st ed. Tehran: Ganj-e Danesh Library; 1997. p.135-136. [Persian]
Hashemi SM. human rights and concepts of equality, fairness and justice. Tehran: Criminal Science and Criminology Research Institute, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran; 2004. p.186. [Persian]
Khaleghi A. Code of Criminal Procedure. 29th ed. Tehran: Shahr-e Danesh; 2014. Vol.2 p.78. [Persian]
Ashouri M. Code of Criminal Procedure. Tehran: Samt Publications; 2018. Vol.2 p.411. [Persian]
Akhoundi M. Code of Criminal Procedure. 6th ed. Tehran: Printing and Publishing Organization of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance; 2001. Vol.2 p.186-187. [Persian]
Khazani M. Criminal process (collection of articles). 1st ed. Tehran: Ganje Danesh; 2000. [Persian]
Michiels O, Falque G. Le principe non bis in idem: Quand le droit belge intègre les soubresauts du droit européen?. 2019. Available at: https://www.core.ac.uk/ display/286385921?source=4. Accessed March 29, 2023. [French]
Stefani G, Levasseur G, Bullock B. Code of Criminal Procedure. Translated by Dadban H. 1st ed. Tehran: Allameh Tabatabayi University Publications; 1998. Vol.1 p.121-122. [Persian]
Ashouri M. Code of Criminal Procedure. 7th ed. Tehran: Samt Publications; 2002. Vol.1 p.209. [Persian]
Rahmdel M. Prohibition of aggravating the punishment at the appeal stage. Justice Journal. 2009; 73(67): 13-37. [Persian]
Tari Verdi S, Abbasi M. Principles of fair proceedings in administrative courts and board’s Medical police. Medical Law Quarterly. 2009; 3(9): 113-148. [Persian]
Ardabili MA. General Criminal Law. Tehran: Mizan Publications; 2019. Vol.3 p.102. [Persian]
Bagheri Motlagh N, Ghasemi Hamed A. Quasi-judicial authorities dealing with violations committed in the provision of health system services. Medical Law Quarterly. 2018; 13(51): 177-205. [Persian]
Joudaki H, Rashidian A, Milanifar AR. Studying the laws related to dealing with medical malpractice in Iran. Medical and Legal Scientific Journal. 2010; 16(3): 215-223. [Persian]
Fardoust GH, Rajabi A, Rajabieh MH, Golkhandan S. Fair proceedings in the light of moral principles in quasi-judicial criminal authorities. Journal of Biological Ethics. 2021; 11(36): 11(36): 1-16. [Persian]
- Abstract Viewed: 254 times
- PDF (فارسی) Downloaded: 126 times