ارزیابی سلامت غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی بر اساس اصل اخلاقی زیاننرسانی
مجله اخلاق زیستی- علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 12 شماره 37 (1401),
20 خرداد 2022
,
صفحه 1-16
https://doi.org/10.22037/bioeth.v12i37.35035
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: پیشرفتهای سریع دانشمندان در رشته زیستفناوری و مهندسی ژنتیک موجب شده اصل اخلاقی زیاننرسانی در حوزه علوم زیستی جایگاه ویژهای پیدا کند. تولید غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی یکی از جدیدترین دستاوردهای زیستفناوری است. امروزه بحث از ایمنی و سلامت غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی یک موضوع جنجالبرانگیز در سرتاسر جهان است. هدف از این مقاله ارزیابی سلامت غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی با تأکید بر اصل اخلاقی زیاننرساندن به انسان با استناد به مدارک و شواهد موجود است.
روش: روش پژوهش حاضر، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی است و گردآوری اطلاعات به شیوه کتابخانهای انجام شده است.
ملاحظات اخلاقی: در نگارش این مقاله، صداقت و امانتداری رعایت شده است.
یافتهها: حل مشکل گرسنگی جهانی، بالارفتن کیفیت مواد غذایی، بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی کشاورزان و حفظ سلامت محیط زیست از مهمترین مزایای تولید غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی هستند. تولید غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی به عنوان راه حلی مناسب برای تأمین نیازهای غذایی بشر معرفی شدهاند، در حالی که سلامت و ایمنی این غذاها مورد اختلاف است. مخالفان، ایمنی و سلامت این غذاها را به دلیل عدم توافق علمی و بروز خطرات احتمالی نمیپذیرند و معتقدند در تولید غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی اصل اخلاقی زیاننرسانی مراعات نمیشود. در مقابل، موافقان به دلیل توافق علمی بر ایمنی و سلامت غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی، نتایج آزمایشهای موردی و تجربه موفق مردم آمریکا مدعی ایمنی و سلامت غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی و هماهنگی تولید این غذاها با اصل اخلاقی زیاننرسانی هستند.
نتیجهگیری: تولید غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی با مزایای قابل توجهی همراه است، اما درباره مضرات استفاده از این فناوری مسائل ناشناخته بسیار زیادی وجود دارد. وجود خطرات احتمالی در تولید غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی و عدم قطعیت علمی درباره وقوع این خطرات، دلیلی برای اجرای اصل احتیاط در تولید این غذاهاست.
- غذاهای اصلاحشده ژنتیکی؛ اخلاق زیستی؛ زیاننرساندن؛ اصل احتیاط
ارجاع به مقاله
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