Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention)

Vaccination is one of the most effective and cost-effective public health interventions for preventing infectious diseases, reducing disability and mortality, and promoting sustainable population health. Its importance becomes even greater during armed conflicts, when mass population displacement, disruption of healthcare services, destruction of health infrastructure, insecurity, resource shortages, and limited access to affected areas can substantially reduce vaccination coverage and create conditions conducive to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Moreover, vaccination provides not only direct protection to vaccinated children but also contributes to herd immunity, thereby protecting vulnerable children who cannot receive vaccines for medical reasons. Vaccination should therefore be regarded not merely as an individual medical intervention but as a collective social responsibility and a fundamental strategy for population survival. According to 2025 data, although a large proportion of children worldwide received essential vaccines, millions of children remained completely unvaccinated, with a substantial proportion living in politically unstable, conflict-affected, and underserved areas. In such settings, reaching every child, maintaining immunization services, addressing misinformation, and rebuilding public trust in health systems are essential priorities. The continued implementation of childhood vaccination programs in Iran during wartime demonstrates the importance of health-system preparedness and resilience in maintaining essential preventive services. Ensuring uninterrupted childhood vaccination during armed conflicts should therefore be considered an integral component of public safety, disease prevention, and protection of future generations.

Background and Aim: Nowadays, research and investigation are considered to be the main pillars of the development of countries. The dependence of policy-making, planning, and macro-decision-making has made the importance of evaluating and supporting research activities clearer than ever before. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of explaining the challenges and Barriers to promoting research and technological activities of faculty members.

Methods: The current study was a qualitative study and was conducted with a content analysis approach. In order to achieve the research objectives, 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted with professors of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 1401. The selection of participants was purposeful and using a non-probability sampling method, and the interviews continued until the data reached saturation. This was done in a way that the principle of maximum diversity was observed and individuals rich in information were included in the study. Finally, using the Granheim and Lundman approach, the researchers continued to analyse the semantic units until they reached the main themes of the study.

Results: The participants’ academic backgrounds ranged from 12 to 32 years. The analysis of the interviews ultimately yielded 350 main codes, which resulted in the formation of 5 main themes. Analysis and interpretation of the findings showed that the barriers to conducting research activities had 2 main themes, namely infrastructure and organizational barriers, and individual, management, and communication challenges formed the 3 main themes of the challenges section. In total, 11 main categories and 21 subcategories formed the basic concepts of this study.

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated a wide range of barriers and challenges affecting the research activities of academics, especially faculty members. Therefore, considering the role of universities as a reference in various public health issues, this study emphasized the high importance of investing in and properly managing the research space.

Background and Aim: The petrochemical industry is considered a high-risk industry due to the use of flammable materials and complex processes. This study aimed to assess the status of the safety, emergency response, rescue, and industrial firefighting management system at the Olefin Unit of Bandar Imam Petrochemical Complex based on the requirements of NFPA 30:2024 and NFPA 600:2020.

Methods: This applied, descriptive-analytical study collected data using a 30-item questionnaire covering four dimensions: “fixed fire-extinguishing equipment,” “personnel knowledge and preparedness,” “operational risk indicators,” and “emergency response preparedness and effectiveness.” The study population consisted of approximately 80 personnel, of whom 30 were purposively selected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a one-sample t-test, and gap analysis in SPSS. A score of 5 was considered the desired level of compliance.

Results: The mean scores for fixed fire-extinguishing equipment, personnel knowledge and preparedness, operational risk indicators, and emergency response preparedness and effectiveness were 3.12, 2.58, 3.04, and 3.05, respectively. All mean scores were significantly lower than the desired level of 5 (P<0.001). The largest gap was observed in personnel knowledge and preparedness (−2.42), while the smallest gap was related to fixed fire protection equipment (−1.88). The corresponding compliance indices were 53.0%, 39.5%, 51.0%, and 51.25%, respectively.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that although the studied unit has basic safety infrastructure and capabilities, none of the assessed dimensions reached the desired level defined within the study framework.

Occupational accidents and diseases are among the most significant challenges in process industries, particularly in the oil and gas sector, and can lead to considerable human, economic, and environmental consequences. The present study aimed to prioritize strategies for reducing occupational accidents and diseases in Parsian Gas Refining Company, located in Mohr County, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In terms of purpose, this research is applied, and in terms of methodology, it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population consisted of 30 experts in the field of occupational health and safety, including HSE specialists of Parsian Gas Refining Company, labor inspectors, and official judiciary experts in occupational accidents, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a pairwise comparison questionnaire based on the AHP method. The decision-making criteria included effectiveness in risk reduction, cost-effectiveness, feasibility, legal compliance, and employee acceptance. The alternatives under evaluation comprised engineering controls, administrative controls, training and behavioral safety, and personal protective equipment. The results of the AHP analysis indicated that engineering controls ranked first with a final weight of 0.4654, followed by administrative controls with a weight of 0.2507, training and behavioral safety with a weight of 0.1618, and personal protective equipment with a weight of 0.1221, ranking second, third, and fourth, respectively. The consistency ratio of judgments was obtained as 0.0413, which is lower than the acceptable threshold of 0.1 and indicates satisfactory consistency of the comparisons. The findings of this study can assist managers and safety professionals in selecting the most effective strategies for reducing occupational accidents in the oil and gas industry.

سابقه و هدف: ایمنی شغلی و پیشگیری از حوادث در صنایع فرایندی، به‌ویژه در واحدهای پتروشیمیایی که با مواد خطرناک و سامانه‌های به‌هم‌پیوسته سروکار دارند، مستلزم شناسایی نظام‌مند خطرات و انتخاب روش‌های ارزیابی ریسک متناسب با ماهیت فرایند است. این پژوهش با هدف توسعه یک چارچوب تلفیقی سلسله‌مراتبی جهت ارزیابی ریسک در سامانه‌های فرایندی صنایع پتروشیمی انجام شد.

روش کار: پژوهش از نظر رویکرد، در چارچوب پژوهش طراحی علم می‌باشد و مبانی چارچوب از طریق مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات و استانداردهای مرتبط استخراج شد. بر اساس معیارهای کاربردپذیری در فرایندهای صنعتی، پشتوانه علمی و استانداردی، پوشش ابعاد مختلف ارزیابی ریسک و قابلیت تلفیق، پنج تکنیک HAZOP، FMEA، FTA، ETA و Bow-Tie برای چارچوب انتخاب شدند. در ادامه، سامانه فرایندی به گره‌های عملکردی شامل مجموعه مرتبطی از تجهیزات، خطوط، جریان‌های فرایندی و اجزای کنترلی و حفاظتی تفکیک و بر اساس ویژگی‌ها و نیاز تحلیلی هر گره، تکنیک یا ترکیب مناسب تعیین شد. چارچوب پیشنهادی در واحد تولید تری‌اتیل‌آلومینیوم (TEAL) به‌عنوان یک سامانه فرایندی مرتبط با زنجیره تولید پلی‌الفین‌ها پیاده‌سازی شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در هشت گره فرایندی، ۱۷ مورد به‌کارگیری تکنیک ثبت شد؛ به‌گونه‌ای که HAZOP در پنج، FMEA در چهار، FTA و Bow-Tie هرکدام در سه و ETA در دو گره به‌کار گرفته شدند. در مطالعه‌ موردی حاضر، به‌کارگیری منطق گره‌محور به‌جای انتخاب یکنواخت روش، امکان تطبیق ترکیب تکنیک‌ها با ویژگی‌های هر بخش از سامانه را فراهم کرد و می‌تواند به کاهش شکاف‌های تحلیلی میان شناسایی خطر، تحلیل علل و پیامدها و ارزیابی موانع حفاظتی کمک کند.

نتیجه‌گیری: این چارچوب می‌تواند مبنایی روش‌شناختی برای تقویت فرایند شناسایی و پیشگیری از سناریوهای حادثه در سامانه‌های پیچیده پتروشیمیایی فراهم سازد.

The digital transformation of the health system and the expansion of AI applications have elevated the status of health data from an operational resource to a strategic asset for clinical decision-making, public policy-making, and technological innovation. However, the safe, fair, and effective use of data depends on the establishment of a coherent framework for health data governance. Otherwise, challenges such as privacy violations, weakening public trust, legal gaps, lack of algorithmic transparency, and reproduction of existing inequalities in the form of data biases can jeopardize the legitimacy and effectiveness of AI in health. The present study, using a review-analytic approach, explores the conceptual, institutional, and policy dimensions of health data governance in the era of AI. To this end, while systematically reviewing the relevant literature, the evolution of data governance patterns from institutional control to individual control and then collective governance is explained, and the interrelationship between the quality of data governance and the deployability of AI is analyzed. In addition, using the global ODIN index, Iran’s situation has been assessed in terms of data coverage and openness, two important components of data readiness for AI. The findings indicate that the main problem in Iran is not related to a lack of technical capacity, but rather to structural shortcomings in data governance, including information silos, weak metadata, lack of a national data strategy, and lack of transparent frameworks for secondary use of data. Based on these findings, the paper presents a three-layer framework for modern health data governance in Iran that includes the layers of infrastructure and technology, protection and legislation, and ethics and collective participation. The final conclusion is that the responsible deployment of AI in the Iranian health system requires a transition from traditional and control-oriented governance to participatory, standards-oriented, and justice-oriented governance.