Tārīkh-i pizishkī i.e., Medical History

سردبیر محترم

یکی از ابعاد مهم چهارگانه سلامت، سلامت معنوی است که بر اهتمام به ارتقای آن توسط سازمان جهانی بهداشت تأکید شده است. از آنجا که سلامت معنوی سبب بهبود شاخص‌های ابعاد دیگر سلامت جسمی، روانی، اجتماعی می‌گردد، توجه به این بعد سلامت بیشتر در دوره بزرگسالی و در بیماران مبتلا به بیماری‌های صعب‌العلاج صورت می‌گیرد. حال آنکه رشد و تکامل معنویت باید از سنین کودکی در نظر قرار گیرد.

رشد معنویت در هر انسانی دارای یک روند دینامیک و پویا است که در طی یک دوران رخ می‌دهد. در طی این روند، انسان به طور فزاینده‌ای به معنی، اهداف و ارزش‌های زندگی پی می‌برد. (فولتون و همکاران[i]، 1995 م.) رشد معنویت در کودک بسیار پیچیده است و تحت تأثیر عوامل متعددی نظیر خانواده، رسانه‌ها، افراد مسؤول جامعه و ارزش‌های فرهنگی است. امروزه تأثیر رسانه‌ها به ویژه صدا و سیما، اینترنت و فیلم‌های سینمایی انکارناپذیر است و تضاد و دوگانگی ناشی از تأثیر این عوامل، همانند رشد کودک در یک خانواده مذهبی که در معرض مستمر رسانه‌ هالیوودی است، بسیار پرتعارض می‌باشد. (لانهام[ii]، 2005 م.)

تجربه‌های معنوی و دینی می‌تواند اثرات قوی در زندگی کودکان داشته باشد؛ رشد اخلاقی آن‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد، ارتباطات اجتماعی آن‌ها را تقویت کند و راه ارتباط با خویشتن و رفتارهایشان را تنظیم نماید. (بارنس و همکاران[iii]، 2000 م.) کودکانی که در خانواده‌های غیر معنوی/ مذهبی پرورش می‌یابند، بیشتر با سؤالاتی درباره خداوند و ذات لایزال الهی مواجه می‌شوند و پاسخ این سؤالات و رموز معنویت را در جامعه جستجو می‌کنند (فولتون، و همکاران[iv]، 1995 م.) و چه بسا به معنویت‌های کاذب دست می‌یابند. از این رو کتب و مقالات مندرج در حوزه سلامت معنوی مرور و مطالب مربوط به مراحل مختلف رشد معنوی در کودکان و نوجوانان مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.

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پی‌نوشت‌ها

[i]. Fulton RB. & Moore CM.

[ii]. Lanham, MD.

[iii]. Barnes LL. & Plotnikoff GA. & Fox K. & Pendleton S.

[iv]. Fulton RB. & Moore CM.

Background: Health is a holistic concept, incorporates physical, mental, social, and spiritual dimensions. From aforesaid dimensions, there are most challenged about spiritual health concept. The purpose of the study was to explore the concept of spirituality health and its dimensions.

Methods: Hybridized concept analysis method was used in the study, including theoretical, field work, and analytical phases. Three steps systematic review in the first phase, semi-structural interviews by purposeful sampling in the second phase, and ultimately in the third phase, analytical analysis method was used to incorporate the results in two previous steps.

Results: Incorporating the results of the first and second phases by analytical method demonstrated the spirituality health definition and its components, spiritual health is a multidimensional concept with different levels, in case of antecedents availability of to be situational, having different levels, existence of the insights, tendency, ability, and personal capacities, in the presence of transcendence, achieving in the shade coordination of all internal measures, providing a choice of internal and external behavioral options, and connection to the four realms of God, personal, social and natural characteristics, the ultimate goal and outcome that is esteem of God or getting close to God, will be achieved. Spiritual cognition, emotional, interaction, consequences, transcendence, and beliefs are the main spirituality components.

Discussion & Conclusion: Although the results of the study was demonstrated the spirituality definition and its components, considering the Islamic – Iranian culture and domain in more developing the spirituality health concept and its components according to the Islamic – Iranian model, are important and necessary.

Background: the aim of present study was to investigate the role of spiritual health dimensions in explaining wedlock communicative patterns between women teachers in Karaj

Methods: The sample consisted of 361primary school women teachers in Karaj city who were teaching in the 92-93 school year which completed marital communication patterns of Christensen & Sullaway (CPQ) and Ellison spiritual health and Pvlvtzyn (SWBS) questionnaires. For data analysis, the mean and standard deviation of the descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of the Pearson correlation and multiple regression by Spss20 were used.

Results: The findings show that the spiritual health (total) have positive and significant relationship with marital constructive communication pattern (p<0/01), but had significant negative relationship with avoidance and demand / retiring communication patterns. The results also showed spiritual health dimensions can predict marital communication patterns (manufacturer, avoidance and demand/ retiring). The results of the regression analysis showed that the religious health in compared with existential health have the greatest role in predicting positive and significant (p<0/01) constructive communication pattern and predicting negative and significant (p<0/01) communication patterns avoidance and demand / retiring.

Discussion & Conclusion: Base of the results of this study we can understand the role of religious belief and spirituality in marriage and couple relationships primary school women teachers in the city of Karaj as an important factor to combat with disputes and conflicts on the communication patterns.

Background: Given to increasing of life expectancy and population of older people, consideration to mental health and its related variables in older people has been more important. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between religious orientation and mental health in older people.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 389 older people in Birjand at 2014 that were selected by multistage sampling. In addition to questionnaire of demographic information, data collection was carried out by using general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and religious orientation questionnaire of Allport. Data were analyzed using SPSS (V: 18) by the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficients in 0.05 significant level.

Results: The mean age of participants was 63.65 (± 3.74) year. Based on the results of the study, score of religious orientation was significantly higher in people without mental disorders, and there was a significant relationship between religious orientation and mental health (r=-0.589) and its subscales includes physical symptoms (r=-0.605), anxiety (r=-0.587), social function (r=-0.484) and depression (r=-0.642) (p<0.001).

Discussion & Conclusion: Results indicated a significant relationship between religious orientation and mental health in older people so that increasing and more internalization of religious orientation can be improved mental health. Given to the aging population and the importance of mental health in the older people more attention to the role of religious orientation in planning interventions for the aging population seems necessary.

The culture of self-care and the observation the rule of health are the base of Islamic principles. Lifetime health with self care was announced slogan of WHO in 2013. The spiritual health has a special position in Islamic work. 

The researches have researched about spiritual care, its three dimensions, its contents and its rule in spiritual in Iran. So these items are not explained according to Islamic teachings. The prevailing studies that done in the world has not any consider to the religious faith as a key factor. The purpose of this article is to study on Quran verses and Islamic Hadiths and analyze of them in the way of to explain the dimensions of spiritual care and its technical ways to access the spiritual health.

In this review, the author searched some key words like: spiritual health, spiritual care, and righteousness, health heart, in the Quran and Hadith and data bases like noormags, Sid, and Google scholar for first time. Then these data has analyzed. This study showes the most important characteristics of spiritual health in Islamic teachings such as authenticity of monotheism and spiritual health, extending the dimension of health to eternal life. The most important principles in spiritual self care have concluded in cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions. Increasing of spiritual health by emphasize upon Islamic spiritual health care can promote the body, psychological and social health, and then provide the health in eternal life.

Background: Self-control is self-management, by which anybody forces himself to do or not some acts. A person should control his desire to reach to this kind of management so it means suppression and restraining that has important impact on mental and spiritual health. The purpose of this research is expression of ways of achieving to self-control and its role in mental and spiritual health in view of Quran and narratives.

Methods: This article is done in analytic-descriptive method with Quran-narrative approach.

Results: This article states that self-control is one of effective component to reach mental relaxation. Continence makes: Balanced life, much patience, and strong relationship toward God and finally, makes life comfortably. This study concludes: Quran and narratives ways to achieve self- control are two: A) Cognitive: through Theology, Self-knowledge, Worldviews, B) Behavioral: through Fear and hope, Modesty and Chastity, Patience, fasting that increase components of power within and Reinforces behavioral components of external might. So both of them makes human achieve self-control.

Discussion & Conclusion: This study concludes: Quran and narratives ways to achieve self- control are two: A- Cognitive: through Theology, Self-knowledge, Worldviews, B- Behavioral: through Fear and hope, Modesty and Chastity, Patience, fasting that increase components of power within and Reinforces behavioral components of external might. So both of them makes human achieve self-control.

Background: Spirituality as the essence of the human beings and its effects on the human healing has increasingly been considered in the recent years. Holistic nursing care perspective needs to the nurses that they consider individuals from physical, mental, and social aspects with spiritual core. In this regard, the nurses' self spirituality has special importance. The purpose of the present study was to investigate spirituality experiences of oncology nurses.

Methods: In this study, 24 oncology nurses participated from 12 hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti, Tehran and Iran Medical Sciences Universities. The Interviews were done by semi structured interviews guide and were analyzed through qualitative content analysis approach.

Results: Spirituality experiences of the oncology nurses were emerged in two main categories as the religious and existential domains in the Islamic culture of Iran.

Discussion & Conclusion: The findings of this study were congruent with Islam holistic perspective that considers to all human aspects simultaneously.

Spiritual Health has been known as one of the four dimensions of health and World Health Organization has asked member states to try for Provide, maintain and improve this dimension of health. The studies show that unfortunately medical professionals don’t become acquainted to concepts and indicators of spiritual health during their education in medical and paramedical universities. So they avoid to attention to spiritual health in providing health services while holistic medicine emphasizes on attention to all dimensions of health such as spiritual, physical, mental and social by medical professionals. Therefore the present study reviews medical care in field of spiritual health and its approaches.

The real human’s heart which is different to the pineal one is the origin and the main source of mysticism and spiritual health. The heart, like other organs of the body, becomes sick. So we should try for heart’s health. It is necessary to identify harmful factors and inhibitors, and before the disease enter the heart and surround the man, he must take special precautions. The present article, through Quran verses, infallibles' narrations and some Muslim scholars' views, studies some of inhibitors of spiritual health and factors of heart disease or even its death. By identifying these factors, the way for controlling and preventing it would be paved. Some of the most important factors are: Dejection, romance and love to anyone apart from God, atrocity and cruelty, unfaithfulness, illegal use of the property, greed, bullying, arrogance, and dozens of other factors that are mentioned in this article. This article has a field study in the pathology literature of spiritual health.