Malaria in Fars during Qajar Era (1789-1925)
Tārīkh-i pizishkī i.e., Medical History,
Vol. 12 No. 44 (1399),
10 November 2020
,
Page 1-12
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v12i44.31153
Abstract
Background and Aim: Malaria is a disease caused by single-celled microorganisms of Plasmodium group and is transmitted to humans by a female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria was a disease native to Iran and accounted for 30-40% of annual casualties. The disease had spread to Khorasan, Mazandaran, and Kerman in a dispersed manner. Fars region which is located in the southern Iran is an area that is not addressed well enough on this matter. Geographical spread of malaria began from Shiraz, as the weather in Shiraz was hot and infected in the summer, causing a variety of diseases such as malaria that used to be rampant in this city. Other parts of Fars where malaria was most prevalent included a vast area from lands in the northern Fars, where dates grew, to the shores of the Persian Gulf, and this disease was more prevalent in the southern parts, especially in Bandar Bushehr [Bushehr Port]. There were many disease-carrying insects in Lar and Larestan.
Materials and Methods: This historical research is carried out as a desk study and studies malaria in Fars during Qajar era with a histographic perspective through a narrative method, which is specific to natural sciences.
Findings: Malaria was one of the most common diseases in Fars province during the Qajar period and caused many casualties. In this article, various aspects of this disease are examined with the help of historical sources, newspapers and documents.
Ethical Considerations: The Ethical Committee of Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Dr.Ali Shariati of Ferdowsi University approved the study.
Conclusion: This paper addresses malaria in Fars during Qajar era (1789-1925). It initially emphasizes on pathological importance of malaria history in Iran and then analyzes the role of malaria outbreak as a factor causing human casualties in the southern Iran and Fars.
Cite this article as: Golshani SAR, Nematollahi SR, Sarafrazi A. Malaria in Fars during Qajar Era (1789-1925). Medical History Journal 2020; 12(44): e5.
- Malaria; Nubia Fever; Qajar Era; Iran; Fars; Shiraz
How to Cite
References
Nematollahi SR, Golshani SA. Social History of Medicine and Public Health in Iran`s Naseri era. Tehran: Mirmah; 2015. p.175-184. [Persian]
Saebi E. Textbook of clinical parasitology: Protozoal diseases in Iran. Tehran: Hayan; 2003. p.273. [Persian]
Fio C. Fragoso, Monardes and pre-Chinchonian knowledge of Cinchona. Archives of Natural History 1995; 22(2): 169-181.
Katz FF. On the Centenary of Sir Ronald Ross's Discovery of the Role of the Mosquito in the Life Cycle of the Malaria Parasite. Journal of Medical Biography 2016; 5(4): 200-204.
Iran Newspaper. 1880. No.428 p.4. [Persian]
Rochechouart JD. Khāṭirāt-i ṣafar-i Īrān. Translated lated by Tavakoli M. Tehran: Ney; 1999. p.51. [Persian]
Orsolle E. Biography of the Caucasus and Iran. Translated lated by Saeedi AA. Tehran: Zavar; 1974. p.26-31. [Persian]
Sir Layard AH. Early adventures in Persia Susiana and Babylonia. Translated lated by Amiri M. Tehran: Vahid; 1988. p.136-154. [Persian]
Serena C. The People and Sights of Iran. Translated by Samiei GH. Tehran: Nashre Now; 1984. p.16-17. [Persian]
Saeedi Sirjani AA. Vaqiye Ittifaqiyeh (Reports of British secretaries in the southern provinces of Iran from 1291-1322 AH). Tehran: Novin; 1984. p.164-247, 321, 490-491. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1882. No.394 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1882. No.496 p.2. [Persian]
Illustrated Medicine Newspaper. 1884. No.526 p.10. [Persian]
Dieulafoy J. Safarnameh Madam Dieulafoy. Translated by Farahvashi H. Tehran: Kayam; 1983. p.481-486. [Persian]
Khosrobeigi H, Ghalavand Z. Political Divisions and Organizational Structure of Farsin Qajar Era (1797-1895). Biannual Research Journal of Iran Local Histories 2016; 4(2): 41-51.
Iran Newspaper. 1884. No.526 p.3-4. [Persian]
Chuikof VI. Seyahtnameh Chuikof. Translated by Masehi A. Tehran: Amir Kabir; 1979. p.29. [Persian]
Brugsch HK. Safari be Darbar Soltaneh Sahebqeran: 1859-1861. Translated by Kurdbacheh. Tehran: Etelaat; 1988. p.466-467. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1882. No.499 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1883. No.518 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1883. No.528 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1883. No.524 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1884. No.553 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1884. No.558 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1884. No.560 p.4. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1884 No.561 p.3-4. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1884. No.562 p.2-4. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1885. No.565 p.3-4. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1885. No.566 p.3-4. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1885. No.568 p.2. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1885. No.568 p.2-3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1885. No.578 p.2. [Persian]
Curzon GN. Persia and the Persian Question. Translated by Vahid-Mazandarani GH. Tehran: Elmi va Farhangi; 2001. Vol.2 p.135. [Persian]
Polak JE. Safarnameh Polak. Translated by Jahandari K. Tehran: Khavarzami; 1989. p.123. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1885. No.581 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1885. No.585 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1886. No.593 p.2. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1886. No.596 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1886. No.602 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1886. No.612 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1887. No.613 p.4. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1887. No.622 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1887. No.631 p.3. [Persian]
Iran Newspaper. 1887. No.639 p.3. [Persian]
National Library of Iran, Document letter. Available at: http://dl.nlai.ir/UI/04cf58f1-65b3-4f95-945a-694c35c8c2ab/catalogue.aspx. Accessed on 2020.
Jackson AVW. Persia, past and Present. Translated by Amiri M, Badreaee F. Tehran: Khavarzami; 1973. p.375. [Persian]
Rostam al-Hokama Asef MH. Rostam al-Tavarich. Edited by Mehrabadi M. Tehran: Donyay Ketab; 2003. p.321-352. [Persian]
Furukawa N. Travels of Nobuyoshi Furukawa member of the general staff the deputy of and first embassy of Japan to Persian. Translated by Kinj E, Rajabzadeh H. Tehran: Society for the National Heritage of Iran; 2005. p.53, 213. [Persian]
- Abstract Viewed: 763 times
- pdf (فارسی) Downloaded: 303 times