Development of Medical Institutions in the First Era of the Ottoman Empire from the Establishment to the End of the Great Soleyman Era (679-974 AH / 1280-1566)
Tārīkh-i pizishkī i.e., Medical History,
Vol. 9 No. 31 (1396),
25 September 2018
,
Page 7-22
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v9i31.17003
Abstract
Background and Aim: We traced the actions of Ottoman rulers during the first empire period in the establishment of medical institutions in accordance with the development of the territory and the reason for their failure to succeed in this course.
Materials and Methods: This research, which is in the field of medical history studies, was performed using library resources, catalogs, documents and handwritten books. Ethical considerations were observed in the citations.
Findings: We traced the course of the Ottoman government's efforts to establish medical institutions proportionate to the empire and the reason for their failure to succeed in this path. The formation of the Ottoman state and its extension from a tribal power to a state and then to an empire necessitated the establishment of various institutions appropriate to this expansion. To create these institutions, the Ottomans adopted former patterns of Islamic Caliphate, Seljuq, Byzantine and Ancient Iran. One of the institutions adopted from Islamic models was a medical institution. By attracting Iranian and Islamic physicians and using their scientific and practical experience, they began to establish medical centers and medical schools. For teaching, they translated and adopted medical textbooks, mainly from Arabic sources. Among the translated books was the book "Al-Tasrif Lehman Ajz-e Aslif" written by Abolqasem Zahravi of the 4th century AH in Andalusia, which was translated by Sharafuddin Sabounchi Oghlu. The article describes this process and the factors leading to the failure of Ottomans to achieve a fundamental transformation in the field of medicine in the first era of the empire.
Conclusion: Various factors could account for the failure of Ottomans in establishing medical institutions, such as the lack of necessary capacities such as lack of religious support, in spite of the Arabic language, which was the language of the Qur'an and hadiths, as well as the lack expansion of the Ottoman language in proportion with the expansion of its territory and its exclusiveness only to the Anatolian region. In addition, the beginning of the Renaissance era and the intellectual and cultural developments in the West were among the most important factors in the failure of the Ottomans in this process.
Please cite this article as: Rajabnejad MR, Tajmiari B, Tolabi M. Development of Medical Institutions in the First Era of the Ottoman Empire from the Establishment to the End of the Great Soleyman Era (679-974 AH/ 1280-1566). Med Hist J 2017; 9(31): 7-22.
- Sharaf al-Din Sabounchi, Surgery of Ilkhani, Al-Tasrif Abolqasem Zahravi
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